首页 › 考研大学英语 › 科技出版业

meili 发表于 2022-10-18 19:40:54

科技出版业

<p>　　2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。　　<span word="Scientific">Scientific</span> <span word="publishing">publishing</span>　　科技出版业　　<span word="Brought">Brought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="book">book</span>　　好书来了　　<span word="Academic">Academic</span> <span word="journals">journals</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="radical">radical</span> <span word="shake">shake</span>-<span word="up">up</span>　　学术期刊面临彻底改变　　<span word="IF">IF</span> <span word="THERE">THERE</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="endeavour">endeavour</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="fruits">fruits</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="freely">freely</span> <span word="available">available</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="endeavour">endeavour</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="surelypublicly">surelypublicly</span> <span word="financed">financed</span> <span word="science">science</span>.　　如果有人试图把成果免费公开的话，那他一定是科学资助者，　　<span word="Morally">Morally</span>, <span word="taxpayers">taxpayers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="expense">expense</span>.　　确实，纳税人都希望不再花额外的钱来阅读科学著作，　　<span word="And">And</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="advances">advances</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="cross">cross</span>-<span word="fertilisation">fertilisation</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="projects">projects</span>.　　并且科学的进步也是通过各个学科之间的相互促进吸收，　　<span word="Barriers">Barriers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="down">down</span>.　　而其间的交流障碍使这种进步慢了下来。　　<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="publishers">publishers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="mediated">mediated</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="exchangefor">exchangefor</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="impediment">impediment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="it">it</span>.　　在过去一个世纪，期刊出版商给人广泛的感觉就是他们调停了这种交流，甚至阻碍了这种交流。　　<span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="converts">converts</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="government">government</span>.　　而最新的改变发生在英国政府身上，　　<span word="On">On</span> <span word="July">July</span> 16<span word="th">th</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="announced">announced</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="from">from</span> 2013, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="taxpayer">taxpayer</span>-<span word="financed">financed</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="wouldbe">wouldbe</span> <span word="available">available</span>, <span word="free">free</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="online">online</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="redistribute">redistribute</span>.　　它在7月16宣布，从2013年开始，由纳税人资助的科研成果都会在网上免费公开，并且任何人都可以阅读和转发。　　<span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>.　　并不是只有英国政府这么做，　　<span word="On">On</span> <span word="July">July</span> 17<span word="th">th</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="Union">Union</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="suit">suit</span>.　　17日欧盟也紧随其后，　　<span word="It">It</span> <span word="proposes">proposes</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span>-<span word="spending">spending</span> <span word="roundwhich">roundwhich</span> <span word="runs">runs</span> <span word="from">from</span>2014 <span word="to">to</span> 2020, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="about">about</span> 80 <span word="billion">billion</span>, <span word="or">or</span> 100 <span word="billion">billion</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="grantssimilarly">grantssimilarly</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="toget">toget</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="of">of</span>.　　建议下一个科研经费周期拿出800亿欧元来补贴类似易于获取资料的方法。在美国，　　<span word="In">In</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Institutes">Institutes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="open">open</span>-<span word="access">access</span> <span word="publishing">publishing</span> <span word="since">since</span> 2008.　　国家卫生研究所从2008年开始就要求开放出版业。　　<span word="And">And</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Wellcome">Wellcome</span> <span word="Trust">Trust</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="foundation">foundation</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="second">second</span>-<span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="charitablesource">charitablesource</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="money">money</span>, <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Melinda">Melinda</span> <span word="Gates">Gates</span> <span word="Foundation">Foundation</span>, <span word="also">also</span> <span word="insists">insists</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="thosewho">thosewho</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="shilling">shilling</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="free">free</span>.　　仅次于比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会的英国维康信托基金是世界上第二大科研资金获取来源，也坚持要用我的钱就必须免费公开成果。　　<span word="Criticism">Criticism</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="publishers">publishers</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="boils">boils</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="things">things</span>.　　而期刊出版商对此的批判常常归结为两件事，　　<span word="One">One</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="processes">processes</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="months">months</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="internet">internet</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="days">days</span>.　　一是他们对资料的处理要花费数月，实际上有互联网他们只需要花费数天;　　<span word="The">The</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mini">mini</span>-<span word="monopoly">monopoly</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fieldhave">fieldhave</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="advance">advance</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="research">research</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="incentive">incentive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="theprice">theprice</span> <span word="down">down</span>.　　