蜂群崩坏症候群
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Colony">Colony</span> <span word="collapse">collapse</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span> 蜂群崩坏症候群 <span word="Bee">Bee</span> <span word="off">off</span> 蜂群崩坏 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="beehives">beehives</span> <span word="sometimesvanish">sometimesvanish</span> 有可能解释清楚为什么蜂群有时会突然死亡 <span word="HONEYBEES">HONEYBEES</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="sensitive">sensitive</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span>. 蜜蜂是一种敏感的生物， <span word="From">From</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hive">hive</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ghost">ghost</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="vanishes">vanishes</span>. 时不时就有蜂巢凭空消失。 <span word="Colony">Colony</span> <span word="collapse">collapse</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="since">since</span>2006. 这种现象被称为蜂群崩坏症候群，自2006年开始就愈发严重了。 <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="beekeepers">beekeepers</span> <span word="worry">worry</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="aneffect">aneffect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="agriculture">agriculture</span>. 有些养蜂人担心这会使得他们的生意难以维持下去，甚至会对农业造成影响。 <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="crops">crops</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="bees">bees</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pollinate">pollinate</span> <span word="them">them</span>. 因为很多庄稼依靠蜜蜂授粉。 <span word="Climate">Climate</span> <span word="change">change</span>, <span word="habitat">habitat</span> <span word="destruction">destruction</span>, <span word="pesticides">pesticides</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="aspossible">aspossible</span> <span word="causes">causes</span>. 气候变化、栖息地被破坏、杀虫剂的使用和疾病都是可能的原因。但 <span word="Nothing">Nothing</span>, <span word="though">though</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="proved">proved</span>. 是尚无一个得到证实。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>, <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Naturwissenschaften">Naturwissenschaften</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Jeff">Jeff</span> <span word="Pettis">Pettis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bee">Bee</span> <span word="ResearchLaboratory">ResearchLaboratory</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beltsville">Beltsville</span>, <span word="Maryland">Maryland</span>, 最新的想法刊登在《自然科学》杂志上，作者是位于马里兰贝茨维尔的蜜蜂研究实验室的杰夫佩蒂斯， <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="involved">involved</span>. 他说可能的原因也许不止一个。 <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Pettis">Pettis</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pesticide">pesticide</span>, 佩蒂斯博士和他的同事们从之前的报告中得知接触到一种杀虫剂, <span word="called">called</span> <span word="imidacloprid">imidacloprid</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="honeybees">honeybees</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="things">things</span>， 这种叫做吡虫啉的会影响蜜蜂的学习能力， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wondered">wondered</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="causing">causing</span> <span word="other">other</span>, <span word="less">less</span> <span word="noticeable">noticeable</span>, <span word="damage">damage</span>. 他们怀疑这种杀虫剂还对蜜蜂造成其他不太明显的伤害。 <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="collapse">collapse</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="varietyand">varietyand</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="load">load</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="parasites">parasites</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pathogens">pathogens</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span>, 要死亡的蜂群有一个共同点，就是蜂群里所含的寄生虫和病原体的种类和数量比一般蜂群的都多， <span word="they">they</span> <span word="wondered">wondered</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="weakening">weakening</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="insects">insects</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="systems">systems</span>, 他们特别怀疑是吡虫啉削弱了蜜蜂的免疫系统， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="allowing">allowing</span> <span word="infections">infections</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hive">hive</span>. 进而使得传染病在蜂巢里扩散开来。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="out">out</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> 20 <span word="hives">hives</span> <span word="protein">protein</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> 20 <span word="ppb">ppb</span>. 为了证实猜测，佩蒂斯博士和同事们把加了吡虫啉的蛋白食物喂给20个蜂群。 <span word="Previous">Previous</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="dose">dose</span> <span word="perceptibly">perceptibly</span> <span word="harms">harms</span> <span word="bees">bees</span>. 之前的实验显示这两种剂量对蜜蜂都没有明显的伤害。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="hives">hives</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="unspiked">unspiked</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="control">control</span>. 还有10个蜂群作为控制组，喂给它们的食物未加杀虫剂。 <span word="Then">Then</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="bees">bees</span> <span word="emerged">emerged</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="later">later</span>, 几周后，幼蜂出生， <span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Pettis">Pettis</span> <span word="collected">collected</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fed">fed</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="spores">spores</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fungal">fungal</span> <span word="parasite">parasite</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="Nosema">Nosema</span>. 佩蒂斯博士把它们收集起来，喂给它们真菌寄生虫小孢子虫的孢子。 <span word="Twelve">Twelve</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="later">later</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extent">extent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="infestation">infestation</span>. 12天后，他把这些幼蜂都杀了并测量它们体内感染程度。 <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="exposed">exposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="imidacloprid">imidacloprid</span> <span word="harboured">harboured</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="of">of</span> 700,000<span word="parasite">parasite</span> <span word="spores">spores</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="bee">bee</span>. 接触到吡虫啉的两组蜜蜂每只体内寄生孢子的平均数量是700000。 <span word="Bees">Bees</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>, <span word="harboured">harboured</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="than">than</span> 200,000 <span word="spores">spores</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="theirbodies">theirbodies</span>. 与之对比，控制组的蜜蜂体内则含不到200000个孢子。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="insecticide">insecticide</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="exposing">exposing</span> <span word="bees">bees</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="infestation">infestation</span>, 换句话说，这种杀虫剂使蜜蜂更容易受到感染， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dying">dying</span> <span word="prematurely">prematurely</span>. 因而早亡的几率更大。 <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span> <span word="collapsing">collapsing</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="determined">determined</span>. 至于这是不是就是蜂群崩坏症候症的真正原因还有待进一步证实。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="plausible">plausible</span> <span word="hypothesis">hypothesis</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="beekeepers">beekeepers</span> <span word="buzzing">buzzing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="interest">interest</span>. 但是它的确是一个说得通的假设，养蜂人也会对此很感兴趣。 词语解释 1.<span word="from">from</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="time">time</span> 不时，偶尔，间或 <span word="Species">Species</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="squids">squids</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="beencaught">beencaught</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 从鱿鱼到黑猩猩已经被发现会不时的说谎。 <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="others">others</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="allbring">allbring</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 而且有些年的危机更糟糕，但是他们都不时带来坏消息。 2.<span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> 放弃;投降 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="mountaineers">mountaineers</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span>. 但是一些登山家并没有放弃。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="message">message</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span>. 这仿佛给他捎来飞鸿，让他不要放弃这一切。 3.<span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> 暴露 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="entrepreneurial">entrepreneurial</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span>--<span word="even">even</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="kindergarten">kindergarten</span> -<span word="iscritical">iscritical</span>. 这也正是尽早接触创业思维至关重要的原因，甚至可以从幼儿园抓起。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="emerging">emerging</span> <span word="markets">markets</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="decentgrowth">decentgrowth</span>. 它们有着极大的新兴市场敞口，这应会给它们带来显著的增长。 4.<span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> 似乎 <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fairly">fairly</span> <span word="salient">salient</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>. 这似乎是一个相当显著的事实。 <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>? 为什么所有人看起来都彼此熟识?</p>
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