全球老龄化
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Global">Global</span> <span word="ageing">ageing</span> 全球老龄化 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="shades">shades</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="grey">grey</span> 十亿银发族 <span word="An">An</span> <span word="ageing">ageing</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="slower">slower</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="moreunequal">moreunequal</span> <span word="oneunless">oneunless</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="starts">starts</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="now">now</span> 一个老龄化的经济体会发展地越来越缓慢，且社会不平等加剧除非现在就开始政策改革 <span word="WARREN">WARREN</span> <span word="BUFFETT">BUFFETT</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="May">May</span> 3<span word="rd">rd</span> <span word="hosts">hosts</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="folksy">folksy</span> <span word="extravaganza">extravaganza</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="BerkshireHathaway">BerkshireHathaway</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="annual">annual</span> <span word="shareholders">shareholders</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="icon">icon</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="capitalism">capitalism</span>. <span word="At">At</span> 83, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="alsoepitomises">alsoepitomises</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="striking">striking</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="trend">trend</span>: <span word="for">for</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="skilled">skilled</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="wellinto">wellinto</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="age">age</span>. <span word="Across">Across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="peopleincreasingly">peopleincreasingly</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="less">less</span>-<span word="skilled">skilled</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> 65% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="aged">aged</span> 62-74 <span word="with">with</span> <span word="aprofessional">aprofessional</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workforce">workforce</span>, <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> 32% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="ahigh">ahigh</span>-<span word="school">school</span> <span word="certificate">certificate</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="Union">Union</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="similar">similar</span>. 沃伦巴菲特，这个美国资本主义的象征式人物，将于5月3号主持伯克希尔哈撒韦公司一年一度的股东大会。83岁高龄的他也正代表了当前人口发展趋势的一个令人震惊的缩影：高技术人才在步入老年之后仍然继续工作。在富裕的国家，受过良好教育的人比低端技术工人工作时间更长。在美国，拥有专业学位且年龄在62到74岁之间的人中有大约65%仍然在岗，相较之下，拥有高中文凭的人只有32%还在工作。在欧洲情况也类似。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="gap">gap</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="deepening">deepening</span> <span word="divide">divide</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="off">off</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unskilledpoor">unskilledpoor</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="slicing">slicing</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="groups">groups</span>. <span word="Rapid">Rapid</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="incomes">incomes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thehighly">thehighly</span> <span word="skilled">skilled</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="squeezing">squeezing</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unskilled">unskilled</span>. <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="longerhours">longerhours</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottom">bottom</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="qualified">qualified</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="extending">extending</span> <span word="theirworking">theirworking</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>, <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="less">less</span>-<span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="people">people</span> . <span word="The">The</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>,<span word="for">for</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="society">society</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="profound">profound</span>. 这种差异体现了一种受过高等教育的富裕阶层和缺乏技能的穷人阶层之间日益加深的社会分化，而且这样的分化遍布各个年龄层。快速的创新增加了高技术人才的收入，却压缩了低技术工人的薪资。处于高层职位的人的工作时间和底层工人相比逐年递增，有资质的人的工作年限也比没有的人要多。这样的结果不论对于个人和社会来说，都有着深远的影响。 <span word="Older">Older</span>, <span word="wiser">wiser</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> 数量众多的高技术人才变老了 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cusp">cusp</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="staggering">staggering</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="livelonger">livelonger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="before">before</span>. <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> 20 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="aged">aged</span> 65 <span word="ormore">ormore</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="double">double</span>, <span word="from">from</span> 600<span word="m">m</span> <span word="to">to</span> 1.1 <span word="billion">billion</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 20<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="whengreater">whengreater</span> <span word="longevity">longevity</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="retirement">retirement</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="work">work</span>,<span word="has">has</span> <span word="persuaded">persuaded</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="observers">observers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="slower">slower</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="andsecular">andsecular</span> <span word="stagnation">stagnation</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="swelling">swelling</span> <span word="ranks">ranks</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pensioners">pensioners</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="bust">bust</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="budgets">budgets</span>. 世界的老龄人口正在以惊人的速度增长，并且他们越活越长。在未来的20年里，全球65岁以上的老年人数量将会翻番，从6000万到11亿。根据20世纪的经验来看，当长寿意味着更长的退休时间和更短的工作时间时，很多人都会感觉到明显的经济增速减缓和长期经济停滞，同时越来越多的养老金申领人口会导致政府的预算破产。