德国公司的管理
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Corporate">Corporate</span> <span word="governance">governance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span> 德国公司的管理 <span word="Diversifying">Diversifying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="board">board</span> 董事会的多元化 <span word="German">German</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cosy">cosy</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="clubs">clubs</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> 德国的董事会曾一度是享乐者的天堂，但是现在不一样了。 <span word="HERMANN">HERMANN</span> <span word="JOSEF">JOSEF</span> <span word="ABS">ABS</span> <span word="liked">liked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="joke">joke</span>, <span word="What">What</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="differencebetween">differencebetween</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doghouse">doghouse</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="supervisory">supervisory</span> <span word="board">board</span>? <span word="HERMANN">HERMANN</span> <span word="JOSEF">JOSEF</span>喜欢开玩笑：狗屋和监事会有什么不同? <span word="The">The</span> <span word="doghouse">doghouse</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dog">dog</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="supervisory">supervisory</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cat">cat</span>. 狗屋是给狗的，监事会是给猫的， <span word="For">For</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="unfamiliar">unfamiliar</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nuances">nuances</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="humour">humour</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cat">cat</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="slang">slang</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="somethinglike">somethinglike</span> <span word="trash">trash</span>. 这是德国式幽默，猫在俚语里通常指代废物。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="banker">banker</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="know">know</span>: <span word="while">while</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="Deutsche">Deutsche</span> <span word="Bank">Bank</span> <span word="from">from</span> 1957 <span word="to">to</span> 1967, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="ondozens">ondozens</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="supervisory">supervisory</span> <span word="boards">boards</span>. 已故的银行家或许知道，在1957到1967年间主管德意志银行时，<span word="HERMANN">HERMANN</span> <span word="JOSEF">JOSEF</span> <span word="ABS">ABS</span>还是几十个监事会成员里的一个。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="peak">peak</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Deutschland">Deutschland</span> <span word="AG">AG</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clique">clique</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="serving">serving</span> <span word="bosses">bosses</span>, <span word="autocratic">autocratic</span> <span word="chairmen">chairmen</span>,<span word="do">do</span>-<span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="financier">financier</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>. 过去，监事会是德国公司的顶层，他们是由一群长期担任老板的小团体，独裁主席，游手好闲的董事会成员以及他们金融界的朋友们组成。 <span word="Big">Big</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="supervisory">supervisory</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="check">check</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="theirmanagement">theirmanagement</span> <span word="boards">boards</span>. 大型德国公司的监事会应该管理董事会， <span word="But">But</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="relations">relations</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="cosy">cosy</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span>. 但是实际上他们的关系过于亲密。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stumbles">stumbles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="titans">titans</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="highlight">highlight</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="isstill">isstill</span> <span word="concentrated">concentrated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Germanspeaking">Germanspeaking</span> <span word="world">world</span>. 去年这两大巨头的过失似乎在过于强调企业大权仍掌控在少数德国人手里。 <span word="As">As</span> 2013 <span word="began">began</span> <span word="Gerhard">Gerhard</span> <span word="Cromme">Cromme</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="chairman">chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="supervisory">supervisory</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="Siemens">Siemens</span>, <span word="anindustrial">anindustrial</span> <span word="conglomerate">conglomerate</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ThyssenKrupp">ThyssenKrupp</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="steelmaker">steelmaker</span>. 2013年伊始，<span word="Gerhard">Gerhard</span> <span word="Cromme">Cromme</span>成为西门子及钢铁制造商蒂森克努伯两家企业的监事会主席。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="losses">losses</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="mills">mills</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="fines">fines</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cartel">cartel</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chairmanship">chairmanship</span> <span word="atThyssenKrupp">atThyssenKrupp</span>. 但是卡特尔事件中国外钢厂的巨大损失及高额罚款让他失去了蒂森克努伯公司监事会主席一职。 <span word="Then">Then</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="July">July</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boardroom">boardroom</span> <span word="bunfight">bunfight</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Siemens">Siemens</span> <span word="ended">ended</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="departure">departure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Peter">Peter</span> <span word="Lscher">Lscher</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="chief">chief</span> <span word="executive">executive</span>. 