锻炼也会上瘾
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Exercise">Exercise</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="addiction">addiction</span> 锻炼也会上瘾 <span word="Fun">Fun</span> <span word="run">run</span> 奔跑的奥秘 <span word="People">People</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="seems">seems</span>, <span word="have">have</span> <span word="evolved">evolved</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="addicted">addicted</span> <span word="toexercise">toexercise</span> 人类似乎在进化过程中对锻炼上瘾了 <span word="AS">AS</span> <span word="THE">THE</span> <span word="legions">legions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gym">gym</span> <span word="bunnies">bunnies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="jogging">jogging</span> <span word="enthusiasts">enthusiasts</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spring">spring</span> <span word="sunshineevery">sunshineevery</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="demonstrate">demonstrate</span>, <span word="running">running</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fun">fun</span>. 那一大批在春日和煦的阳光中奔跑着的健身爱好者无不向我们展示着奔跑的乐趣。 <span word="More">More</span> <span word="specifically">specifically</span>, <span word="running">running</span> <span word="triggers">triggers</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="release">release</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="chemicals">chemicals</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="endocannabinoidsthat">endocannabinoidsthat</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="potent">potent</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span>. 更确切地讲，在奔跑时人体内有一种化学物质被释放，从而使人产生一种强烈的愉悦感。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="activeingredient">activeingredient</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="marijuana">marijuana</span>. 正如其名字的含义一般，这些<span word="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</span>有着跟大麻中的有效成分一样的效果。 <span word="From">From</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="evolutionary">evolutionary</span> <span word="standpoint">standpoint</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="surge">surge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="runner">runner</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="itcreates">itcreates</span>, <span word="make">make</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>. 从进化论的观点来看，人体内<span word="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</span>水平的上升及由此而生的赛跑者的亢奋对人类的发展是有意义的。 <span word="For">For</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="remaining">remaining</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="predators">predators</span> <span word="andenemies">andenemies</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="vital">vital</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="survival">survival</span>. 那些远古时代的人类，为了能够顺利追捕到猎物并从其他猎食者的追击中逃脱，必须将身体状态始终维持在一个良好的水平。 <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="mammals">mammals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="driven">driven</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="remained">remained</span> <span word="amystery">amystery</span>. 既然人类如此，那么其他哺乳动物是否也会在<span word="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</span>的内在驱动下而进行锻炼呢? <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="David">David</span> <span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Arizona">Arizona</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="runner">runner</span> <span word="shigh">shigh</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="species">species</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span>. 这仍是个未解之谜。现在一项由<span word="Arizona">Arizona</span>大学的<span word="David">David</span> <span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span>博士领衔的研究已经在其他哺乳动物体内-并非全部都有-发现了<span word="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</span>的存在。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="what">what</span>?! 你猜我在干什么?! <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span> <span word="hypothesised">hypothesised</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span>-<span word="driven">driven</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="highs">highs</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thosemammals">thosemammals</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="gain">gain</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="evolutionary">evolutionary</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="feet">feet</span>: <span word="antelopes">antelopes</span>, <span word="horsesand">horsesand</span> <span word="wolves">wolves</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>. <span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span>先提出了一个假设：像羚羊，马和狼这样一些因拥有飞毛腿而在进化过程中受益的哺乳动物中也存在着锻炼产生的兴奋现象; <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="beingquick">beingquick</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="agile">agile</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="running">running</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="ferrets">ferrets</span>. 而那些以灵动著称，却非凭奔跑文明的动物，如雪貂，则不会出现此现象。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="devised">devised</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="monitored">monitored</span> <span word="theendocannabinoid">theendocannabinoid</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="atreadmill">atreadmill</span>. 为了检验这些猜想，<span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span>和由其同事所组成的团队设计了一个实验-对在跑步机上行走，奔跑过后的动物体内的<span word="endocannabinoids">endocannabinoids</span>水平进行监控。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="experimental">experimental</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="dogs">dogs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="ferrets">ferrets</span>. 被考虑用来进行实验的动物有以下三种：十个人，八条狗和八只雪貂。 <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="treadmill">treadmill</span> <span word="for">for</span> 30 <span word="minutes">minutes</span>. <span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span>博士先让他们在跑步机上行走或奔跑30分钟。 <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="speeds">speeds</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="species">species</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="thetreadmill">thetreadmill</span> <span word="moved">moved</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="varied">varied</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="tothe">tothe</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="level">level</span>. 由于不同的动物速度不一，所以跑步机的传送带速度设置是以使不同动物的心率达到同一水平为依据。 <span word="Running">Running</span> <span word="speeds">speeds</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="at">at</span> 2.5 <span word="metres">metres</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="people">people</span>, 1.83 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="dogs">dogs</span> <span word="and">and</span> 0.84 <span word="forferrets">forferrets</span>. 这样设置的结果便为：奔跑速度为人类2.5米/秒，狗1.83米/秒，雪貂0.84米/秒; <span word="Walking">Walking</span> <span word="speeds">speeds</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="at">at</span> 1.25 <span word="metres">metres</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="and">and</span> 1.1 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="dogs">dogs</span>. 行走速度为人类1.25米/秒，狗1.1米/秒。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ferrets">ferrets</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="distracted">distracted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="consistently">consistently</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="treadmills">treadmills</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="thusleft">thusleft</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sit">sit</span> <span word="quietly">quietly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="cages">cages</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span>. 