通感
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Synaesthesia">Synaesthesia</span> 通感 <span word="Smells">Smells</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Beethoven">Beethoven</span> 闻起来像贝多芬 <span word="Using">Using</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="note">note</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="odour">odour</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="bemore">bemore</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="metaphor">metaphor</span> 用音符来描述气味可能并不仅仅是个隐喻 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="hear">hear</span>? 你闻到了什么? <span word="THAT">THAT</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="weird">weird</span> <span word="associations">associations</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="senses">senses</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="acknowledged">acknowledged</span> <span word="forover">forover</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="century">century</span>. 有些人的感觉之间存在着奇怪的联系，这种情况一百多年来已为世人所知; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="condition">condition</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="name">name</span>: <span word="synaesthesia">synaesthesia</span>. 它甚至还有了个名字，叫做通感。 <span word="Odd">Odd</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="gifted">gifted</span>, 也许常人会觉得奇怪， <span word="synaesthetes">synaesthetes</span> <span word="insist">insist</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="sounds">sounds</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="symbols">symbols</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="represent">represent</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="tospecific">tospecific</span> <span word="colours">colours</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="musical">musical</span> <span word="notes">notes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="hues">hues</span>. 通感者却坚持说听到说话的声音时，他们脑子里出现的是特殊的颜色，还会说每个音符都有自己的色彩。 <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="cross">cross</span>-<span word="modal">modal</span> <span word="association">association</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span>. 其实所有人可能都有点这种跨感官感知联合现象。 <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="loud">loud</span> <span word="sounds">sounds</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="brighter">brighter</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="soft">soft</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. 大多数人都同意响亮的声音比轻柔的声音亮些。 <span word="Likewise">Likewise</span>, <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="pitched">pitched</span> <span word="sounds">sounds</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="reminiscent">reminiscent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="objects">objects</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="pitched">pitched</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="evokesmallness">evokesmallness</span>. 同样，低音让人联想起宏大的物体，高音给人渺小的感觉。 <span word="Anne">Anne</span>-<span word="Sylvie">Sylvie</span> <span word="Crisinel">Crisinel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="Spence">Spence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Oxford">Oxford</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="truebetween">truebetween</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>. 牛津大学的<span word="Anne">Anne</span>-<span word="Sylvie">Sylvie</span> <span word="Crisinel">Crisinel</span>和<span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="Spence">Spence</span>认为，气味和声音之间也存在类似的联系。 <span word="Ms">Ms</span> <span word="Crisinel">Crisinel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Spence">Spence</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="odour">odour</span> <span word="sniffed">sniffed</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bottle">bottle</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="belinked">belinked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="pitch">pitch</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="instrument">instrument</span>. <span word="Ms">Ms</span> <span word="Crisinel">Crisinel</span> 和<span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Spence">Spence</span>想弄清楚瓶装的气味能否与特定的音调甚至乐器联系起来。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="out">out</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> 30 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inhale">inhale</span> 20 <span word="smellsranging">smellsranging</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="apple">apple</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="violet">violet</span> <span word="andwood">andwood</span> <span word="smokewhich">smokewhich</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="kit">kit</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="wine">wine</span>-<span word="tasting">tasting</span>. 为了找出答案，他们测试了30人，让每人吸入20种气味从苹果、紫罗兰的气味到木材烟尘这些气味来自品酒师教材。 <span word="After">After</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="sample">sample</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="sniff">sniff</span>, <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="click">click</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="through">through</span> 52 <span word="sounds">sounds</span> <span word="ofvarying">ofvarying</span> <span word="pitches">pitches</span>, <span word="played">played</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="piano">piano</span>, <span word="woodwind">woodwind</span>, <span word="string">string</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="brass">brass</span>, 在认真体味每种气味后，志愿者要从52种音调不同、 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="identify">identify</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="matched">matched</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>. 音色各异的声音中点选出听起来感觉与气味最相配的。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Chemical">Chemical</span> <span word="Senses">Senses</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="intriguing">intriguing</span>. 研究结果十分有趣，本月将被发表在《<span word="Chemical">Chemical</span> <span word="Senses">Senses</span>》杂志上。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="request">request</span> <span word="utterlyridiculous">utterlyridiculous</span>. 第一，研究者发现志愿者并不认为这项实验荒唐透顶。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="afterwards">afterwards</span>. 试验结束后，志愿者们说实验还是有点意义的。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="agreement">agreement</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span>. 第二，志愿者的意见有重要的共同点。 <span word="Sweet">Sweet</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sour">sour</span> <span word="smells">smells</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="rated">rated</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="higher">higher</span>-<span word="pitched">pitched</span>, <span word="smoky">smoky</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="woody">woody</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="aslower">aslower</span>-<span word="pitched">pitched</span>. 他们认为酸、甜的气味音调高，烟味和木头的气味音调低; <span word="Blackberry">Blackberry</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="raspberry">raspberry</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="piano">piano</span>. 