胚胎干细胞
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Embryonic">Embryonic</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> 胚胎干细胞 <span word="Looking">Looking</span> <span word="up">up</span> 进展中的干细胞研究 <span word="Stem">Stem</span>-<span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="bearing">bearing</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> 干细胞研究开始结出硕果 <span word="FOURTEEN">FOURTEEN</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="James">James</span> <span word="Thomson">Thomson</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</span> <span word="isolated">isolated</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="fromhuman">fromhuman</span> <span word="embryos">embryos</span>. 十四年前，当威斯康辛大学的 <span word="James">James</span> <span word="Thomson">Thomson</span>从人类胚胎细胞中分离出干细胞时， <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span> <span word="moment">moment</span>. 人们无不为之欢呼雀跃。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="morph">morph</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="worn">worn</span>-<span word="out">out</span> <span word="ordamaged">ordamaged</span> <span word="tissues">tissues</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="repaired">repaired</span>, 这种细胞可分裂、转变成为各种器官、组织，因此或将被用于修复、 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="technique">technique</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="regenerativemedicine">regenerativemedicine</span>. 治疗损伤、病变的组织，这一技术被称为再生医疗。 <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="erratic">erratic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="controversial">controversial</span>. 但随后这一领域的发展呈现了不稳定性、胚胎细胞的来源问题也引发了社会争议。 <span word="But">But</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="prove">prove</span>, <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="been">been</span>. 但是这两篇新论文的发表，证明了干细胞研究取得了一定的进展。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Lancet">Lancet</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="inpeople">inpeople</span>. 本周《柳叶刀》刊出了胚胎干细胞应用于人体的临床实验的结果。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="follows">follows</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="disappointment">disappointment</span>. 人们对这样的消息常常都是失望： <span word="In">In</span> <span word="November">November</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="California">California</span> <span word="cancelled">cancelled</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="ofhuman">ofhuman</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="spinal">spinal</span> <span word="injuries">injuries</span>. 例如，去年11月，一家位于加州的公司取消了原定的首例人胚胎干细胞在脊髓损伤者身上的试验。 <span word="Steven">Steven</span> <span word="Schwartz">Schwartz</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="California">California</span>, <span word="Los">Los</span> <span word="Angeles">Angeles</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="claims">claims</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="intreating">intreating</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>: <span word="blindness">blindness</span>. 但是洛杉矶加州大学的<span word="Steven">Steven</span> <span word="Schwartz">Schwartz</span>说他在干细胞治疗其它疾病：如失明，就取得了一些成绩。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="research">research</span>, <span word="sponsored">sponsored</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Advanced">Advanced</span> <span word="Cell">Cell</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span>,<span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>. 他的研究是在先进细胞技术院的赞助下进行的，这家公司位于马萨诸塞州，两名病患参与了试验， <span word="One">One</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="age">age</span>-<span word="related">related</span> <span word="macular">macular</span> <span word="degeneration">degeneration</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="blindness">blindness</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>. 一位是老年性黄斑变性病患者，这是发达国家盲人病患常见的致盲原因。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="suffers">suffers</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Stargardt">Stargardt</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="macular">macular</span> <span word="dystrophy">dystrophy</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="children">children</span>. 另一位是隐性黄斑营养不良症患者，这是儿童致盲的主要原因。 <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Schwartz">Schwartz</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="coaxed">coaxed</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="retinal">retinal</span> <span word="pigmentepithelium">pigmentepithelium</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="supports">supports</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rod">rod</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cone">cone</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="light">light</span> 他的团队诱导胚胎干细胞成为视网膜色素上皮组织细胞-其中的杆细胞及锥晶细胞对光线敏感。 <span word="then">then</span> <span word="injected">injected</span> 50,000 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="eye">eye</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>, 然后给每个参试病患的眼睛内注射50,000单位的此种细胞， <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="bolster">bolster</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="supply">supply</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>. 希望这些细胞能在体内像原有细胞一样自然生长。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="qualified">qualified</span> <span word="success">success</span>. 结果相当成功。 <span word="First">First</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="foremost">foremost</span>, <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="adverse">adverse</span> <span word="reaction">reaction</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="riskwhen">riskwhen</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="body">body</span>. 首先，也是最重要的是，两位病患都没有对新移植的细胞产生排斥-这是移植异体组织常常要面临的风险。 <span word="Second">Second</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="vision">vision</span> <span word="restored">restored</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="degree">degree</span>, <span word="each">each</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="able">able</span>, <span word="four">four</span> <span word="monthsafter">monthsafter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span>, 其次，虽然两名患者的视力没有很大程度的恢复，但移植4个月后， <span word="to">to</span> <span word="distinguish">distinguish</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="letters">letters</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="alphabet">alphabet</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="beforehand">beforehand</span>. 