另一个原因就是由于每篇论文就像一个小型垄断，相关领域的工作者想要提升研究水平就必须得阅读那些论文，这样根本没有动机把价格降下来，　　<span word="The">The</span> <span word="publishers">publishers</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="scientistsor">scientistsor</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="accurately">accurately</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="universities">universities</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="thesubscriptionsin">thesubscriptionsin</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="armlock">armlock</span>.　　因此出版商就把那些科学家准确来说是那些付钱订阅期刊的大学牢牢限制住了，　　<span word="That">That</span>, <span word="combined">combined</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="raw">raw</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="free">free</span>, <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="generous">generous</span> <span word="returns">returns</span>.　　再加上原始材料免费这一事实，这些常常为出版商带来了巨额回报。　　<span word="In">In</span> 2011 <span word="Elsevier">Elsevier</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="Dutch">Dutch</span> <span word="publisher">publisher</span>, <span word="made">made</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="of">of</span> 768<span word="m">m</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="revenues">revenues</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2.06<span word="billiona">billiona</span> <span word="margin">margin</span> <span word="of">of</span> 37%.　　在2011年，荷兰出版商爱思唯尔从20.6亿欧元的投资中获取了7.68亿欧元的回报利润达到了37%，　　<span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="Elsevier">Elsevier</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="profits">profits</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="egregious">egregious</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="that">that</span> 12,000 <span word="researchershave">researchershave</span> <span word="signed">signed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boycott">boycott</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="journals">journals</span>.　　如此高的收益被认为太过分，因此爱思唯尔遭到了12000名研究人员的联名抵制。　　<span word="A">A</span> <span word="golden">golden</span> <span word="future">future</span>?　　未来一片光明?　　<span word="Publishers">Publishers</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="service">service</span>.　　出版商也确实做了一些工作，　　<span word="They">They</span> <span word="organise">organise</span> <span word="peer">peer</span> <span word="review">review</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="criticised">criticised</span> <span word="anonymously">anonymously</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="experts">experts</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="theysort">theysort</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="goats">goats</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="deciding">deciding</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="published">published</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="where">where</span>.　　他们要对论文经行同业互查，并且还要对论文进行分类和挑选，决定是否出版和在哪里出版。　　<span word="That">That</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="publishers">publishers</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="power">power</span>.　　这就给了出版商很大的权利，　　<span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span>, <span word="administrators">administrators</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="grant">grant</span>-<span word="awarding">awarding</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="note">note</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="hasgot">hasgot</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="filtering">filtering</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="publish">publish</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="journals">journals</span> <span word="isintense">isintense</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="reinforcing">reinforcing</span>, <span word="increasing">increasing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="journals">journals</span> <span word="stillfurther">stillfurther</span>.　　因为研究者、管理员和拨款奖励机构都在注意谁的论文通过了这个过滤机制，在最好的期刊上发表论文的竞争非常激烈，出版系统就变得更加自我强化，也推高了那些期刊的价值。　　<span word="But">But</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>.　　或许以后不会再这样了，　　<span word="Support">Support</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="swelling">swelling</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="open">open</span>-<span word="access">access</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="publishing">publishing</span>: <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="online">online</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="thatallows">thatallows</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="charge">charge</span>.　　支持开放科学出版业的呼声越来越强烈：把研究成果放到网上，让任何人都可以免费查阅。　　<span word="The">The</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="sannouncement">sannouncement</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="clear">clear</span>, <span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="they">they</span>, <span word="too">too</span>, <span word="might">might</span> <span word="benefitfrom">benefitfrom</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="change">change</span>.　　这个运动开始由科学家发起，但是现在政府也站了出来，比如英国政府的通告就很清楚，它不仅在关注此事，还询问科学家们是否可以从这个变化中受益。　　<span word="The">The</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="announcement">announcement</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="publication">publication</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Dame">Dame</span> <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="Finch">Finch</span>, <span word="asociologist">asociologist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Manchester">Manchester</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="recommends">recommends</span> <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="modeladopted">modeladopted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pioneers">pioneers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="open">open</span>-<span word="access">access</span> <span word="publishing">publishing</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Public">Public</span> <span word="Library">Library</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Science">Science</span>.　　