巴尔干历史
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Balkan">Balkan</span> <span word="history">history</span> 巴尔干历史 <span word="Writing">Writing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> 书写过去 <span word="Teaching">Teaching</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="nationalism">nationalism</span>, <span word="andright">andright</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> 教育孩子：历史，民族主义和孰是孰非 <span word="IN">IN</span> 1995 <span word="some">some</span> 200,000 <span word="Serbs">Serbs</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="ethnically">ethnically</span> <span word="cleansed">cleansed</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Croatia">Croatia</span>. 在1995年克罗地亚的种族大清洗中，大约200，000塞尔维亚人遇害。 <span word="Oh">Oh</span>, <span word="no">no</span>, <span word="actually">actually</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="fled">fled</span>. 哦，不不不，事实上，他们逃之夭夭了。 <span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="Serbian">Serbian</span> <span word="royalist">royalist</span> <span word="Chetniks">Chetniks</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="heroesor">heroesor</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="villains">villains</span>? 二战中塞尔维亚的游击战士是忠诚的民族英雄还是无恶不作的坏蛋? <span word="Balkan">Balkan</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="complicated">complicated</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="agreement">agreement</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>. 巴尔干半岛的历史错综复杂，然而人人皆知的是。 <span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="nation">nation</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="else">else</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span>. 自己的民族知道正途;他人皆是邪路。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="Serbian">Serbian</span> <span word="historian">historian</span> <span word="puts">puts</span> <span word="it">it</span>: <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>, <span word="just">just</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="God">God</span>. 正如一位塞尔维亚历史学家说的那样：只有一个上帝，也只有一个真相。 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="apart">apart</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1389 <span word="or">or</span> 1944 <span word="playeda">playeda</span> <span word="vital">vital</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="propaganda">propaganda</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whip">whip</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="hatred">hatred</span>. 二十世纪九十年代，南斯拉夫解体。自那时起，1389年至1944年间到底发生了什么，成了宣传者煽动仇恨的重要主题。 <span word="Balkan">Balkan</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="wildly">wildly</span> <span word="varying">varying</span> <span word="versions">versions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="thatothers">thatothers</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="differently">differently</span>. 课堂里教授着不同版本的历史;巴尔干地区的孩子们日日学习，却是一叶障目;完全不知其他观点的存在。 <span word="Since">Since</span> 1999, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="historians">historians</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="region">region</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="helpteachers">helpteachers</span> <span word="gain">gain</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="broader">broader</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span>. 然而，从1999年起，该地区的一群历史学家们开始着手一个项目，为老师们提供更宽广的历史视野。 <span word="So">So</span> <span word="far">far</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="covering">covering</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span>1945. 迄今他们已利于收集到的原始资料出版了四本书，覆盖了该地区从1389年至1945年的历史。 <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Belgrade">Belgrade</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Centre">Centre</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Democracy">Democracy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Reconciliation">Reconciliation</span> <span word="inSoutheast">inSoutheast</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="runs">runs</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="historians">historians</span> <span word="planned">planned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nextstage">nextstage</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1989. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="huge">huge</span>. 该项目在希腊第二大城市萨洛尼卡开展。上月它在欧洲西南部贝尔格莱德的民主与和解中心召集了一场会议;与会的历史学家计划该项目的下一步骤：冷战及1989年以来的历史。 <span word="Still">Still</span>, <span word="by">by</span> 2014 <span word="an">an</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> 500,000 <span word="students">students</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="benefited">benefited</span>. 毫无疑问，这是一项艰巨的挑战。然而，到2014年项目完成时，将有约500，000名学生从中受益。 <span word="None">None</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. 然而凡事不可操之过急。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Bosnia">Bosnia</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="memorials">memorials</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="metres">metres</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>,<span word="dedicated">dedicated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="certainly">certainly</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="shortly">shortly</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="theybegan">theybegan</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span>. 在波斯尼亚，有两座仅相隔百余米的纪念碑，分别纪念20世纪90年代的两族年轻人，他们原是校友，却对彼此挥戈相向。 <span word="Bosniak">Bosniak</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="forces">forces</span> <span word="succeeded">succeeded</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="defending">defending</span> <span word="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</span> <span word="duringthe">duringthe</span> <span word="siege">siege</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1992-95. 波斯尼亚的孩子的历史版本是：他们的民族在1992年到1995年的围城期间成功保卫萨拉热窝。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Serbs">Serbs</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="besieged">besieged</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="successfully">successfully</span> <span word="defended">defended</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="againstbeing">againstbeing</span> <span word="overrun">overrun</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Muslim">Muslim</span> <span word="hordes">hordes</span>. 而围困他们的塞尔维亚人则一口咬定：他们才是成功自卫赶走穆斯林侵占者的勇士。 <span word="Kosovo">Kosovo</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Albanian">Albanian</span> <span word="heroes">heroes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="inconvenient">inconvenient</span> <span word="truths">truths</span>. 科索沃的历史教授书里充斥着阿尔巴尼亚英雄，对事实真相却辟而不谈。 <span word="Serbian">Serbian</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Croatian">Croatian</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="evolved">evolved</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="phase">phase</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nationalisteuphoria">nationalisteuphoria</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="balanced">balanced</span> <span word="version">version</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="events">events</span>. <span word="Change">Change</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 塞尔维亚和克罗地亚的历史教科书虽然摆脱了民族主义狂热，却并未公允地陈述史实。变化需要时间。 <span word="Nenad">Nenad</span> <span word="Sebek">Sebek</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="director">director</span>, <span word="tells">tells</span> <span word="funders">funders</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="theyshould">theyshould</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span>. 这一项目的负责人尼内德赛伯克告诉投资者们：如果他们指望明年即获回报，最好去别处投钱。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="hoping">hoping</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="in">in</span> 10 <span word="to">to</span> 20 <span word="years">years</span>. 我们希望十年或二十年后，事情会有起色。 词语解释 1.<span word="whip">whip</span> <span word="up">up</span> 激发，激励;匆匆做 <span word="Whip">Whip</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="passion">passion</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="puzzles">puzzles</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="sweettreat">sweettreat</span>! 对于这样甜美盛宴的谜题，我们肯定会掀起一股热情。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="whip">whip</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="sentiments">sentiments</span>. 但即便如此，我们也不能因此煽动民族情绪。 2.<span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> 一群,一组 <span word="Nearby">Nearby</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 不远处，站着一群同事看着他。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="costume">costume</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="in">in</span>. 一群身着传统服装的妇女在我们之后进入。 3.<span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="out">out</span> 出版;取出 <span word="First">First</span>, <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="cross">cross</span>-<span word="bred">bred</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="desired">desired</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="techniquesdiscovered">techniquesdiscovered</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 150 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. 首先，利用近150年前发现的方法，农作物可以通过杂交创造出人们所希望的品种。 <span word="Adobe">Adobe</span> <span word="camera">camera</span> <span word="raw">raw</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tweak">tweak</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="raw">raw</span>-<span word="format">format</span> <span word="image">image</span>, <span word="adjusting">adjusting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="outthe">outthe</span> <span word="color">color</span>. 用<span word="adobe">adobe</span> <span word="camera">camera</span> <span word="raw">raw</span>来微调<span word="raw">raw</span>格式的图像，调整对比度以衬托出颜色。 4.<span word="dedicate">dedicate</span> <span word="to">to</span> 奉献 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="dedicate">dedicate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="off">off</span>? 但是你为卸妆奉献了多少时间呢? <span word="Dedicate">Dedicate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="family">family</span>. 献给我伟大的父亲和母亲。</p>
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