众包强手棋
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</span> <span word="Monopoly">Monopoly</span> 众包强手棋 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Mayfair">Mayfair</span> <span word="shuffle">shuffle</span> 梅菲尔洗牌 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="toymakers">toymakers</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="crowds">crowds</span> 世界最大的玩具制造商之一体验众包智慧! <span word="IN">IN</span> 1904 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="Elizabeth">Elizabeth</span> <span word="Magie">Magie</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="patent">patent</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="tokens">tokens</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="four">four</span>-<span word="sided">sided</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="buying">buying</span> <span word="properties">properties</span>, <span word="avoiding">avoiding</span> <span word="taxes">taxes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="jail">jail</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="collecting">collecting</span> $100 <span word="every">every</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="starting">starting</span>-<span word="point">point</span>. 1904年，一位名叫<span word="Elizabeth">Elizabeth</span> <span word="Magie">Magie</span>的美国青年申请获得了一个桌面游戏的专利。在该游戏中，玩家通过在一个四边的图板上左右移动一指示物赢取钱财。游戏中不仅免税合法，免除牢狱之灾，玩家还可以在每次通过棋盘上的起点时赢得100美元。 <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="decades">decades</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="Darrow">Darrow</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="struggling">struggling</span> <span word="salesman">salesman</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span>, <span word="patented">patented</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tweaked">tweaked</span> <span word="version">version</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Monopoly">Monopoly</span>. 三十年之后，宾夕法尼亚的一位为生活艰苦挣扎的推销员<span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="Darrow">Darrow</span>，申请了该游戏调整后的另一个版本的专利，并命名为强手棋。 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="owned">owned</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Hasbro">Hasbro</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="toymaker">toymaker</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="games">games</span>, <span word="available">available</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="dozens">dozens</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="languages">languages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="innumerable">innumerable</span> <span word="variations">variations</span>. 如今，该游戏为一个大玩具商<span word="Hasbro">Hasbro</span>所有，且成为了世界上最为流行的桌游之一，被翻译成几十种语言且有无数个版本。 <span word="Magie">Magie</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="devotee">devotee</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="George">George</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="economist">economist</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="ownership">ownership</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="land">land</span>. <span word="Magie">Magie</span>是坚持土地公有制的经济学家<span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="George">George</span>的推崇者。 <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="demonstration">demonstration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="land">land</span>-<span word="grabbing">grabbing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="outcomes">outcomes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>. 她的游戏被设计为一个目前土地掠夺造成的通常结局和后果的实际演示系统。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="snatch">snatch</span> <span word="properties">properties</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="zeal">zeal</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="sadness">sadness</span>. 尽管玩家在游戏中更多的是热衷于对财富的争抢而并非对土地掠夺问题的忧虑，但该游戏也确实反映了上述土地问题。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Monopoly">Monopoly</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="poor">poor</span>, <span word="children">children</span> <span word="gleefully">gleefully</span> <span word="bankrupt">bankrupt</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="nobody">nobody</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flat">flat</span> <span word="iron">iron</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="more">more</span>. 无论是在强手棋还是在生活中，富有总是比贫穷好，，并且也没有人再使用扁铁块了。 <span word="Board">Board</span>-<span word="game">game</span> <span word="makers">makers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="footing">footing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="digital">digital</span> <span word="age">age</span>. 在如今的信息时代，桌游玩具制造商们不得不为自己重新寻找一席之地。 <span word="Hasbro">Hasbro</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="game">game</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="puzzle">puzzle</span> <span word="sales">sales</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="by">by</span> 4% <span word="in">in</span> 2010<span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="iPad">iPad</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="marketand">marketand</span> 10% <span word="in">in</span> 2011. 在<span word="iPad">iPad</span>上市的2010年， <span word="Hasbro">Hasbro</span>的游戏和拼图的销售额下降了4%，且在2011年下跌了10%。 <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="game">game</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="puzzle">puzzle</span> <span word="sales">sales</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="rebounded">rebounded</span>, <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="by">by</span> 2% <span word="in">in</span> 2012 <span word="and">and</span> 10% <span word="in">in</span> 2013. 而到了2012年和2013年，游戏和拼图的销售额又上涨了2%和10%。 <span word="Stephanie">Stephanie</span> <span word="Wissink">Wissink</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="youth">youth</span>-<span word="market">market</span> <span word="analyst">analyst</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Piper">Piper</span> <span word="Jaffray">Jaffray</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="bank">bank</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Hasbro">Hasbro</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="creativeThey">creativeThey</span> <span word="re">re</span> <span word="infusing">infusing</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="social">social</span>-<span word="generated">generated</span> <span word="content">content</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="marketing">marketing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="development">development</span>. 