3D制造
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 3<span word="D">D</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> 3<span word="D">D</span>制造 <span word="Print">Print</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="phone">phone</span> 给我打印一部电话 <span word="New">New</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="embed">embed</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="products">products</span> 新技术直接把电子元件嵌入产品中 <span word="OPEN">OPEN</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="device">device</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="inside">inside</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="circuit">circuit</span> <span word="boards">boards</span>, <span word="components">components</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bundlesof">bundlesof</span> <span word="wire">wire</span>. 拆开任何一个电子设备，你都会在里面发现电路板、电子元件和一束束电线。 <span word="Assembling">Assembling</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="items">items</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="aphone">aphone</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tedious">tedious</span>, <span word="labour">labour</span>-<span word="intensive">intensive</span> <span word="process">process</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="subcontracted">subcontracted</span> <span word="tolow">tolow</span>-<span word="wage">wage</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 把他们组合在一起做成产品的过程是很乏味的，这个劳动密集型的过程常常被分包给低工资的国家，比如中国。 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="dimensions">dimensions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="developed">developed</span>. 现在三维电子印刷术已经比较成熟， <span word="This">This</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="incorporate">incorporate</span> <span word="circuitry">circuitry</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="components">components</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="productis">productis</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="from">from</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="phone">phone</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="case">case</span>. 这种新方法使得在原材料上把电路和原件一体化成为可能， <span word="It">It</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="revolutionise">revolutionise</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="made">made</span>. 这将彻底改变电子产品的生产方式。 <span word="Printing">Printing</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="new">new</span>; <span word="screen">screen</span> <span word="printing">printing</span>, <span word="lithography">lithography</span>, <span word="inkjet">inkjet</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="processes">processes</span> <span word="havelong">havelong</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="manufacture">manufacture</span> <span word="circuit">circuit</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="components">components</span>. 印刷电子技术并不新鲜，丝网印刷、光刻、喷墨印刷和其他技术用于生产电路板和元件已有很长时间， <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="technologies">technologies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="improving">improving</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="printed">printed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="agreater">agreater</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="surfaces">surfaces</span>. 由于该技术正飞速发展，现在已可以在各式各样的表面进行印刷。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="developments">developments</span>, <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="combined">combined</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="additivemanufacturing">additivemanufacturing</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="popularly">popularly</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> 3<span word="D">D</span> <span word="printers">printers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="solid">solid</span> <span word="objects">objects</span> <span word="outof">outof</span> <span word="material">material</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="layer">layer</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 在最近进展中，已经把电子印刷和快速成型制造结合在一起，快速成型制造就是使用机器对原材料进行逐层加工成型。 <span word="Printing">Printing</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="inks">inks</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="electrical">electrical</span> <span word="properties">properties</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="conductors">conductors</span>,<span word="resistors">resistors</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="semiconductors">semiconductors</span>. 印刷电子技术需要带有电气性能的墨水，这些墨水能扮演导体、电阻或半导体的角色， <span word="These">These</span> <span word="inks">inks</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="versatile">versatile</span>. 并且变得越来多才多艺， <span word="One">One</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Xerox">Xerox</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="firm">firm</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span> <span word="andcommercial">andcommercial</span> <span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="systems">systems</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="centre">centre</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="silver">silver</span> <span word="ink">ink</span> <span word="whichcan">whichcan</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="flexible">flexible</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="circuits">circuits</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="onto">onto</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="plastic">plastic</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="fabrics">fabrics</span>. 就拿施乐公司的例子来说，它开发的一种银质墨水能够直接在柔性材料上打印出电路，比如塑料和纤维织物。 <span word="Silver">Silver</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="conductor">conductor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="copper">copper</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="circuits">circuits</span>, <span word="butsilver">butsilver</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tricky">tricky</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="melts">melts</span> <span word="at">at</span> 962<span word="C">C</span>. 