烹饪学徒
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Food">Food</span> 食物 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="saucier">saucier</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="apprentices">apprentices</span> 烹饪学徒 <span word="Humanity">Humanity</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="cookery">cookery</span> <span word="isuniqueand">isuniqueand</span> <span word="shouldn">shouldn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="By">By</span> <span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span>. 生活与烹饪的独特关系不应被舍弃 <span word="Cooked">Cooked</span>: <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Natural">Natural</span> <span word="History">History</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Transformation">Transformation</span>. 烹饪，转变的自然史 <span word="BEFORE">BEFORE</span> <span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="along">along</span>, <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="politics">politics</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fringe">fringe</span> <span word="activity">activity</span>. <span word="Dubbedthe">Dubbedthe</span> <span word="liberal">liberal</span> <span word="foodie">foodie</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="Times">Times</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="activist">activist</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="authorhas">authorhas</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="decades">decades</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="bestselling">bestselling</span> <span word="books">books</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Defence">Defence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="FoodandThe">FoodandThe</span> <span word="Omnivore">Omnivore</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Dilemma">Dilemma</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="popularise">popularise</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="highlight">highlight</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="defects">defects</span> <span word="ofthe">ofthe</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="habits">habits</span>. 在<span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span>的书火了之前，设饭局已不流行。这位被《纽约时代》称为饕餮知识分子的美国作家兼活动家，花了20年写就了多本畅销书，像是《为食物辩护》和《杂食动物的困境》，他大力推广烹饪，针砭时弊食品工业和发达国家糟糕的饮食习惯。 <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="Cooked">Cooked</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="sections">sections</span>: <span word="fire">fire</span>, <span word="water">water</span>, <span word="air">air</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="earth">earth</span>.<span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="authorly">authorly</span> <span word="conceit">conceit</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="divisions">divisions</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explore">explore</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="ofculinary">ofculinary</span> <span word="topics">topics</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="joy">joy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="souffls">souffls</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="bacteria">bacteria</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="infermentation">infermentation</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="returns">returns</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="conundrum">conundrum</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="thecooking">thecooking</span> <span word="paradox">paradox</span>: <span word="why">why</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="preparing">preparing</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="scratchand">scratchand</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="cookery">cookery</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="television">television</span>. 他的新书《烹饪》分为四个部分：火，水，空气和土。虽然这样分，显得有些自负，不过在每个部分，作者都有关于烹饪的心得，比如从制作起酥的乐趣到为什么发酵中需要细菌。书中同样也探讨了他之前谈到的烹饪的悖论为什么人们花更少的时间下厨，花更多的时间读烹饪书籍或是看电视烹饪节目? <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span> <span word="explores">explores</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="naturalist">naturalist</span> <span word="might">might</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="andmicrobes">andmicrobes</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="delving">delving</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="chemistry">chemistry</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="fromexperts">fromexperts</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="masters">masters</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="hog">hog</span> <span word="barbecue">barbecue</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="loaf">loaf</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bread">bread</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="pot">pot</span>. <span word="Hedescribes">Hedescribes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="remarkable">remarkable</span> <span word="transformations">transformations</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="humble">humble</span> <span word="saucepan">saucepan</span>, <span word="wherefibres">wherefibres</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="broken">broken</span> <span word="down">down</span>, <span word="seeds">seeds</span> <span word="softened">softened</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rendered">rendered</span> <span word="edible">edible</span>, <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="detoxified">detoxified</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="flavoursbrought">flavoursbrought</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="far">far</span>-<span word="flung">flung</span> <span word="taxonomic">taxonomic</span> <span word="kingdoms">kingdoms</span>. 作者研究烹饪中的动物，植物和微生物，钻研历史，文化和化学，就像个博物学者一样。在行家的帮助下，他掌握了如何制作烤猪，长条面包，使用锅子。他描述了发生在炖锅中的奇妙转变，锅中食物的纤维被破坏，种子被煮软，变得可以食用，植物食材的去毒以及多种不同时才一起烹饪带来的奇妙味道。 <span word="Side">Side</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="naturalist">naturalist</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="activist">activist</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> <span word="andvegetable">andvegetable</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="supermarkets">supermarkets</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="grown">grown</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>, <span word="cookinghas">cookinghas</span> <span word="expanded">expanded</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="heating">heating</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tin">tin</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="soup">soup</span>, <span word="microwaving">microwaving</span> <span word="ready">ready</span>-<span word="meals">meals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="frozen">frozen</span> <span word="pizzasor">pizzasor</span> <span word="breaking">breaking</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bag">bag</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mixed">mixed</span> <span word="lettuce">lettuce</span> <span word="leaves">leaves</span>. <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="emphasis">emphasis</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thework">thework</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Harry">Harry</span> <span word="Balzer">Balzer</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="food">food</span>, <span word="diet">diet</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span>. <span word="Collecting">Collecting</span> <span word="datafrom">datafrom</span> <span word="thousands">thousands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="diaries">diaries</span>, <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Balzer">Balzer</span> <span word="concludes">concludes</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1980<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fewerpeople">fewerpeople</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="evening">evening</span> <span word="meal">meal</span>. <span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span>是博物学家，也是作家和活动家。虽然超市水果和蔬菜的区域在过去的20年不断扩大，可是烹饪却越来越不被当回事，连加热罐头汤，微波即时食品或冷冻披萨，打开袋装莴苣叶都算烹饪。<span word="HarryBalzer">HarryBalzer</span> 是研究美国人的食物，膳食和饮食习惯的专家，<span word="Pollen">Pollen</span>非常重视<span word="Harry">Harry</span>的研究。<span word="Harry">Harry</span>从几千份饮食日记中获得信息并得出结论，他认为，自从20世纪80年代以来，越来越少的人在家做晚餐。 <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="keen">keen</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reversed">reversed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hymn">hymn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="peopleshould">peopleshould</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="enticed">enticed</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kitchen">kitchen</span>. <span word="Cooking">Cooking</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="believes">believes</span>, <span word="creates">creates</span> <span word="bonds">bonds</span> <span word="betweenhumans">betweenhumans</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="web">web</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sustain">sustain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="nourish">nourish</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="Turning">Turning</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="fromthis">fromthis</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="foods">foods</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="tasty">tasty</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="themenu">themenu</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="far">far</span>-<span word="reaching">reaching</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>. <span word="Industrially">Industrially</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="trades">trades</span> <span word="inquality">inquality</span> <span word="ingredients">ingredients</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="amounts">amounts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sugar">sugar</span>, <span word="salt">salt</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fatwith">fatwith</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="corresponding">corresponding</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="inlevels">inlevels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="obesity">obesity</span>. <span word="Pollen">Pollen</span>致力于扭转这样的趋势，他的书写的就是为什么人们应该自己烹饪。他坚信，烹饪联系了人类和其他被食用的生物。不赞成这一观点就意味着不认为健康美味的食物从菜单上取消会带来深远的影响。通常，工业生产的食物会选用高糖高盐高脂肪而非高品质的食材，这就导致肥胖人数增加。 <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="refrigeration">refrigeration</span>, <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="people">people</span>. <span word="Bacteria">Bacteria</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="E">E</span>. <span word="coli">coli</span>, <span word="occasionally">occasionally</span> <span word="stilldo">stilldo</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="decades">decades</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="array">array</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="microbeshumans">microbeshumans</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span>. <span word="Cooked">Cooked</span> <span word="isparticularly">isparticularly</span> <span word="informative">informative</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="frontier">frontier</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="microbial">microbial</span> <span word="ecology">ecology</span> <span word="andhow">andhow</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="post">post</span>-<span word="Pasteurian">Pasteurian</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="live">live</span>-<span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="foods">foods</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="ofthe">ofthe</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="diet">diet</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="microbes">microbes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="inside">inside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gut">gut</span>. 在冷藏技术出现之前，败坏的食物通常是致命的。细菌，比如大肠杆菌，偶尔也会置人于死地。近几十年内有许多关于人体自身携带的益生菌和哪些益生菌能使人健康的研究。《烹饪》中介绍了许多关于微生物生态学的最前沿研究，以及在巴氏消毒法出现之前，那些人类饮食中大部分被食用的含有微生物的食物对人体和体内益生菌有什么益处。