重塑创意产业的TED
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 重塑创意产业的<span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="revolutionised">revolutionised</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="partby">partby</span> <span word="putting">putting</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="wine">wine</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="bottles">bottles</span> 旧瓶装新酒，<span word="TED">TED</span>颠覆创意产业 <span word="THE">THE</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="conference">conference</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1984 <span word="was">was</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="damp">damp</span> <span word="squib">squib</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="organisers">organisers</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="asecond">asecond</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="years">years</span>. 1984年的第一次<span word="TED">TED</span>大会办得非常失败，以至于其组织者6年后才举办第二场。 <span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Goliath">Goliath</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>. 而如今的<span word="TED">TED</span>是创业行业的龙头企业。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enterprise">enterprise</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="twice">twice</span>-<span word="yearly">yearly</span> <span word="conference">conference</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="arepresented">arepresented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="short">short</span>, <span word="punchy">punchy</span> <span word="talks">talks</span>. <span word="TED">TED</span>的核心产品就是两年一届的<span word="TED">TED</span>大会，大会由一些呈现优秀思想的短小精悍的演讲组成。 <span word="On">On</span> <span word="March">March</span> 17<span word="th">th</span>-21<span word="st">st</span>， 今年3月17-21日， <span word="around">around</span> 1,200 <span word="TEDsters">TEDsters</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="gather">gather</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Vancouver">Vancouver</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="Gates">Gates</span> <span word="andNicholas">andNicholas</span> <span word="Negroponte">Negroponte</span> <span word="celebrating">celebrating</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="s">s</span> 30<span word="th">th</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="thoughts">thoughts</span>. 将会约有1200<span word="TED">TED</span>爱好者聚集到温哥华庆祝<span word="TED">TED</span>成立30周年，届时会有像比尔盖茨或尼古拉斯尼葛洛庞帝这样的人物来分享一些伟大的思想。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="conference">conference</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="spawned">spawned</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="array">array</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span>, <span word="albeit">albeit</span> <span word="not">not</span>-<span word="for">for</span>-<span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. <span word="TED">TED</span>大会也催生出了一系列的企业，其中也不乏一些非盈利性的企业。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="organisation">organisation</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="warehouse">warehouse</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 1,700 <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="talks">talks</span>, <span word="atTED">atTED</span>.<span word="com">com</span>. <span word="TED">TED</span>在其网站<span word="TED">TED</span>.<span word="com">com</span>上建立了一个电子仓库，储存了1700多长以往的演讲视频。 <span word="These">These</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="far">far</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="watched">watched</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 2 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="times">times</span>. 迄今为止，这些免费的视频已经被观看了将近200万次。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="generated">generated</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="movement">movement</span>: <span word="TED">TED</span>还催生了一个大规模活动： <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 9,000 <span word="TED">TED</span>-<span word="like">like</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="TEDx">TEDx</span> <span word="in">in</span> 150 <span word="or">or</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="countriessince">countriessince</span> 2009. 自2009年以来，来自150多个国家的志愿者举行了超过9000场类似<span word="TED">TED</span>，他们自己称之为<span word="TEDx">TEDx</span>的活动。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="prize">prize</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="fellowship">fellowship</span> <span word="programme">programme</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="e">e</span>-<span word="books">books</span>. <span word="TED">TED</span>还设立了一个<span word="TED">TED</span>奖，<span word="TED">TED</span>奖学金计划和一个电子书计划。它同时也成为了世界上重要的造星工场： <span word="And">And</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="star">star</span>-<span word="making">making</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span>: 一旦被受邀至<span word="TED">TED</span>演讲，一个名不见经传的学者可以变身学界明星， <span word="an">an</span> <span word="invitation">invitation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="obscure">obscure</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="superstar">superstar</span> <span word="guru">guru</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="astruggling">astruggling</span> <span word="journalist">journalist</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="celebrated">celebrated</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>. 一个艰难谋生的小记者也可能成为知名作家。 <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="inevitably">inevitably</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="backlash">backlash</span>. 如此巨大的成功自然会招来强烈的抵制。 <span word="Critics">Critics</span> <span word="dismiss">dismiss</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Starbucks">Starbucks</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="life">life</span>. 