索马里的青年党
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Shabab">Shabab</span> 索马里的青年党 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Horn">Horn</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Africa">Africa</span> 为非洲之角而战 <span word="Bullet">Bullet</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> 子弹男孩 <span word="Al">Al</span>-<span word="Shabab">Shabab</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span>:<span word="The">The</span> <span word="History">History</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Ideology">Ideology</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="aMilitant">aMilitant</span> <span word="Islamist">Islamist</span> <span word="Group">Group</span>, 2005-2012.<span word="By">By</span> <span word="Stig">Stig</span> <span word="JarleHansen">JarleHansen</span>. 索马里的青年党：一个激进伊斯兰组织的历史和思想体系，2005-2012 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="Dangerous">Dangerous</span> <span word="Place">Place</span>: <span word="Inside">Inside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Outlaw">Outlaw</span> <span word="State">State</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span>.<span word="By">By</span> <span word="James">James</span> <span word="Fergusson">Fergusson</span>. 世界上最危险的地方：法外之国索马里的内情 <span word="IN">IN</span> 2005 <span word="three">three</span> <span word="dozen">dozen</span> <span word="Somalis">Somalis</span> <span word="formed">formed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="club">club</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Islamists">Islamists</span>, <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="dubbing">dubbing</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="theShabab">theShabab</span>. <span word="Chaos">Chaos</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="reigned">reigned</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="realgovernment">realgovernment</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="ruler">ruler</span>, <span word="Siad">Siad</span> <span word="Barre">Barre</span>, <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1991. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="so">so</span>, <span word="theShabab">theShabab</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dominant">dominant</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="loose">loose</span> <span word="coalition">coalition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Islamic">Islamic</span> <span word="courts">courts</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="soughtwith">soughtwith</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="grim">grim</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="impose">impose</span> <span word="order">order</span>. 2005年60个索马里人组织了一个伊斯兰教徒俱乐部，不久他们标榜自己是<span word="Shabab">Shabab</span>。自1991年军事统治者西亚德巴雷垮台之后，那里就没有真正的政府，混乱折磨索马里一代人之久。大概在一年之内，青年党成了松散的伊斯兰法庭联盟主导力量，为了维持秩序，这伙人不择手段。 <span word="By">By</span> 2009 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Shabab">Shabab</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="core">core</span> <span word="of">of</span> 5,000-<span word="odd">odd</span> <span word="fighters">fighters</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="mastered">mastered</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thecountry">thecountry</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="virtually">virtually</span> <span word="ungovernable">ungovernable</span>. <span word="Stig">Stig</span> <span word="Jarle">Jarle</span> <span word="Hansen">Hansen</span>, <span word="theNorwegian">theNorwegian</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="explaining">explaining</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Shabab">Shabab</span>,<span word="reckons">reckons</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="controlled">controlled</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="size">size</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Denmark">Denmark</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> 5<span word="m">m</span> <span word="inhabitants">inhabitants</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Shabab">Shabab</span>, <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Hansen">Hansen</span> <span word="believes">believes</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="proclaimed">proclaimed</span> <span word="al">al</span>-<span word="Qaeda">Qaeda</span> <span word="allycontrolling">allycontrolling</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="territories">territories</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="far">far</span>-<span word="flung">flung</span> <span word="Somali">Somali</span> <span word="diaspora">diaspora</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 2<span word="m">m</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span> ,<span word="Britain">Britain</span>, <span word="Kenya">Kenya</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Shabab">Shabab</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="wreaking">wreaking</span> <span word="terror">terror</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="andabroad">andabroad</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="frightened">frightened</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="flummoxed">flummoxed</span> <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="African">African</span> <span word="governments">governments</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="books">books</span>, <span word="Al">Al</span>-<span word="Shabab">Shabab</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="Dangerous">Dangerous</span> <span word="Place">Place</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="forthose">forthose</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="seek">seek</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="counter">counter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="menace">menace</span>. 2009年，青年党以5000个奇特的战士控制了该国一半以上的地方，剩下的地方实际上大部分处于无政府状态。挪威作家<span word="Stig">Stig</span> <span word="Jarle">Jarle</span> <span word="Hansen">Hansen</span>的新作解释了青年党的壮大，他认为青年党控制的地盘和丹麦一样大，里面可能有5百万居民。<span word="Hansen">Hansen</span>先生相信青年党是世界上唯一的以基地盟友自居而且控制很多地盘的组织。因为有将近二百万的索马里人流散在美国、英国、肯尼亚和斯堪的那维亚半岛，青年党在国内外制造恐怖的能力使西方政府和非洲政府感到恐惧困惑。 <span word="James">James</span> <span word="Fergussonhas">Fergussonhas</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="readable">readable</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="ingenuity">ingenuity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="couragehe">couragehe</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="travelled">travelled</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wide">wide</span>, <span word="within">within</span> <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Somali">Somali</span> <span word="diaspora">diaspora</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="andAmerica">andAmerica</span>, <span word="delving">delving</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="soul">soul</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ravaged">ravaged</span> <span word="community">community</span>. <span word="Few">Few</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="foreigners">foreigners</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pasthalf">pasthalf</span>-<span word="decade">decade</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="reached">reached</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="deeply">deeply</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="territorial">territorial</span> <span word="nooks">nooks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="crannies">crannies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span> <span word="smyriad">smyriad</span> <span word="fiefs">fiefs</span>. <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Hansen">Hansen</span> <span word="focuses">focuses</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="ideological">ideological</span> <span word="detours">detours</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="tactics">tactics</span> <span word="ofthe">ofthe</span> <span word="Shabab">Shabab</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="inception">inception</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="succinct">succinct</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="definitive">definitive</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="somewhat">somewhat</span> <span word="dry">dry</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="James">James</span> <span word="Fergusson">Fergusson</span>写过更有可读性的著作。为了剖析这个遭受蹂躏的地区的灵魂，他凭着机智和非凡的勇气广游四方，他去过索马里，也采访过流散在英美的索马里人。在过去五十年里，几乎没有外国人像他那样深入到索马里众多割据地区的角角落落。<span word="Hansen">Hansen</span>先生自青年党成立之初就关注它复杂的思想形态和军事战术。从某种意义上说他用简洁明确的文字写了一本关于青年党的历史书。 <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="although">although</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bloody">bloody</span>-<span word="minded">minded</span> <span word="Shabab">Shabab</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span> <span word="tocontainment">tocontainment</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="outright">outright</span> <span word="defeat">defeat</span>, <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Somalis">Somalis</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="reluctantly">reluctantly</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="asthe">asthe</span> <span word="lesser">lesser</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="evils">evils</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="certainly">certainly</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="rivals">rivals</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="transcending">transcending</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bitterdivisions">bitterdivisions</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="clans">clans</span>, <span word="sub">sub</span>-<span word="clans">clans</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sub">sub</span>-<span word="sub">sub</span>-<span word="clans">clans</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="doggedly">doggedly</span> <span word="lethal">lethal</span> <span word="loyaltieswere">loyaltieswere</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="fragmentation">fragmentation</span>. 两个作家都认为如果不能将残忍的青年党彻底打败，遏制可能就是对付它的手段，很多索马里人可能仍然不情愿接受青年党，他们认为青年党是众多魔鬼中邪恶程度相对低的那个。索马里四分五裂，民不聊生，在宗族、亚氏族，三级氏族之间，青年党确实比自己的对手做得好，对部族的绝对忠诚是导致这个国家分裂的主要原因。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Shabab">Shabab</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="driven">driven</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="grievances">grievances</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="aspirations">aspirations</span>, <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stokerebellion">stokerebellion</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="troubled">troubled</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="northern">northern</span> <span word="Nigeria">Nigeria</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Yemen">Yemen</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="theWest">theWest</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bolster">bolster</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="revamped">revamped</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</span>, <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="capital">capital</span>,<span word="while">while</span> <span word="accommodating">accommodating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="semi">semi</span>-<span word="autonomous">autonomous</span> <span word="fiefs">fiefs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="workablefederation">workablefederation</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="prime">prime</span> <span word="minister">minister</span>, <span word="David">David</span> <span word="Cameron">Cameron</span>, <span word="whohappens">whohappens</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Fergusson">Fergusson</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="Somalia">Somalia</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="dangerouscountries">dangerouscountries</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="tragically">tragically</span> <span word="disturbed">disturbed</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Shababmay">Shababmay</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wane">wane</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="predicts">predicts</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="fade">fade</span> <span word="fast">fast</span>. 青年党受当地的怨愤力量推动，已经有了放眼环球的志向，它在发生动乱的地方协助平叛。过去两年里，西方视图在索马里首都摩加迪沙支持一个经过改进的政府，同时也可以协调半自治的割据地区组建一个能工作的联邦。英国首相戴维卡梅伦已经将这个经验付诸行动。但是索马里仍然是世界上最危险的国家之一，它的人民还在遭受最惨痛的灾难。青年党可能会逐渐衰落，但是两个作家预测它衰退的速度不会太快。 词语解释 1.<span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> 致力于;使聚焦于 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="datedfutures">datedfutures</span> <span word="contracts">contracts</span>. 这些基金很多只关注期限较长的期货合约。 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="entrepreneurs">entrepreneurs</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="customerrelationships">customerrelationships</span>? 创业者给予客户关系的重视足够吗? 2.<span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> 试图,设法要 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="concentrate">concentrate</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="win">win</span>. 我设法让人们专心弄明白自己为什么会赢。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="ground">ground</span>. 你需要设法找出你们之间的一些共同点。 3.<span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="to">to</span> 碰巧;赶巧 <span word="Computers">Computers</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span>. 电脑恰好就是一种大脑自行车。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>! 我碰巧知道有那么几本不错的!</p>
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