与患病前相比，他们都能识别出更多视力表上的字母了。 <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Schwartz">Schwartz</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="technique">technique</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span>. <span word="Experimentaltreatments">Experimentaltreatments</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>. 但现在就确定的说<span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Schwartz">Schwartz</span>的技术很实用还为时尚早，失败的试验远比成功的案例更多。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>, <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Nature">Nature</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Lawrence">Lawrence</span> <span word="Goldstein">Goldstein</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="ofCalifornia">ofCalifornia</span>, <span word="San">San</span> <span word="Diego">Diego</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span>, 但由圣迭戈加州大学的 <span word="Lawrence">Lawrence</span> <span word="Goldstein">Goldstein</span>及其同事发表在《自然》杂志的这篇论文， <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span>. 也是我想说的第二篇论文，就能看出干细胞尽管还不能直接用于治疗，但已经相当好使了。 <span word="Since">Since</span> 2006 <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reprogram">reprogram</span> <span word="adult">adult</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="state">state</span>,<span word="using">using</span> <span word="proteins">proteins</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="transcription">transcription</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>. 自从2006年以来，研究人员已经能用一种称为转录因子的蛋白质分子将体细胞诱导成为类似胚胎细胞的干细胞， <span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="reprogrammed">reprogrammed</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>, <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="induced">induced</span> <span word="pluripotent">pluripotent</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>, <span word="might">might</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="daybe">daybe</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span>, 尽管这种诱导多潜能干细胞迟早会有一天能在再生医疗领域大展拳脚， <span word="their">their</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="illness">illness</span>. 但眼下，它们的价值则体现在对疾病的研究上，这是个很好的方法。 <span word="Using">Using</span> <span word="them">them</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="pure">pure</span> <span word="cultures">cultures</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="abody">abody</span>. 利用它们就能离体培养出与体内患病组织相同类型的细胞来。 <span word="Crucially">Crucially</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultured">cultured</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="genetically">genetically</span> <span word="identical">identical</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="diseased">diseased</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>. 关键是，这些培养出的细胞与患者的染病细胞在基因组成上是相同的。 <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Goldstein">Goldstein</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="iPS">iPS</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="Alzheimer">Alzheimer</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>. 因此,<span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Goldstein">Goldstein</span>将用<span word="iPS">iPS</span>来揭开阿尔茨海默症的病因。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="advanced">advanced</span> <span word="Alzheimer">Alzheimer</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="characterised">characterised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span>, 重症阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑内明显特征是,有一种称为淀粉样蛋白碎片的积淀物， <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="plaques">plaques</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="protein">protein</span>-<span word="fragment">fragment</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="beta">beta</span>-<span word="amyloid">amyloid</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="tangles">tangles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="secondprotein">secondprotein</span>, <span word="called">called</span> <span word="tau">tau</span>. 也是我们所称的斑块，与另一种蛋白的结团物。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="plaques">plaques</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tangles">tangles</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="unclear">unclear</span>. 但这些斑块和结团是何种关系还不明确。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="more">more</span>, <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Goldstein">Goldstein</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="people">people</span>: 为了深入研究， <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Goldstein">Goldstein</span>从6位病患身上取了组织： <span word="two">two</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="familial">familial</span> <span word="Alzheimer">Alzheimer</span> <span word="s">s</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rare">rare</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="mutation">mutation</span>; 2位是家族阿尔茨海默病患者-因较罕见的基因突变所引发的; <span word="two">two</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="sporadic">sporadic</span> <span word="Alzheimer">Alzheimer</span> <span word="s">s</span>, <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unknown">unknown</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="unaffectedindividuals">unaffectedindividuals</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="acted">acted</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="controls">controls</span>. 2位是散发性阿尔茨海默病患者-致病原因不详;2位是行动可控的未患病者。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="reprogrammed">reprogrammed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="collected">collected</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="iPS">iPS</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>, <span word="then">then</span> <span word="nudged">nudged</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>. 先将收集的体细胞诱导成<span word="iPS">iPS</span>,再用这些<span word="iPS">iPS</span>细胞转化神经细胞。