雪貂由于太易分心，没办法让它持续在跑步机上行走，所以在进行该部分实验时它们被留在了笼中静静地坐着。 <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="participating">participating</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="session">session</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="other">other</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="onseparate">onseparate</span> <span word="days">days</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="avoid">avoid</span> <span word="exhaustion">exhaustion</span>. 每只动物会跑一段走一段，为了避免动物们出现筋疲力尽的情况，实验是分成几天进行的。 <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="session">session</span>, <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="init">init</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="measured">measured</span>. 在实验前和试验后，动物们都会被抽血以检验其中的<span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span>水平。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Journal">Journal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Experimental">Experimental</span> <span word="Biology">Biology</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="after">after</span> 30 <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="ofwalking">ofwalking</span>, <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="rise">rise</span>. 研究人员在《生物学实验》杂志中提到，在经过30分钟的行走之后，参加实验的动物的<span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span>水平并没上升。 <span word="After">After</span> <span word="running">running</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="rose">rose</span> <span word="from">from</span> 2.4<span word="picomoles">picomoles</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="millilitre">millilitre</span> <span word="to">to</span> 6.1. 然而在奔跑过后情况则有所不同：那10个人的平均<span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span>水平从2.4 <span word="pmol">pmol</span>/<span word="ml">ml</span>上升到了6.1<span word="pmol">pmol</span>/<span word="ml">ml</span>。 <span word="Dogs">Dogs</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="trend">trend</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="from">from</span> 2.4 <span word="pmol">pmol</span>/<span word="ml">ml</span> <span word="to">to</span> 8.0. 狗的变化趋势与人类似---由2.4 <span word="pmol">pmol</span>/<span word="ml">ml</span>升至8.0 <span word="pmol">pmol</span>/<span word="ml">ml</span>。 <span word="Ferrets">Ferrets</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="different">different</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increase">increase</span>, <span word="from">from</span> 3.0 <span word="to">to</span> 3.9 <span word="pmol">pmol</span>/<span word="ml">ml</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="wasnot">wasnot</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="statistically">statistically</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="rise">rise</span>. 唯独雪貂例外。他们的<span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span>水平虽亦有所上升-3.0 至 3.9 <span word="pmol">pmol</span>/<span word="ml">ml</span>，但仍处于统计学上可不被纳入考虑的范围内。 <span word="These">These</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="dogs">dogs</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="runner">runner</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="ferrets">ferrets</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span>. 这些发现表明狗中同样存在着赛跑者的亢奋现象，而雪貂则没有。 <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="ferrets">ferrets</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="systems">systems</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="rewardcardiovascular">rewardcardiovascular</span> <span word="activity">activity</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="consumes">consumes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>, <span word="may">may</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="injury">injury</span>, <span word="andis">andis</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="crucial">crucial</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stealthy">stealthy</span> <span word="hunting">hunting</span> <span word="technique">technique</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sneaking">sneaking</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="burrows">burrows</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="rabbitsin">rabbitsin</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>. 看来雪貂体内并不存在对心血管活动进行阳性强化刺激的系统，<span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span>博士认为这对雪貂的发展同样是有意义的，要知道太剧烈的运动会消耗掉过多的能量， 甚至引发受伤，且这并非是雪貂捕猎技术中的关键-它们一般只需偷偷溜进兔子窝并在兔子们熟睡时将其杀死即可。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span> <span word="reward">reward</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="hasbeen">hasbeen</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="branches">branches</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mammalian">mammalian</span> <span word="tree">tree</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="thatevolves">thatevolves</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="active">active</span>. 仍有待考证的是，究竟这种<span word="endocannabinoid">endocannabinoid</span>刺激机制是从远古时代起即为哺乳类动物所拥有，还是从某些活跃的个别物种中进化出来的? <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="humanity">humanity</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="arboreal">arboreal</span> <span word="simian">simian</span> <span word="ancestors">ancestors</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="presumably">presumably</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="torun">torun</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latter">latter</span>. 鉴于人类的祖先类人猿是树栖动物，据推测它们很少有奔跑的需要，因此正确结论很可能是后者。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operative">operative</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ferrets">ferrets</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thetreadmill">thetreadmill</span>. 但若要确认此假设，<span word="Raichlen">Raichlen</span>博士需将更多如雪貂般不太合作的动物哄上跑步机。 词语解释 1.<span word="evolve">evolve</span> <span word="to">to</span> 进化 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="magic">magic</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="ideaevolve">ideaevolve</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="revolutionary">revolutionary</span> <span word="one">one</span>. 这是让小点子演变成具有革命性创意的魔法所在。 <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="evolve">evolve</span> <span word="toinclude">toinclude</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="aspects">aspects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>. 假以时日，电脑业的发展将会涵盖我们所有的生活层面。 2.<span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> 足以 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="trigger">trigger</span> <span word="renewed">renewed</span> <span word="recession">recession</span>. 这个问题不足以导致美国经济重新陷入衰退。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="tells">tells</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="away">away</span>. 它告诉你的东西足够让你立刻开始使用。 3.<span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="from">from</span> 获益;受益 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span>. 现在一些真正的工程才会令该国经济受益。 <span word="Humans">Humans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="foxp">foxp</span>2. 人类并不是唯一受益于<span word="foxp">foxp</span>2基因的物种。 4.<span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="from">from</span> 不同于 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="purchases">purchases</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. 但未来的债券购买计划会和以前的有所不同。 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="who">who</span>? 这项研究如何以及为什么与世卫组织的建议不同?</p>
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