同年7月，西门子董事会舞会事件以其首席主管<span word="Peter">Peter</span> <span word="Lscher">Lscher</span>的离职而告终。 <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Cromme">Cromme</span> <span word="belatedly">belatedly</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="firingbut">firingbut</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="hiring">hiring</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="protecting">protecting</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="foryears">foryears</span>. <span word="Cromme">Cromme</span>请求延迟他的解雇，但也只是在雇佣和保护了他几年之后。 <span word="Josef">Josef</span> <span word="Ackermann">Ackermann</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Swiss">Swiss</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="boss">boss</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Deutsche">Deutsche</span> <span word="Bank">Bank</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Siemens">Siemens</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="member">member</span>, <span word="haddefended">haddefended</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Lscher">Lscher</span>. 德意志银行前瑞士分行行长兼西门子董事<span word="Josef">Josef</span> <span word="Ackermann">Ackermann</span>力挺<span word="Lscher">Lscher</span>。 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Lscher">Lscher</span> <span word="went">went</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="he">he</span>. 当<span word="Lscher">Lscher</span>走后他也离职了。 <span word="Shortly">Shortly</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="quit">quit</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="chairman">chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Zurich">Zurich</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Swiss">Swiss</span> <span word="insurer">insurer</span>, <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="chief">chief</span> <span word="financialofficer">financialofficer</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="committed">committed</span> <span word="suicide">suicide</span>, <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="note">note</span> <span word="berating">berating</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Ackermann">Ackermann</span>. 在这之前不久他还辞去了瑞士保险公司苏黎世董事长一职。该公司的首席财务官自杀了，只留下一张便条斥责<span word="Ackermann">Ackermann</span>。 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="job">job</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Ackermann">Ackermann</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="tostep">tostep</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="trustee">trustee</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="Economic">Economic</span> <span word="Forum">Forum</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="gabfest">gabfest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Davos">Davos</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 现在他没有大公司工作，有报道称本周在达沃斯会议进行冗长的谈话后，<span word="Ackermann">Ackermann</span>只能降职为世界经济论坛的受托人。 <span word="At">At</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="glance">glance</span>, <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="male">male</span>, <span word="German">German</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="concentrated">concentrated</span>. 乍一看，企业大权仍集中在德国男性手里。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="boardrooms">boardrooms</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="slowly">slowly</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="diverse">diverse</span>. 但是董事会正慢慢变得多样化。 <span word="In">In</span> 2003 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="supervisory">supervisory</span>-<span word="board">board</span> <span word="member">member</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="on">on</span> 1.9 <span word="boards">boards</span>; <span word="nowthe">nowthe</span> <span word="figure">figure</span> <span word="is">is</span> 1.6. 2003年监事会成员中上市公司平均占了1.9席。 <span word="A">A</span> 2001 <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="sales">sales</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shares">shares</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="banks">banks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="played">played</span> <span word="bigroles">bigroles</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="lenders">lenders</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="part">part</span>-<span word="owners">owners</span>, <span word="start">start</span> <span word="disentangling">disentangling</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>. 然而现在这个数据是1.6。2001年销售股份削减税被放款及合伙大户银行和保险公司承包，并开始解决纠纷。 <span word="Into">Into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gaps">gaps</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="onto">onto</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boards">boards</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="members">members</span>. 为了填补空缺，也有很多新一代的有活力的成员加入董事会。 <span word="Boards">Boards</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="choice">choice</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sharper">sharper</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Christoph">Christoph</span> <span word="Schalast">Schalast</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="ofFinance">ofFinance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Management">Management</span>. 法兰克福金融管理学院的<span word="Christoph">Christoph</span> <span word="Schalast">Schalast</span>表示董事会别无选择，只有变得更加锐利。 