肯尼迪最后的日子
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="John">John</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="days">days</span> 肯尼迪最后的日子 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="wept">wept</span> 整个美国为之哭泣 <span word="JFK">JFK</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="Hundred">Hundred</span> <span word="Days">Days</span>: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Transformation">Transformation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="aMan">aMan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Emergence">Emergence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="President">President</span>. 肯尼迪的最后百天：一个男人的转变，一位伟大总统的诞生 <span word="FOR">FOR</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="age">age</span>, <span word="memories">memories</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="November">November</span> 22<span word="nd">nd</span> 1963 <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="painful">painful</span>. 对于那个年代的美国人来说，1963年11月22日的记忆是沉痛的。 <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="dashing">dashing</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="president">president</span>, <span word="John">John</span> <span word="Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="assassinated">assassinated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span>. 他们年轻而又风度翩翩的总统，约翰杰茨弗拉德?肯尼迪在达拉斯市遭到暗杀。 <span word="Shock">Shock</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mourning">mourning</span> <span word="ensued">ensued</span>. 这个消息让人为之一震，人们纷纷悲恸哀悼。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="loss">loss</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="steadily">steadily</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thejob">thejob</span>. 肯尼迪在工作上的表现蒸蒸日上，因此他的逝去让人们感到惋惜。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="marked">marked</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ignominious">ignominious</span> <span word="Bay">Bay</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Pigs">Pigs</span>, <span word="his">his</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ejectFidel">ejectFidel</span> <span word="Castro">Castro</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Cuba">Cuba</span>. 他执政的第一年因猪湾事件将菲德尔?卡斯特罗驱逐出古巴的失败尝试而蒙羞。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="later">later</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Cuban">Cuban</span> <span word="missile">missile</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Soviet">Soviet</span> <span word="Union">Union</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="theterrifying">theterrifying</span> <span word="brink">brink</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="war">war</span>. 一年半之后，古巴导弹危机将美国和苏联推向核战争的边缘。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="autumn">autumn</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1963, <span word="Thurston">Thurston</span> <span word="Clarke">Clarke</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="days">days</span>,<span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="begun">begun</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="realise">realise</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="president">president</span> . 瑟斯顿克拉克在他《肯尼迪最后的时光》这本书里谈论道，1963年的秋天，肯尼迪已经开始意识到他作为一个男人和一位总统的责任。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="rising">rising</span>. 他的自信心倍增。 <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="narrowly">narrowly</span> <span word="avoided">avoided</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="war">war</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="peace">peace</span>. 微妙地避开了核战争的爆发，他希望和平。 <span word="Finding">Finding</span> <span word="like">like</span>-<span word="mindedness">mindedness</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Nikita">Nikita</span> <span word="Khrushchev">Khrushchev</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Soviet">Soviet</span> <span word="leader">leader</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="secured">secured</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="treaty">treaty</span> <span word="thatbanned">thatbanned</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="atmosphere">atmosphere</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="underwater">underwater</span>. 在这一点上他和苏联领导人尼基塔?赫鲁晓夫的观点并无二致。他确立了一项部分禁止核试验条约，条约中禁止在太空和水下进行核试验。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span>, <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nation">nation</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="war">war</span>. 肯尼迪向美国民众宣称，这个条约的签署离战争又远了一步。 <span word="Vietnam">Vietnam</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="dominated">dominated</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="months">months</span>. 在最后的几个月里，越南也是他的心头之忧。 <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="half">half</span>-<span word="heartedly">heartedly</span> <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="coup">coup</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="toppled">toppled</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="Ngo">Ngo</span> <span word="Dinh">Dinh</span> <span word="Diem">Diem</span>, <span word="theSouth">theSouth</span> <span word="Vietnamese">Vietnamese</span> <span word="leader">leader</span>, <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Americanpresence">Americanpresence</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="avoid">avoid</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="quagmire">quagmire</span> <span word="there">there</span>. 尽管他并无决心支持发动一场政变，颠覆南越政权并杀死领导人吴廷琰，但是肯尼迪似乎意在减少美国在越南投入的兵力，避免泥足深陷。