玻璃天花板指数
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="work">work</span> 女性和工作 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="glass">glass</span>-<span word="ceiling">ceiling</span> <span word="index">index</span> 玻璃天花板指数 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="bestand">bestand</span> <span word="worstplaces">worstplaces</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="workingwoman">workingwoman</span> 职场女性待遇最好和最差的国家 <span word="AS">AS</span> <span word="IT">IT</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="International">International</span> <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Day">Day</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="March">March</span> 8<span word="th">th</span>, <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Economist">Economist</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="glass">glass</span>-<span word="ceilingindex">ceilingindex</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="chances">chances</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="work">work</span>. 今天是3月8日国际妇女节，《经济学人》就创造了一个玻璃天花板指数模型来向大家展示哪个地区的职场女性拥有最公平的待遇。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="combines">combines</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="education">education</span>, <span word="labour">labour</span>-<span word="force">force</span> <span word="participation">participation</span>, <span word="pay">pay</span>, <span word="child">child</span>-<span word="care">care</span> <span word="costs">costs</span>,<span word="maternity">maternity</span> <span word="rights">rights</span>, <span word="business">business</span>-<span word="school">school</span> <span word="applications">applications</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="representation">representation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>. 这个模型中考虑到的指标有：高等教育、劳工参与度、薪酬、抚养子女的成本、孕妇权利、商学院申请、以及在高级职务中的表现。 <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="score">score</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="weighted">weighted</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="nine">nine</span> <span word="indicators">indicators</span>. 每个国家的得分是这九项指标加权平均之后的结果。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span>, <span word="Nordic">Nordic</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="educational">educational</span> <span word="attainment">attainment</span> <span word="andlabour">andlabour</span>-<span word="force">force</span> <span word="participation">participation</span>. 毫无疑问的是，北欧国家在受教育水平和劳工参与度这两项指标上非常突出。 <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="represented">represented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="parliaments">parliaments</span>; <span word="Finland">Finland</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Sweden">Sweden</span> <span word="wereamong">wereamong</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="vote">vote</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="election">election</span>. 女性在国会中也能享受相对较高的代表权;芬兰和瑞典都属于最先让女性享有选举权的国家。 <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="work">work</span>. 然而即使这样，这儿的女性在应对相似的工作时拿到的薪酬也比男性要低。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Finland">Finland</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Sweden">Sweden</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gap">gap</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="OECD">OECD</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="of">of</span> 15%, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Norway">Norway</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="hasfallen">hasfallen</span> <span word="to">to</span> 8%. 在芬兰和瑞典，男女收入差异已经接近经合组织收入平均水平的15%， 而在挪威男女收入差异仅仅只有8%。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Finland">Finland</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="accounted">accounted</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="GMAT">GMAT</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="entrance">entrance</span> <span word="examfor">examfor</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="schools">schools</span>, <span word="in">in</span> 2012-13. 在芬兰，2012年至2013年参与<span word="GMAT">GMAT</span>考试的考生中有一大半是女性。 <span word="Worldwide">Worldwide</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="was">was</span> 43%, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="points">points</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decade">decade</span>. 在全世界来看，这一比例达到了43%，比10年前上升了五个百分点。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Norway">Norway</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="fifths">fifths</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="listed">listed</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="women">women</span>,<span word="thanks">thanks</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="introduction">introduction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mandatory">mandatory</span> <span word="quotas">quotas</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2008. 在挪威，最大的上市公司董事会中几乎有五分之二是女性，造成这一现象的很大一部分原因是2008年的强制配额。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="Union">Union</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="considering">considering</span> <span word="bringing">bringing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="quotas">quotas</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="thecurrent">thecurrent</span> <span word="voluntary">voluntary</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="fails">fails</span>. 该比例已经是欧盟的两倍了。欧盟表示，如果现行的自愿方式无法奏效的话，他们将会考虑引用强制配额。 <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottom">bottom</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="index">index</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span>. 在指数列表低端的是日本和韩国。 <span word="Too">Too</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>, <span word="few">few</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="andpay">andpay</span> <span word="gaps">gaps</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="largein">largein</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span>, <span word="at">at</span> 37%, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="OECD">OECD</span>. 在这两个国家，职场女性人数相当少，在高级职务和董事会成员中也少有女性的身影。并且，韩国男女收入差距在经合组织中是最高的，达到了37%。 <span word="If">If</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="UN">UN</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="equality">equality</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="both">both</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="wayto">wayto</span> <span word="go">go</span>. 如果用联合国的话来说，对于女性而言，平等意味着在各方面都有进步，那么这两个国家都还有很长的路要走。 词语解释 1.<span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> 允许 <span word="Allow">Allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="freeze">freeze</span> <span word="solid">solid</span> <span word="for">for</span> 3-4 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="overnight">overnight</span>. 允许冻结3-4小时或隔夜固体。 <span word="Apply">Apply</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tube">tube</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="becometacky">becometacky</span>. 在内胎上涂抹胶水并让它发粘。 2.<span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="for">for</span> 代表;为而奋斗;拥护 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1980<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="germans">germans</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="un">un</span>-<span word="dutch">dutch</span>. 到了80年代，德国人变成了一切荷兰人不认可的东西的代表。 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="liberal">liberal</span>, <span word="democratic">democratic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="republic">republic</span>. 而现在它们代表着一个自由、民主和成功的共和政体。 3.<span word="fall">fall</span> <span word="to">to</span> 开始;落到 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="honor">honor</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="fall">fall</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="glenn">glenn</span> 11 <span word="months">months</span> <span word="later">later</span>. 这项荣耀11个月后落到了格伦头上。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="projections">projections</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="un">un</span> <span word="assumed">assumed</span> <span word="fertility">fertility</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="wouldeventually">wouldeventually</span> <span word="fall">fall</span> <span word="to">to</span> 1.85. 这就是联合国以前发布的人口展望报告中，预测所有国家的人口生育率最终都将下降到1.85的原因。 4.<span word="thanks">thanks</span> <span word="to">to</span> 幸亏，多亏，由于 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="thanks">thanks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="impressive">impressive</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span>-<span word="money">money</span> <span word="revolution">revolution</span>. 实在多亏了肯尼亚引人注目的手机钱包改革。 <span word="Pornographers">Pornographers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span>, <span word="thanks">thanks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>. 由于科技的作用，色情作品作者将陷入更大的麻烦。</p>
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