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="fines">fines</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="settlements">settlements</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="financialcrisis">financialcrisis</span>. 现在许多公司都在金融危机到来之前为他们的行为支付罚款和理赔款。 <span word="A">A</span> 2010 <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="statute">statute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="limitations">limitations</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="misdeeds">misdeeds</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span>. 2010年修改法律诉讼时效等罪行翻了一倍，达10年了。 <span word="Progress">Progress</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="slower">slower</span>. 董事会的国际化进程变缓了。 <span word="Eight">Eight</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> 30 <span word="public">public</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="bosses">bosses</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="predominantly">predominantly</span> <span word="German">German</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="multinational">multinational</span> <span word="firms">firms</span>. 规模最大的30家上市公司中有8家老板都是国外的，但是即使在大多数跨国公司，其董事会其他成员主要还是德国人。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="Burkhard">Burkhard</span> <span word="Schwenker">Schwenker</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boss">boss</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Roland">Roland</span> <span word="Berger">Berger</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="consulting">consulting</span> <span word="firm">firm</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="countingpassports">countingpassports</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="simplistic">simplistic</span>: <span word="what">what</span> <span word="matters">matters</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="experience">experience</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="firmsincreasingly">firmsincreasingly</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="recruiting">recruiting</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="management">management</span>-<span word="and">and</span> <span word="supervisory">supervisory</span>-<span word="board">board</span> <span word="members">members</span>. 咨询公司<span word="Roland">Roland</span> <span word="Berger">Berger</span>的董事长<span word="Burkhard">Burkhard</span> <span word="Schwenker">Schwenker</span>却表示哪个国家的其实不重要，在招募管理及董事成员时更看重的是德国公司急需的国际经验。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="diverse">diverse</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="accumulation">accumulation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="seats">seats</span> <span word="abad">abad</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>? 如果董事会变得越来越专业越来越多样化，积累董事会职位本身是坏事吗? <span word="Jrg">Jrg</span> <span word="Rocholl">Rocholl</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Management">Management</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="thatstudies">thatstudies</span> <span word="disagree">disagree</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="profits">profits</span>. 欧洲管理与技术学院的院长<span word="Jrg">Jrg</span> <span word="Rocholl">Rocholl</span>表示繁忙的董事会对企业收益是利是弊仍意见不一。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="agrees">agrees</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="capable">capable</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="inGermany">inGermany</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="revival">revival</span>. 但可以肯定的是董事们正变得越来越能干，这也是德国公司经济复苏的原因之一。 <span word="Pay">Pay</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="up">up</span>; <span word="but">but</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="days">days</span>, <span word="members">members</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="earning">earning</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 董事成员的工资上涨了，但是这段日子是他们应得的。 词语解释 1.<span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="with">with</span> 熟悉的;友好的 <span word="No">No</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="peril">peril</span> <span word="thanjapan">thanjapan</span>. 日本比世界上的任何国家都更熟悉核危害。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="furtherdetails">furtherdetails</span>. 一位知情人士提供了进一步的详情。 2.<span word="suppose">suppose</span> <span word="to">to</span> 认为 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="suppose">suppose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="honeymoon">honeymoon</span>. 我本来想去那里度蜜月。 <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="suppose">suppose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boat">boat</span>. 你认为是那些在船上的人吗? 3.<span word="concentrate">concentrate</span> <span word="in">in</span> 集中于 <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="accounting">accounting</span> <span word="personnel">personnel</span> <span word="concentrate">concentrate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="department">department</span>. 大部分的会计人员都是集中在财务部门的。 <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="somnolent">somnolent</span> <span word="voice">voice</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="concentrate">concentrate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="classes">classes</span>. 由于他的声音十分催眠，学生觉得很难在他的课上集中思想。 4.<span word="call">call</span> <span word="for">for</span> 需要;要求 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="infrequent">infrequent</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="semicolon">semicolon</span>. 有几个比较少见的的情况也要求使用分号。 <span word="Finally">Finally</span>, <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="tighter">tighter</span> <span word="monetary">monetary</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>. 最后，食品价格上涨会要求各国收紧货币政策。</p>
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