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="too">too</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="civil">civil</span> <span word="rights">rights</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="race">race</span>. 另外，他在公民权利和太空竞赛方面也投入了精力。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="re">re</span>-<span word="election">election</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="laid">laid</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="groundwork">groundwork</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="secret">secret</span> <span word="talks">talks</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="MrCastro">MrCastro</span>. 他开始筹划连任，甚至为与卡斯特罗的密谈做了准备工作。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="glamorous">glamorous</span> <span word="wife">wife</span>, <span word="Jacqueline">Jacqueline</span>, <span word="also">also</span> <span word="improved">improved</span>. 他同他漂亮迷人的妻子，杰奎琳的关系也有所改善。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="August">August</span> 1963 <span word="their">their</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="son">son</span>, <span word="Patrick">Patrick</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="prematurely">prematurely</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="days">days</span>. 1963年8月他们的第二个儿子，帕特里克早产并在几天后夭折。 <span word="After">After</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Clarke">Clarke</span> <span word="shows">shows</span>, <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="solicitous">solicitous</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="wife">wife</span>. 克拉克觉得从那以后，肯尼迪对妻子多了些关怀。 <span word="Evidently">Evidently</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="reckless">reckless</span> <span word="womanising">womanising</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="lastedwill">lastedwill</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="known">known</span>. 很明显的是他没有再流连于女色，虽然这个做法有没有持久下去我们不得而知。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="re">re</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 我觉得我们都在努力。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="re">re</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="couple">couple</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="lady">lady</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fateful">fateful</span> <span word="tripto">tripto</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span>. 使我们逐渐回到原来那种亲密的关系，这是那次命运攸关的达拉斯之行前，第一夫人这样对她朋友说道。 <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="lifelong">lifelong</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="diminished">diminished</span>. 困扰肯尼迪终生的健康问题也有所好转。 <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Clarke">Clarke</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="storyteller">storyteller</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="accountone">accountone</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="JFK">JFK</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="timed">timed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> 50<span word="thanniversary">thanniversary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assassinationoffers">assassinationoffers</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="enjoyable">enjoyable</span> <span word="snapshot">snapshot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span>-<span word="to">to</span>-<span word="day">day</span> <span word="workingsof">workingsof</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="presidency">presidency</span>. 克拉克是一位优秀的作者，他的著作众多纪念肯尼迪遇刺50周年书籍中的一本生动地介绍了总统的日常工作。 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="sees">sees</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="holding">holding</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Kentucky">Kentucky</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="finds">finds</span> <span word="himromping">himromping</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="children">children</span>, <span word="Caroline">Caroline</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="John">John</span>. 在某个时刻，肯尼迪在肯塔基州召开关于贫困问题的会议，下一幕你会发现他同女儿凯若琳，儿子小约翰在一起玩耍。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="format">format</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="affords">affords</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="glimpses">glimpses</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="views">views</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spacerace">spacerace</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="South">South</span>-<span word="East">East</span> <span word="Asia">Asia</span>. 书中还有肯尼迪对诸如太空竞赛此类问题的看法。并且逐渐撤出东南亚。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="core">core</span> <span word="argumentthat">argumentthat</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="final">final</span> 100 <span word="daysis">daysis</span> <span word="notentirely">notentirely</span> <span word="persuasive">persuasive</span>. 这本书的核心内容是在他最后的100天里，肯尼迪活出了自我这一点并不完全具有说服力。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="triumph">triumph</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="averted">averted</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Cuban">Cuban</span> <span word="missilecrisis">missilecrisis</span>. 他最大的功绩是在处理古巴导弹危机时，避免了核战争的爆发。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="test">test</span>-<span word="ban">ban</span> <span word="treaty">treaty</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="significant">significant</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="war">war</span>-<span word="weary">weary</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span>. 禁止核试验条约意义重大，它给冷战时期厌战的美国人带来了希望。