批评者对<span word="TED">TED</span>嗤之以鼻，把它称作知识生活中的星巴克。 <span word="Evgeny">Evgeny</span> <span word="Morozov">Morozov</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="pundit">pundit</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="ludicrous">ludicrous</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="littlesinister">littlesinister</span>. 尤金摩洛所夫，一位科技界的公共权威，说<span word="TED">TED</span>已经变成了一个荒唐荒唐可笑，有点邪乎的东西。 <span word="Benjamin">Benjamin</span> <span word="Bratton">Bratton</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sociologist">sociologist</span>, <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="recipe">recipe</span> <span word="forcivilisational">forcivilisational</span> <span word="disaster">disaster</span>. 社会学家本杰明布莱顿则说<span word="TED">TED</span>会造成文明世界的灾难， <span word="In">In</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="middlebrow">middlebrow</span>, <span word="megachurch">megachurch</span> <span word="infotainment">infotainment</span>. 在他看来，<span word="TED">TED</span>实际上代表的是通俗，大教派，资讯娱乐。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Onion">Onion</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="satirical">satirical</span> <span word="website">website</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="series">series</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Onion">Onion</span> <span word="talks">talks</span> <span word="including">including</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="whereall">whereall</span> <span word="robots">robots</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="penises">penises</span>. 讽刺网站《洋葱报》制作了一系列洋葱脱口秀，其中一期名为在未来，每个机器人都会有铅笔 。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="certainly">certainly</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="criticisms">criticisms</span>: 这些批评也不是全无道理： <span word="any">any</span> <span word="organisation">organisation</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="invites">invites</span> <span word="Sting">Sting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="its">its</span> 30<span word="th">th</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="danger">danger</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="jumping">jumping</span> <span word="theshark">theshark</span>. 任何一个邀请斯汀参加其三十周年庆典的组织都可能会有走下坡路的危险。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="criticism">criticism</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="tempered">tempered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="admiration">admiration</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="achieved">achieved</span>. 但是，那些对于<span word="TED">TED</span>所取得成就的赞誉中和了这些批评。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="weakness">weakness</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="celebrities">celebrities</span>. 的确，<span word="TED">TED</span>很钟爱名人， <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lights">lights</span> <span word="hidden">hidden</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="bushels">bushels</span>: 但它也发掘了大量被埋没的人才 ： <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="viewed">viewed</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="video">video</span>, <span word="with">with</span> 25<span word="m">m</span> <span word="downloads">downloads</span>, <span word="features">features</span> <span word="Ken">Ken</span> <span word="Robinson">Robinson</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="once">once</span>-<span word="obscureBritish">obscureBritish</span> <span word="educationalist">educationalist</span>. 被观看次数最多的，下载量高达2500万次的<span word="TED">TED</span>视频的主角，便是一个一度默默无闻的教育家肯罗宾逊。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="shrinks">shrinks</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="bite">bite</span>-<span word="like">like</span> <span word="chunks">chunks</span>. 虽然<span word="TED">TED</span>把一些的宏大思想都极度压缩了， <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="demonstrated">demonstrated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>. 但它也证明了这些思想具有巨大的市场。 <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="disruptive">disruptive</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span>. <span word="TED">TED</span>可以说是破坏式创新的典范： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="overcrowded">overcrowded</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="flex">flex</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="muscles">muscles</span>. 当<span word="TED">TED</span>崭露头角的时候，创意行业的市场已然饱和。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="BBC">BBC</span> <span word="rejected">rejected</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ground">ground</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span>. <span word="BBC">BBC</span>曾拒绝转播早期<span word="TED">TED</span>的现场演讲，理由是其太过深奥。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="rewritten">rewritten</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>. 但是，<span word="TED">TED</span>现在已经更改了规则。 <span word="Conference">Conference</span> <span word="regulars">regulars</span> <span word="compare">compare</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="pabulum">pabulum</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Davos">Davos</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="theintellectual">theintellectual</span> <span word="sustenance">sustenance</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="receive">receive</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="TED">TED</span>. <span word="TED">TED</span>大会的常客们拿达沃斯论坛和<span word="TED">TED</span>做对比，他们说前者提供的企业方面的内容简单乏味，而<span word="TED">TED</span>提供的才是有用的精神食粮。 <span word="Businesses">Businesses</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="hire">hire</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="in">in</span>-<span word="house">house</span> <span word="conferences">conferences</span>. 