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="dwells">dwells</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="fermented">fermented</span> <span word="foods">foods</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="vanished">vanished</span> <span word="fromsupermarkets">fromsupermarkets</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="cultures">cultures</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="specialities">specialities</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="Malaysiantempoyak">Malaysiantempoyak</span>, , <span word="Russian">Russian</span> <span word="kefir">kefir</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Mexican">Mexican</span> <span word="pozole">pozole</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="bread">bread</span>, <span word="cheeseand">cheeseand</span> <span word="chocolate">chocolate</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="depend">depend</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="harnessing">harnessing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="microbes">microbes</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="invisible">invisible</span> <span word="forces">forces</span> <span word="travelalongside">travelalongside</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span> <span word="says">says</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dance">dance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="biocultural">biocultural</span> <span word="symbiosis">symbiosis</span>, <span word="cleverlytransforming">cleverlytransforming</span>, <span word="sterilising">sterilising</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="adding">adding</span> <span word="nutrients">nutrients</span>. 《烹饪》详细介绍了发酵食物。超市已经很少售卖这类食物，但是在一些国家，发酵食物已成为特色菜，比如马拉西亚的榴莲糕，俄罗斯的一种类似酸奶的可佛酒，莫斯哥的<span word="pozole">pozole</span>。就连面包，芝士和巧克力的制作都需要微生物的力量。<span word="Pollen">Pollen</span>称，这种隐形的力量就存在于人体内，是种奇妙的生物共生，转变，灭菌或是制造营养物质。 <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span> <span word="recognises">recognises</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hisgrandmother">hisgrandmother</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="decades">decades</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="desire">desire</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cook">cook</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seenas">seenas</span> <span word="quaint">quaint</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shame">shame</span>. <span word="Real">Real</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="allows">allows</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="create">create</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="ownvalues">ownvalues</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="food">food</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="escape">escape</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industrialised">industrialised</span> <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="crises">crises</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="overthe">overthe</span> <span word="world">world</span>. <span word="Cooking">Cooking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="human">human</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="alternative">alternative</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="evolve">evolve</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="passiveconsumers">passiveconsumers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="standardised">standardised</span> <span word="commodities">commodities</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="promise">promise</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="deliver">deliver</span>. <span word="Best">Best</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span>,<span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Pollan">Pollan</span>, <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>. <span word="Pollen">Pollen</span>认为，今天的烹饪和他外婆时代的烹饪是不同的。几十年后，随便煮煮饭都被认为是件新奇有趣的事。现在的趋势真让人惋惜。真正的烹饪是创造的过程，是加入自己的想法，是摆脱带来世界健康危机的工业生产的食物。烹饪是生活的一部分。最重要的是，烹饪使人快乐。不烹饪就是选择成为标准化生产食物的被动消费者，这些食物通常没有广告中说的那么好。 词语解释 1.<span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> 企图， 努力想 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="unabomber">unabomber</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="terrorist">terrorist</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="targetedscientists">targetedscientists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="derail">derail</span> <span word="runawaytechnological">runawaytechnological</span> <span word="development">development</span>. 尤那邦摩恐怖分子以科学为目标，试图阻挠失控的科技发展。 <span word="University">University</span> <span word="endowments">endowments</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="havebegun">havebegun</span> <span word="announcing">announcing</span> <span word="unprecedented">unprecedented</span> <span word="losses">losses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="instituting">instituting</span> <span word="hiring">hiring</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="construction">construction</span> <span word="freezes">freezes</span> <span word="inan">inan</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="funds">funds</span>. 学校的捐助在全国范围内开始宣告了前所未有的损失，研究院的招聘与建设开始处于冻结状态以努力节省基金。 2.<span word="food">food</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> 食品业 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. 中国的食品行业自身现在面临着严峻的问题。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="solves">solves</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>. 这项新的研究，转向采取用于食品工业的一种材料来解决这个问题。 3.<span word="divide">divide</span> <span word="into">into</span> 分成，分为 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="japanese">japanese</span> <span word="divide">divide</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>. 日本方面则因意见不同分为不同派别。 <span word="John">John</span> <span word="curtice">curtice</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="psephologist">psephologist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="strathclyde">strathclyde</span> <span word="university">university</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="scots">scots</span> <span word="divide">divide</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="roughlyequally">roughlyequally</span>-<span word="sized">sized</span> <span word="camps">camps</span>. 斯特拉斯克莱德大学的选举学家，约翰-科提斯认为，现在的苏格兰人大概分成了三个相同规模的阵营。 4.<span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> 允许 <span word="Allow">Allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="freeze">freeze</span> <span word="solid">solid</span> <span word="for">for</span> 3-4 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="overnight">overnight</span>. 允许冻结3-4小时或隔夜固体。 <span word="Apply">Apply</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tube">tube</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="tacky">tacky</span>. 在内胎上涂抹胶水并让它发粘。</p>
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