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="Alzheimer">Alzheimer</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="lab">lab</span>-<span word="made">made</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="did">did</span>, 4位阿尔茨海默病患者中，3位的实验获得神经细胞中，表现出高水平的淀粉样蛋白和蛋白， <span word="indeed">indeed</span>, <span word="show">show</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="beta">beta</span>-<span word="amyloid">amyloid</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tau">tau</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="characteristic">characteristic</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thedisease">thedisease</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="enzyme">enzyme</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="GSK">GSK</span>3-<span word="beta">beta</span>. 并且，与此疾病相关的另一特征：一种称为<span word="GSK">GSK</span>3活性酶的水平也较高。 <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>, <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Goldstein">Goldstein</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="investigate">investigate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relationshipbetween">relationshipbetween</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span>. 于是，他将这三种神经细胞植入培养皿中培养，以发现三者之间的关系。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultured">cultured</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span>. 之后，他就能用药物来处理培养出的细胞。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="attacked">attacked</span> <span word="beta">beta</span>-<span word="amyloid">amyloid</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tauor">tauor</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="GSK">GSK</span>3-<span word="beta">beta</span>; 他发现用药物直接处理淀粉样蛋白并不能致使<span word="Tau">Tau</span>蛋白和<span word="GSK">GSK</span>3活性酶的水平降低; <span word="but">but</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="attacked">attacked</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="beta">beta</span>-<span word="amyloid">amyloid</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="precursor">precursor</span> <span word="molecules">molecules</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. 但如果用药物处理淀粉样蛋白的前体分子，效果就会很好。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="information">information</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pharmacological">pharmacological</span> <span word="assault">assault</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="diseasemight">diseasemight</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="directed">directed</span>. 这是很有价值的信息，能判断在哪里用药才能直达病灶。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="term">term</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span>, <span word="iPS">iPS</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="yield">yield</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="scientificvalue">scientificvalue</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Schwartz">Schwartz</span>, 在短期内，此类基于<span word="iPS">iPS</span>的研究在科学价值方面的意义远大于<span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Schwartz">Schwartz</span>进行的临床实验结果， <span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="treatments">treatments</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>. 因为他们的研究本身还不能用于治疗病患。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="will">will</span>, <span word="though">though</span>, <span word="require">require</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="pluripotent">pluripotent</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>. 不过，对多潜能干细胞的需求会与日俱增， <span word="And">And</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="firm">firm</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="selling">selling</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="billions">billions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="iPS">iPS</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span>. 至少有一家公司会源源不断的提供数十亿的<span word="iPS">iPS</span>细胞用于此类研究， <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="founder">founder</span>, <span word="appropriately">appropriately</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Thomson">Thomson</span>. 它的创始人正是<span word="Thomson">Thomson</span>. 词语解释 1.<span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="n">n</span>.干细胞 <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="right">right</span>-<span word="to">to</span>-<span word="life">life</span> <span word="convictions">convictions</span> <span word="extend">extend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cellresearch">cellresearch</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="opposes">opposes</span>. 她还反对干细胞研究，以表现她那泛滥的生存权信念。 <span word="Long">Long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="follow">follow</span>-<span word="up">up</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="allogeneic">allogeneic</span> <span word="hematopoieticstem">hematopoieticstem</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="transplantation">transplantation</span>. 异基因造血干细胞移植后的长期随访。 2.<span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> 临床试验 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="way">way</span>. 目前一较大规模的临床试验正在进行中。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="plans">plans</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="late">late</span>-<span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="lung">lung</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span>. 辉瑞计划马上开始对一种肺癌药物的最后阶段的临床试验。 3.<span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="to">to</span> 回应,反应 <span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="requests">requests</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="online">online</span> . 绝对不要响应那些在线要你提供个人或账户信息的请求。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="spokesman">spokesman</span> <span word="didn">didn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="requests">requests</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="comment">comment</span>. 该公司一位发言人没有回应记者的置评请求。 4.<span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="to">to</span> 保持 <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="evident">evident</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sorted">sorted</span> <span word="out">out</span>. 仍有些突出问题亟待解决。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="answered">answered</span>. 而最重要的问题仍然没有答案。</p>
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