青少年市场分析师<span word="Stephanie">Stephanie</span> <span word="Wissink">Wissink</span>和投资银行 <span word="Piper">Piper</span> <span word="Jaffray">Jaffray</span>有关负责人表示<span word="Hasbro">Hasbro</span>已经学会了集体创造。他们将更多当代社会生成的内容植入于他们的市场营销和产品开发。 <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="content">content</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Facebook">Facebook</span>. 有些新的元素来自于<span word="Facebook">Facebook</span>。 <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="Monopoly">Monopoly</span> <span word="fans">fans</span> <span word="voted">voted</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Hasbro">Hasbro</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Facebook">Facebook</span> <span word="page">page</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="jettison">jettison</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="flat">flat</span> <span word="iron">iron</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="favour">favour</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="cat">cat</span> <span word="token">token</span>. 去年，强手棋的粉丝在<span word="Hasbro">Hasbro</span>的<span word="Facebook">Facebook</span>上投票，要求用新的猫造型令牌代替老式的扁铁块。 <span word="Scrabble">Scrabble</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="voting">voting</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span>. <span word="Scrabble">Scrabble</span>的玩家则在投票决定将哪一个词语添加到新字典中。 <span word="Monopoly">Monopoly</span> <span word="fans">fans</span>, <span word="meanwhile">meanwhile</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="voting">voting</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="rulesamong">rulesamong</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="collecting">collecting</span> $400 <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> $200 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="landing">landing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Go">Go</span>, <span word="requiring">requiring</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="circuit">circuit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="buying">buying</span> <span word="property">property</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Mom">Mom</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="jail">jail</span> <span word="free">free</span>. <span word="Always">Always</span>. <span word="No">No</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="askedto">askedto</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="official">official</span>. 同时，强手棋的粉丝也在投票决定十条俱乐部补充规则，其中包括玩家在到达出发之前需集齐400美元而非200美元，在购买财富之前完成一次完整的桌面巡回，妈妈总能无条件的出狱。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Economist">Economist</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="readers">readers</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>, <span word="through">through</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="website">website</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Facebook">Facebook</span> <span word="page">page</span>. 本刊也在通过网页和<span word="Facebook">Facebook</span>向读者征求新的规则。 <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="ours">ours</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reflect">reflect</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="realities">realities</span>. 但是，我希望我们能反映现代商业现实。 <span word="Several">Several</span> <span word="readers">readers</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bank">bank</span>, <span word="inevitably">inevitably</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bail">bail</span>-<span word="outs">outs</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="south">south</span>. 几个读者为银行提供了更为有效的建议，自然而然的，当一切都变得顺利时，其他的玩家也将得到纾困。 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="property">property</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="version">version</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="by">by</span> 25% <span word="per">per</span> <span word="turn">turn</span>. 有一位玩家建议在伦敦那一版地游戏中，房地产价格应每一轮上涨25%。 <span word="Building">Building</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="inequality">inequality</span> <span word="featured">featured</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="suggestions">suggestions</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="pieces">pieces</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="others">others</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="money">money</span>: <span word="these">these</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="mitigated">mitigated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Art">Art</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Finding">Finding</span> <span word="Myself">Myself</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="up">up</span>. 针对那些特别的建筑，有数条建议。这些差距会被一些类似于<span word="Art">Art</span> <span word="School">School</span>、<span word="Finding">Finding</span> <span word="Myself">Myself</span>这样给其他玩家时间追赶的卡片减小。 词语解释 1.<span word="dozens">dozens</span> <span word="of">of</span> 很多 <span word="Dozens">Dozens</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="china">china</span>. 中国有几十个这样的群体。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="interrupted">interrupted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="dozens">dozens</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="demonstratorsshouting">demonstratorsshouting</span> <span word="anti">anti</span>-<span word="communist">communist</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="slogans">slogans</span>. 他一度被许多呼喊反对共产党口号的示威者打断。 2.<span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="in">in</span> 相信,信仰 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="simplicity">simplicity</span>. 但是我相信有朴素主义。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="in">in</span>. 我们在做自己信仰的事。 3.<span word="digital">digital</span> <span word="age">age</span> 数字时代 <span word="Might">Might</span> <span word="e">e</span>-<span word="readers">readers</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="newspapers">newspapers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="digital">digital</span> <span word="age">age</span>? 电子阅读器能为报纸提供数字时代的发展新模式吗? <span word="Google">Google</span> <span word="rank">rank</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="digital">digital</span> <span word="age">age</span>. 在当今数字化时代，<span word="google">google</span>搜索排名对商业的成功至关重要。 4.<span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> 学会 <span word="Also">Also</span>, <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="team">team</span>. 还要学会与团队合作。 <span word="Learn">Learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="listener">listener</span>. 学会做一名更好的倾听者。</p>
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