银的导电性要比铜好，所以常用在电路中，但银不仅昂贵而且很难用于印刷。 <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="silver">silver</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="particles">particles</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="nanometres">nanometres</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="size">size</span>, <span word="Xerox">Xerox</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="asilver">asilver</span> <span word="ink">ink</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="melts">melts</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> 140<span word="C">C</span>. 然而实验室研究主管<span word="Paul">Paul</span> <span word="Smith">Smith</span>说，施乐公司通过把银制成仅有5纳米的小颗粒，生产的银质墨水就能在低于140<span word="C">C</span>熔化， <span word="That">That</span> <span word="allows">allows</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="printed">printed</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="inkjet">inkjet</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="processes">processes</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="cheaply">cheaply</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="PaulSmith">PaulSmith</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="director">director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laboratory">laboratory</span>. 这样的墨水能够通过喷墨方式或者其他比较廉价的处理方式进行打印。 <span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="minuscule">minuscule</span> <span word="quantities">quantities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="silver">silver</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="waste">waste</span>, <span word="unlike">unlike</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span>-<span word="etchingprocesses">etchingprocesses</span>. 与化学蚀刻处理法不同，这种方法不仅银用量极少，并且不会浪费。 <span word="Xerox">Xerox</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="PARC">PARC</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="centre">centre</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Palo">Palo</span> <span word="Alto">Alto</span>, <span word="California">California</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="inks">inks</span>. 施乐公司位于加州帕洛阿尔托的<span word="PARC">PARC</span>研究中心正在研发使用此墨水的技术。 <span word="These">These</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="circuits">circuits</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="components">components</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="flexible">flexible</span> <span word="display">display</span> <span word="screens">screens</span>, <span word="sensorsand">sensorsand</span> <span word="antennae">antennae</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="radio">radio</span>-<span word="frequency">frequency</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="tags">tags</span>. 这些技术能够为不同的电子元件打印电路，包括柔性显示器、传感器和经安全认证的射频天线。 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="emergence">emergence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="additive">additive</span>-<span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="starts">starts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="toprint">toprint</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="onto">onto</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Janos">Janos</span> <span word="Veres">Veres</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="PARC">PARC</span> <span word="sprinted">sprinted</span>-<span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="team">team</span>. <span word="PARC">PARC</span>的电子印刷技术小组主管<span word="Janos">Janos</span> <span word="Veres">Veres</span>说，随着快速成型制造技术的出现，直接在产品身上印刷出电路开始变得可能。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="includes">includes</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="shapes">shapes</span>. 这还包括具有复杂形状的产品， <span word="Optomec">Optomec</span>, <span word="based">based</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Albuquerque">Albuquerque</span>, <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Mexico">Mexico</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="additive">additive</span>-<span word="manufacturingsystems">manufacturingsystems</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="industries">industries</span>. 总部位于新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基的<span word="Optomec">Optomec</span>公司已经为多个行业开发了快速成型制造系统： <span word="It">It</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="onto">onto</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="augmented">augmented</span> <span word="reality">reality</span>; <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="aplastic">aplastic</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="tank">tank</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="embedded">embedded</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="turnpumps">turnpumps</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="off">off</span>; <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="sensors">sensors</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="armour">armour</span>; <span word="or">or</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="antenna">antenna</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="amobile">amobile</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>. 为了增强现实，它能直接在眼镜上进行电子印刷;它能运用嵌入电子技术测量塑料水箱里的水有多满，并控制水泵的开关;能在军用盔甲上印刷传感器;或在手机外壳上直接印刷天线。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="way">way</span> <span word="tie">tie</span>-<span word="up">up</span>, <span word="Optomec">Optomec</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Aurora">Aurora</span> <span word="Flight">Flight</span> <span word="Sciences">Sciences</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="Americanproducer">Americanproducer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unmanned">unmanned</span> <span word="aerial">aerial</span> <span word="vehicles">vehicles</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Stratasys">Stratasys</span>, <span word="a">a</span> 3<span word="D">D</span>-<span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="inMinneapolis">inMinneapolis</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smart">smart</span> <span word="wing">wing</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="drone">drone</span>. 