报告发表之后英国政府才发出通告，这位曼彻斯特大学的社会学家建议鼓励一种商业模式，这个方法被一家开放出版业的先锋公共科学图书馆所采纳。　　<span word="This">This</span> <span word="organisation">organisation</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="charity">charity</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="San">San</span> <span word="Francisco">Francisco</span>, <span word="charges">charges</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fee">fee</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="makestheir">makestheir</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="internet">internet</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span>.　　公共科学图书馆是一家位于旧金山的慈善组织，它会付给作者一笔费用，然后再把他们的论文在网上免费公开。　　<span word="For">For</span> <span word="PLoS">PLoS</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="charity">charity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="known">known</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="well">well</span>.　　对于公共科学图书馆来说，它的慈善事业广为人知，并且做得很好，　　<span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="launched">launched</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="respected">respected</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="journals">journals</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="foundation">foundation</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2000.　　并且从2000成立开始，已经出版了7大类备受推崇的电子期刊，　　<span word="For">For</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gold">gold</span> <span word="model">model</span>.　　虽然由于各种各样的原因，它们都淹没在历史的尘埃中，这种方式被称为 黄金模式。　　<span word="The">The</span> <span word="NIH">NIH</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="different">different</span>.　　国家卫生研究所的方法不一样，　　<span word="It">It</span> <span word="lets">lets</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="publish">publish</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="journals">journals</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="condition">condition</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="within">within</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="theypost">theypost</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="repository">repository</span> <span word="website">website</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="PubMed">PubMed</span>.　　它允许传统学术期刊发表研究人员的论文，但是有一个条件，就是在一年之内他的论文会在一家名为<span word="PubMed">PubMed</span>网站的免费知识库中公布，　　<span word="Journals">Journals</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="excluded">excluded</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span>.　　期刊出版商必须同意这么做，要么就会被排除在该程序之外，　　<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="green">green</span> <span word="model">model</span>.　　这就被称为绿色模式。　　<span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="gold">gold</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="green">green</span> <span word="models">models</span> <span word="involve">involve</span> <span word="prepublication">prepublication</span> <span word="peer">peer</span> <span word="review">review</span>.　　不管是黄金模式还是绿色模式都涉及到正式出版前的同业互查问题，　　<span word="But">But</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="that">that</span>.　　但第三种就不需要这样了，　　<span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>, <span word="physicists">physicists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="particular">particular</span>, <span word="now">now</span> <span word="upload">upload</span> <span word="drafts">drafts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="publicarchives">publicarchives</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="networks">networks</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="good">good</span>.　　现在很多科学家都为共同利益而把他们的草稿上传到由大学运营的网络公共档案馆中，　　<span word="Here">Here</span>, <span word="manuscripts">manuscripts</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ruthless">ruthless</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="peer">peer</span> <span word="review">review</span>, <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="thesecret">thesecret</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="publishers">publishers</span> <span word="employ">employ</span>.　　在这里，手稿都暴露在严格的同业互查之下，而不是被传统出版商私下分类。　　<span word="An">An</span> <span word="arXived">arXived</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="journal">journal</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="merely">merely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="animprimatur">animprimatur</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="actual">actual</span> <span word="publication">publication</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="otherscientists">otherscientists</span>, <span word="dates">dates</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="arrival">arrival</span> <span word="online">online</span>.　　一份被<span word="arXiv">arXiv</span>化论文可能会以传统期刊的出版而结束，但这仅仅只是为研究小组提供出版许可，它的实际出版物，还有对其他科学家的价值和原始数据都可以在网上找到。　　<span word="The">The</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="PLoS">PLoS</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="access">access</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="newventures">newventures</span>, <span word="too">too</span>.　　科学公共图书馆的成功让其把政策转向开放阅览，这也鼓励了其他新的投资者。　　<span word="Seeing">Seeing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>, <span word="several">several</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="publishers">publishers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="experimenting">experimenting</span> <span word="withgold">withgold</span>-<span word="model">model</span> <span word="publishing">publishing</span>.　　