现在，企业会雇<span word="TED">TED</span>帮助其举办内部会议， <span word="Publishers">Publishers</span> <span word="compete">compete</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sign">sign</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="speakers">speakers</span>. 出版商也竞相与<span word="TED">TED</span>的演讲者签约。 <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="advance">advance</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="art">art</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lecturing">lecturing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decade">decade</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="Oxford">Oxford</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="hasdone">hasdone</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="years">years</span>. 在革新演讲艺术方面，<span word="TED">TED</span>在十年内做出的贡献，比牛津大学一千以年来做出的更大。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="disruption">disruption</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Chris">Chris</span> <span word="Anderson">Anderson</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="journalist">journalist</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="entrepreneurwho">entrepreneurwho</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="curator">curator</span>. 曾经是一名资讯工作者的克里斯安德森便是这场创新运动的核心人物，他称自己是<span word="TED">TED</span>的守护人。 <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Anderson">Anderson</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="publishing">publishing</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="magazines">magazines</span>. 安德森通过出版计算机和商业杂志积累了财富。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2001 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cult">cult</span> <span word="conference">conference</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="multimediaphenomenon">multimediaphenomenon</span>, 他在2001年买下了<span word="TED">TED</span>并在那时就开始将这个小众的集会转变为一种媒体现象。 <span word="by">by</span> <span word="bringing">bringing</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="best">best</span>: 在此过程中他把他最熟悉的两个领域的知识。 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journalistic">journalistic</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="storytelling">storytelling</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="tech">tech</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="disruptive">disruptive</span> <span word="change">change</span>. 资讯界的的讲故事的技巧和科技界的破坏式创新的理念结合了起来。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="provided">provided</span> <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pipeline">pipeline</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="polishedoutput">polishedoutput</span>. 他还在为<span word="TED">TED</span>创造一个强大商业模式的同时，也建立了一个输出高质内容的渠道。 <span word="TED">TED</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shrewd">shrewd</span> <span word="combination">combination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="paid">paid</span>-<span word="for">for</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="products">products</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latterbeing">latterbeing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="generate">generate</span> <span word="buzz">buzz</span>. <span word="TED">TED</span>巧妙地将付费和免费结合在了一起，这也造成了近来的轰动效应。 <span word="Tickets">Tickets</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="five">five</span>-<span word="day">day</span> <span word="conferences">conferences</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> $6,000. 如果要买下一场为期五天的<span word="TED">TED</span>大会的所有门票，你至少得花6000美元。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="sells">sells</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ever">ever</span>-<span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="array">array</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="TED">TED</span>-<span word="branded">branded</span> <span word="products">products</span>. <span word="TED">TED</span>的产品线还在日益增长。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="generous">generous</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="capital">capital</span>， 但是<span word="TED">TED</span>对待其知识资产却是毫不吝啬， <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="videos">videos</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="internet">internet</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="granting">granting</span> <span word="licences">licences</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enthusiasts">enthusiasts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stageTEDx">stageTEDx</span> <span word="events">events</span>. 它不仅在网上免费发布它的视频，还为<span word="TED">TED</span>的狂热爱好者举行的<span word="TEDx">TEDx</span>颁发许可。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="ensure">ensure</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="sends">sends</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="speakers">speakers</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="tablet">tablet</span> <span word="engraved">engraved</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="TEDCommandments">TEDCommandments</span>, <span word="starting">starting</span> <span word="with">with</span>: 为保证演讲的质量，<span word="TED">TED</span>给其演讲者都定下了<span word="TED">TED</span>戒律，第一条便是 <span word="Thou">Thou</span> <span word="shalt">shalt</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="trot">trot</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="thy">thy</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="schtick">schtick</span>. 勿施黔驴之技。 <span word="Talks">Talks</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="just">just</span> 18 <span word="minutesLong">minutesLong</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="holdpeople">holdpeople</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="attention">attention</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Anderson">Anderson</span> <span word="puts">puts</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 安德森规定演讲的长度不能超过18分钟既足够用来讲严肃的问题，也至于太长使人厌烦。</p>
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