在最近三方合作中，<span word="Optomec">Optomec</span>公司与极光飞行科学公司和<span word="Stratasys">Stratasys</span>公司合力为小型无人机打造了智能机翼。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="wing">wing</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thermoplastic">thermoplastic</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Stratasys">Stratasys</span> 3<span word="D">D</span> <span word="printer">printer</span>. 该机翼由热塑性材料制造，并由<span word="Stratasys">Stratasys</span>的3<span word="D">D</span>打印机成型， <span word="Optomec">Optomec</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> <span word="Aerosol">Aerosol</span> <span word="Jet">Jet</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="circuits">circuits</span>, <span word="sensors">sensors</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="antenna">antenna</span> <span word="onthe">onthe</span> <span word="wing">wing</span>. 然后<span word="Optomec">Optomec</span>采用名为气雾喷射的技术在机翼上印刷出电路、传感器和天线。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="lightweight">lightweight</span> <span word="drones">drones</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="customised">customised</span> <span word="forspecific">forspecific</span> <span word="missions">missions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="printed">printed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="demand">demand</span>. 采用这种技术的方法能够让轻量级无人机根据任务和需求进行定制和印刷。 <span word="Optomec">Optomec</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Aerosol">Aerosol</span> <span word="Jet">Jet</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="differently">differently</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="inkjet">inkjet</span> <span word="printing">printing</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="headpositioned">headpositioned</span> <span word="barely">barely</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="millimetre">millimetre</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="droplet">droplet</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ink">ink</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flat">flat</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>. <span word="Optomec">Optomec</span>公司的气雾喷射技术与喷墨印刷术有很大不同。 <span word="Aerosol">Aerosol</span> <span word="Jet">Jet</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="atomises">atomises</span> <span word="nanoparticle">nanoparticle</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="microscopic">microscopic</span> <span word="droplets">droplets</span>,<span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="focused">focused</span>, <span word="using">using</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sheath">sheath</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gas">gas</span>, <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="precise">precise</span> <span word="jet">jet</span> <span word="stream">stream</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="anozzle">anozzle</span>. 后者打印头仅仅在一毫米远的位置把墨水微粒汇集在打印平面上，而气雾喷射技术会先把打印材料雾化为纳米级别的微小液滴，在气体护层下通过喷嘴进行精确聚集喷射， <span word="The">The</span> <span word="nozzle">nozzle</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="millimetres">millimetres</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="allowsirregular">allowsirregular</span> <span word="shapes">shapes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="coated">coated</span>. 这种喷嘴距离打印面5毫米或者更远，所以可以在不规则外形上进行打印。 <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nozzle">nozzle</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tray">tray</span> <span word="holding">holding</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="item">item</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="printed">printed</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="manipulated">manipulated</span> <span word="throughdifferent">throughdifferent</span> <span word="angles">angles</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="dimensional">dimensional</span> <span word="structures">structures</span>. 不管是喷嘴还是支撑被打印物体的托盘都可以在三维结构上通过改变角度进行操作， <span word="The">The</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="features">features</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hundredth">hundredth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="millimetre">millimetre</span> <span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="avariety">avariety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="materials">materials</span>. 比起动辄上百毫米的电子产品，该技术可以在多种材料上打印出更小的产品。 <span word="Instead">Instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="assembling">assembling</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="item">item</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="components">components</span>, 3<span word="D">D</span>-<span word="printed">printed</span> <span word="electronicsmake">electronicsmake</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="entire">entire</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="machine">machine</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Dave">Dave</span> <span word="Ramahi">Ramahi</span>, <span word="Optomec">Optomec</span> <span word="schief">schief</span> <span word="executive">executive</span>. 不必把多个单独的组件装配到一起，3<span word="D">D</span>电子印刷术使得用单一机器打印出整个产品成为可能，<span word="Optomec">Optomec</span> 首席执行官 <span word="Dave">Dave</span> <span word="Ramahi">Ramahi</span>说到。 <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="believes">believes</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="commercialised">commercialised</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="anevolutionary">anevolutionary</span> <span word="way">way</span>. 