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="sustained">sustained</span> <span word="improvements">improvements</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="marriage">marriage</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="health">health</span>,<span word="and">and</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="civil">civil</span>-<span word="rights">rights</span> <span word="bill">bill</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="Southern">Southern</span> <span word="segregationists">segregationists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Congress">Congress</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="clear">clear</span>-<span word="cut">cut</span>. 但肯尼迪的婚姻和健康状况是否有了持久的改善，是否在国会通过了反对南方种族隔离的民权法案，就不得而知了。 <span word="Ultimately">Ultimately</span>, <span word="finishing">finishing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="despised">despised</span>. 最后，重任落在了为肯尼迪所不齿的一个身上。 <span word="Vice">Vice</span>-<span word="President">President</span> <span word="Lyndon">Lyndon</span> <span word="Johnson">Johnson</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="leader">leader</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Senate">Senate</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="disparaged">disparaged</span> <span word="bythe">bythe</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="White">White</span> <span word="House">House</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Old">Old</span> <span word="Lyin">Lyin</span> <span word="Down">Down</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Uncle">Uncle</span> <span word="Cornpone">Cornpone</span>. 副总统林登?约翰逊，曾经的参议院多数党领袖，肯尼迪政府戏称他为<span word="Old">Old</span> <span word="Lyin">Lyin</span> <span word="Down">Down</span>，和玉米饼大叔。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="shot">shot</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ambitious">ambitious</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="ruthless">ruthless</span> <span word="Texan">Texan</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reins">reins</span> <span word="andpushed">andpushed</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="host">host</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="initiatives">initiatives</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="bill">bill</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="banneddiscrimination">banneddiscrimination</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="places">places</span>. 但在肯尼迪遇刺后，这个胸怀大志，并且冷酷无情的德州人执掌大权，推动了肯尼迪定下的议程，包括一项在学校及其他公共场合反对种族歧视的法案，约翰逊还将美国势力更加深入越南。 <span word="Johnson">Johnson</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nation">nation</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="Vietnam">Vietnam</span>. <span word="Had">Had</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="livedhad">livedhad</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="last">last</span> 100 <span word="days">days</span> <span word="inoffice">inoffice</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1968-69, <span word="not">not</span> 1963<span word="things">things</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="different">different</span>. 如果肯尼迪还活着，他在任的最后100天是在1968和1969年间，不是在1963年，事情将会变得大相径庭。 第 2 页：词语解释 1.<span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="to">to</span> 确定 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fulfil">fulfil</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 我们决定提前完成任务。 <span word="Describes">Describes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="degreereflection">degreereflection</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="discover">discover</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="informationand">informationand</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="types">types</span>. 描述用于确定反射是否适合用于了解类型信息和访问类型的规则。 2.<span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="war">war</span> 核战争 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="predict">predict</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="war">war</span>? 你认为会发生核战争吗? <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="seek">seek</span> <span word="peace">peace</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="idly">idly</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="nations">nations</span> <span word="arm">arm</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="war">war</span>. 希望和平的人不可在一些国家为发动核战争建立军备时袖手旁观。 3.<span word="step">step</span> <span word="away">away</span> 远离 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="success">success</span>. 我们离成功只有一步之遥。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="represent">represent</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="awaited">awaited</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="intel">intel</span>-<span word="only">only</span> <span word="strategy">strategy</span>. 这将是人们期待已久的转变其纯英特尔战略的第一步。 4.<span word="space">space</span> <span word="race">race</span> 太空竞赛 <span word="Winning">Winning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="continued">continued</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="drive">drive</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="apollo">apollo</span> <span word="program">program</span>. 赢得太空竞赛不断推动着阿波罗计划的实施。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="favoured">favoured</span> <span word="post">post</span>-<span word="war">war</span> <span word="model">model</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="america">america</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="race">race</span>. 这一模式在战后风行一时，尤其在太空竞赛时为美国所采用。</p>
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