黑莓味和覆盆子味闻起来很像钢琴， <span word="Vanilla">Vanilla</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="elements">elements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="piano">piano</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="woodwind">woodwind</span>. 香草味像钢琴和木管乐的混合体， <span word="Musk">Musk</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="brass">brass</span>. 麝香味则非常像铜管乐。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="employ">employ</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="musical">musical</span> <span word="senses">senses</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="theirassessment">theirassessment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>. 为什么人们会用乐感来帮助自己评价味道?答案并不能被立刻揭晓。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="assumed">assumed</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="isolation">isolation</span>. 但是科学已不再认为人的各种感觉之间没有联系了。 <span word="People">People</span> <span word="live">live</span>, <span word="say">say</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Spence">Spence</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Ms">Ms</span> <span word="Crisinel">Crisinel</span>, 博士<span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Spence">Spence</span>和<span word="Ms">Ms</span> <span word="Crisinel">Crisinel</span>说： <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="multisensory">multisensory</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="tirelessly">tirelessly</span> <span word="combine">combine</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="sources">sources</span> <span word="tomake">tomake</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="were">were</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="them">them</span>. 人们生活在这个世界上，万事万物会引起各种感觉。大脑似乎在不停地综合来自各方面的信息，判断周围发生的事情。 <span word="Nor">Nor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="restricted">restricted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>. 这种反应也不仅仅发生在人类身上。 <span word="Studies">Studies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mice">mice</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="olfaction">olfaction</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="react">react</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sound">sound</span>. 研究显示，老鼠大脑的嗅觉区同样会对声音做出反应。 <span word="Taste">Taste</span>, <span word="too">too</span>, <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hearing">hearing</span>. 味觉似乎也与听觉有关联。 <span word="Ms">Ms</span> <span word="Crisinel">Crisinel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Spence">Spence</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sweet">sweet</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sour">sour</span> <span word="tastes">tastes</span>, <span word="likesmells">likesmells</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="pitch">pitch</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="bitter">bitter</span> <span word="tastes">tastes</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="pitches">pitches</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>. 此前<span word="Ms">Ms</span> <span word="Crisinel">Crisinel</span>和<span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Spence">Spence</span>已经确定，酸味、甜味就像酸、甜的气味一样与高音相关;苦味则带来低音的感觉。 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="further">further</span>. 如今他们走得更远。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="alteringthe">alteringthe</span> <span word="pitch">pitch</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="instruments">instruments</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="background">background</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="alter">alter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="tastes">tastes</span>. 在今年计划发表的一项试验中，二人与同事揭示了背景音乐中乐器和音调的改变会如何引起食物味道的改变。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span>, <span word="each">each</span> <span word="volunteer">volunteer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="pieces">pieces</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="toffee">toffee</span>. 在这项试验中，每位志愿者得到了四块太妃糖。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="consumed">consumed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="two">two</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="accompaniment">accompaniment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="higher">higher</span>-<span word="pitched">pitched</span> <span word="pianopiece">pianopiece</span>. 他们在忧郁低沉的铜管乐声中吃掉两块，又听着音调较高的钢琴曲吃掉另外两块。 <span word="Volunteers">Volunteers</span> <span word="rated">rated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="toffee">toffee</span> <span word="eaten">eaten</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="pitched">pitched</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="bitter">bitter</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="consumedduring">consumedduring</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="pitched">pitched</span> <span word="rendition">rendition</span>. 志愿者评价说，音乐的音调低时吃的糖较苦，音调高时吃的糖较甜。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="toffee">toffee</span> <span word="was">was</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="course">course</span>, <span word="identical">identical</span>. 当然，所有的太妃糖都一样。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="tasted">tasted</span> <span word="different">different</span>. 声音才是尝起来味道不一样的东西。 词语解释 1.<span word="give">give</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="to">to</span> 引起，导致，造成 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="models">models</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="theindian">theindian</span> <span word="monsoon">monsoon</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="weaken">weaken</span>. 很多模式表明，引起印度季风的因素会削弱。 <span word="First">First</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="slump">slump</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="giverise">giverise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="protectionist">protectionist</span> <span word="policies">policies</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="tariffs">tariffs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="quotas">quotas</span>. 首先，在任何经济滑坡时期，担忧会轻易造成保护主义关税和配额政策的增多。 2.<span word="sniff">sniff</span> <span word="from">from</span> 闻 <span word="niff">niff</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottle">bottle</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fight">fight</span> <span word="melancholy">melancholy</span>. 直接从瓶中闻香，感受清新，对抗忧郁。 <span word="Mosquitoes">Mosquitoes</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="sniff">sniff</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="dinner">dinner</span> <span word="target">target</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> 40. 蚊子能从40英里之外嗅出合其口味的就餐目标。 3.<span word="link">link</span> <span word="to">to</span> 与连接， 联系 <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="google">google</span> <span word="docs">docs</span> <span word="file">file</span>. 只需给他们一个<span word="google">google</span> <span word="docs">docs</span>的文件链接。 </p>
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