在看到这些不祥之兆后，一些商业出版商开始尝试以黄金模式出版，　　<span word="Meanwhile">Meanwhile</span>, <span word="later">later</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="coalition">coalition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Wellcome">Wellcome</span> <span word="Trust">Trust</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Max">Max</span> <span word="Planck">Planck</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="theHoward">theHoward</span> <span word="Hughes">Hughes</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="publish">publish</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="edition">edition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="eLife">eLife</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="open">open</span>-<span word="access">access</span> <span word="journalwith">journalwith</span> <span word="ambitions">ambitions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rival">rival</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>, <span word="Nature">Nature</span>.　　与此同时，在今年晚些时候，马普研究院和霍华休斯医学研究中心将与维康信托基金会合作，出版首期<span word="eLife">eLife</span>电子期刊，　　<span word="The">The</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="pockets">pockets</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="organisations">organisations</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span>, <span word="thisjournal">thisjournal</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="publication">publication</span> <span word="fee">fee</span>.　　这份开放阅览的期刊有信心与它们之中最著名的《自然》竞争，那些财大气粗的组织甚至想至少在头几年不对期刊收取出版费。　　<span word="Much">Much</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="out">out</span>.　　仍然还有许多要解决的东西，　　<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="loss">loss</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="journals">journals</span> <span word="curation">curation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="verification">verification</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="research">research</span>.　　一些人担心会失去传统期刊的内容治理和调查核实，　　<span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="Sir">Sir</span> <span word="Mark">Mark</span> <span word="Walport">Walport</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="director">director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Wellcome">Wellcome</span> <span word="Trust">Trust</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fierce">fierce</span> <span word="advocate">advocate</span> <span word="ofopen">ofopen</span>-<span word="access">access</span> <span word="publication">publication</span>, <span word="worries">worries</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="green">green</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="becomefragmented">becomefragmented</span>.　　甚至维康信托基金会的主管和开放出版的坚定支持者<span word="Mark">Mark</span> <span word="Walport">Walport</span>先生也担心基于绿色模式的系统会分崩离析，　　<span word="That">That</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newly">newly</span> <span word="liberated">liberated</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="ended">ended</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="thanbeing">thanbeing</span> <span word="consolidated">consolidated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="NIH">NIH</span> <span word="insists">insists</span> <span word="on">on</span>.　　如果新式宽松论文政策被某些原因终结而不是如<span word="NIH">NIH</span>所坚持走统一合并的路子，这一切就有可能发生。　　<span word="But">But</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="BMC">BMC</span> <span word="Medicine">Medicine</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="open">open</span>-<span word="access">access</span> <span word="journals">journals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="aswidely">aswidely</span> <span word="cited">cited</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="publications">publications</span>.　　但是根据《<span word="BMC">BMC</span>医学》最近公布的调查显示，开放阅览期刊被引用的广泛程度和传统期刊一样多。　　<span word="A">A</span> <span word="revolution">revolution</span>, <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="begun">begun</span>.　　所以一场革命已经开始了，　　<span word="Technology">Technology</span> <span word="permits">permits</span> <span word="it">it</span>; <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="politicians">politicians</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="it">it</span>.　　不仅技术上可行，研究人员和政客也需要。　　<span word="If">If</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="publishers">publishers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="trembling">trembling</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="boots">boots</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span>.　　如果传统科技图书出版商没有觉得胆战心惊的话，那现在就是时候了。　　词语解释　　1.<span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> 能够,胜任　　<span word="They">They</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="score">score</span> <span word="from">from</span> 12 <span word="yards">yards</span>.　　他们应该能从12码的位置射门得分。　　<span word="Maybe">Maybe</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>.　　那个时候或许他们能聊的久一点。　　2.<span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="out">out</span> 分发;拿出　　<span word="But">But</span> <span word="china">china</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="lunches">lunches</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="europe">europe</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="any">any</span>.　　但中国并不提供免费午餐，欧洲也没有权利期待任何施舍。　　<span word="You">You</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="window">window</span>.　　当你在一辆行驶中的车子上将手伸出窗外时你就能感受到这股力。　　3.<span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> 便于　　<span word="The">The</span> <span word="interface">interface</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span>.　　它的界面很清爽，便于使用。　　<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="mrs">mrs</span> <span word="obama">obama</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="frustration">frustration</span>.　　人们很容易理解奥巴马夫人的恼怒而又不知所措。　　4.<span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> 允许　　<span word="Secretary">Secretary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="branch">branch</span> <span word="violates">violates</span> <span word="discipline">discipline</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ignore">ignore</span>.　　农村党支部书记违纪现象不容忽视。　　<span word="Start">Start</span> <span word="engine">engine</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="cuts">cuts</span> <span word="out">out</span>.　　起动发动机并使其运行直至停止。</p>

查看完整版本: 科技出版业