然而他认为该技术的使用还需要经历商业化的发展，也就是说在目前大批量生产的过程中只在特定阶段采用该技术， <span word="This">This</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="applying">applying</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="stages">stages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="mass">mass</span>-<span word="production">production</span> <span word="processes">processes</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="asprinting">asprinting</span> <span word="antennae">antennae</span> <span word="onto">onto</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span>-<span word="phone">phone</span> <span word="cases">cases</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="phones">phones</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="differentantennae">differentantennae</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="connect">connect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="radio">radio</span> <span word="networks">networks</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="forconventional">forconventional</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="inside">inside</span>. 比如在手机制造过程中印刷天线，因为很多手机采用不同的天线来接入不同的无线网络，这在传统电子产品内部会占用较大的空间。 <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="applications">applications</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="away">away</span>, <span word="adds">adds</span> <span word="MrRamahi">MrRamahi</span>. 他又补充说到，该技术的商业应用会在一年内实现。 <span word="So">So</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="phone">phone</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="gubbins">gubbins</span>? 打印一部电话到底有多困难? <span word="Optomec">Optomec</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="applications">applications</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="steps">steps</span>. <span word="Optomec">Optomec</span>正开发一些应用程序，它们可以提供一些必要的步骤。 <span word="Besides">Besides</span> <span word="antennae">antennae</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="edge">edge</span> <span word="circuits">circuits</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="screen">screen</span>, <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="dimensionalconnections">dimensionalconnections</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="chips">chips</span>, <span word="multiple">multiple</span>-<span word="layer">layer</span> <span word="circuits">circuits</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="touch">touch</span>-<span word="screen">screen</span> <span word="parts">parts</span>. 除了天线之外，它们还可以打印屏幕的边缘电路和联通芯片、多层电路板、触摸屏的三维连接器， <span word="It">It</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="battery">battery</span>. 甚至电池也可以被打印。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chips">chips</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>. 但是最大的挑战来自于芯片的打印， <span word="These">These</span> <span word="contain">contain</span> <span word="millions">millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="transistors">transistors</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="square">square</span> <span word="millimetre">millimetre</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="insilicon">insilicon</span>-<span word="fabrication">fabrication</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="costing">costing</span> $10 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="more">more</span>. 这里每平方毫米包含上百万个晶体管，并且目前可制造它的硅加设备价值100亿美元甚至更多， <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="embedding">embedding</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="circuitry">circuitry</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="phones">phones</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="slimmer">slimmer</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="asreducing">asreducing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="assembly">assembly</span>. 而植入电路意味着手机可以做的更加纤薄，同时也减少了原材料和装配的成本。 词语解释 1.<span word="bundle">bundle</span> <span word="of">of</span> 束 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="carried">carried</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="bundle">bundle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="papers">papers</span>. 他搬着一大捆报纸。 <span word="An">An</span> <span word="afghan">afghan</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="carried">carried</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bundle">bundle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wood">wood</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="kunduzprovince">kunduzprovince</span>. 昆都士省，一名阿富汗男子，扛着一捆木材。 2.<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> 例如;譬如;诸如 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="steps">steps</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="euro">euro</span> <span word="bonds">bonds</span>? 诸如欧元联盟之类的未来计划怎样? <span word="Imaginary">Imaginary</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="hiding">hiding</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. 像这样的臆想的问题通常隐藏真实性的。 3.<span word="use">use</span> <span word="to">to</span> 过去常常 <span word="Below">Below</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="strategies">strategies</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="negativeemotions">negativeemotions</span>. 下面介绍了一些不同的方法可以用来帮助您处理每一种负面情绪。 <span word="Mining">Mining</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="mercury">mercury</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="miners">miners</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="metal">metal</span> <span word="fromriver">fromriver</span> <span word="sediment">sediment</span>. 但开采者常用来从河沙中分离黄金的水银也导致了河水的污染。 4.<span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> 允许 <span word="Allow">Allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="freeze">freeze</span> <span word="solid">solid</span> <span word="for">for</span> 3-4 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="overnight">overnight</span>. 允许冻结3-4小时或隔夜固体。 <span word="Apply">Apply</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tube">tube</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="tacky">tacky</span>.</p>
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