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="notion">notion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sharp">sharp</span> <span word="division">division</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idle">idle</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="misses">misses</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="newtrend">newtrend</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="gap">gap</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="skilled">skilled</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unskilled">unskilled</span>. <span word="Employment">Employment</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="fallingamong">fallingamong</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="unskilled">unskilled</span> <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="whereas">whereas</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="skilled">skilled</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="divideis">divideis</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>-<span word="boomers">boomers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="putting">putting</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="retirementwhile">retirementwhile</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="less">less</span>-<span word="skilled">skilled</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workforce">workforce</span>. 当我们只关注于工作年轻人与闲散老年人的严重分化现象时，往往忽略了一个新的趋势，即不同人劳动技能之间日益加剧的差异。缺乏技能的年轻人的就业率在下降，而经验丰富的高技术人才却工作得越来越久。在美国，这样的分歧最为严重，婴儿潮时期出生的、受过良好教育的人们延迟退休，从而将技能不足的年轻人排挤出劳动力市场。 <span word="Policy">Policy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="partly">partly</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="abandoned">abandoned</span> <span word="policies">policies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="usedto">usedto</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="retire">retire</span> <span word="early">early</span>. <span word="Rising">Rising</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span>, <span word="combined">combined</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="replacementof">replacementof</span> <span word="generous">generous</span> <span word="defined">defined</span>-<span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="pension">pension</span> <span word="plans">plans</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="stingier">stingier</span> <span word="defined">defined</span>-<span word="contribution">contribution</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>,<span word="means">means</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="better">better</span>-<span word="off">off</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comfortable">comfortable</span> <span word="retirement">retirement</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="thechanging">thechanging</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="role">role</span>. <span word="Pay">Pay</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="risen">risen</span> <span word="sharply">sharply</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="educated">educated</span>,<span word="and">and</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="continue">continue</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reap">reap</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="educatedelderly">educatedelderly</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="predecessors">predecessors</span>. <span word="Technological">Technological</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="wellreinforce">wellreinforce</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="shift">shift</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="complement">complement</span> <span word="computers">computers</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="management">management</span> <span word="expertiseto">expertiseto</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span>, <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="age">age</span>. 政策也要为此承担一部分责任。很多欧洲政府已经撤销了鼓励人们提早退休的政策。增长的寿命，再加上养老金计划从回报丰厚的固定收益型转为日趋紧缩的固定缴费型，这都意味着经济条件较好的人都不得不工作更长时间以保障一个安逸的晚年。另外，工作性质的改变也是原因之一。受过高等教育的人的工资显著增加，因为这些人的生产能力比前人更高，所以他们能将所得的高额酬劳储蓄起来作为晚年的保障。科技的转型也会增强这样的改变：像管理技巧和创造力这种不能够被计算机所取代的能力，不一定会因年龄老化而失去其价值。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="fortunate">fortunate</span> <span word="oldies">oldies</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>, <span word="society">society</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="whole">whole</span>.<span word="Growth">Growth</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="dramatically">dramatically</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>; <span word="government">government</span> <span word="budgets">budgets</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="bettershape">bettershape</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="earners">earners</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="taxes">taxes</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>. <span word="Rich">Rich</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="lots">lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="olderpeople">olderpeople</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="burden">burden</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ageing">ageing</span> <span word="easier">easier</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bear">bear</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="China">China</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span>50-<span word="to">to</span>-64-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="olds">olds</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="primary">primary</span>-<span word="school">school</span> <span word="education">education</span>. 这种趋势不仅对那些幸运的老人们有好处，也令社会从中得益。经济增长不会像预期中那样急剧减缓：政府预算看起来会好得多，因为高收入者会纳税地更久。拥有大量受过良好教育的老年人的发达国家，其人口老龄化的负担会比其他地区轻得多，比如50至64岁人口中一半都没有完成小学教育的中国。 <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="scale">scale</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="things">things</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="grim">grim</span>. <span word="Manual">Manual</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="aspeople">aspeople</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="older">older</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="pensions">pensions</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="wages">wages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="theunemployed">theunemployed</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lexicon">lexicon</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="hate">hate</span>-<span word="figures">figures</span>, <span word="work">work</span>-<span word="shirking">shirking</span> <span word="welfare">welfare</span> <span word="queens">queens</span> <span word="breedingat">breedingat</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="taxpayer">taxpayer</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="expense">expense</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="replaced">replaced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="deadbeat">deadbeat</span> <span word="grandads">grandads</span> <span word="collecting">collecting</span> <span word="taxpayerhandouts">taxpayerhandouts</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>-<span word="working">working</span> <span word="contemporaries">contemporaries</span> <span word="strive">strive</span> <span word="on">on</span>. 然而，从社会的另一个层面来讲情形并非如此乐观。随着年龄增长，体力劳动将会显得力不从心，因此对于低收入者和失业者来说公共养老金会更有吸引力。最招人讨厌的公众形象可能会从好吃懒做、靠纳税人供养的福利皇后变成欠债不还、当同龄人还在努力工作时却只会伸手向纳税人讨救济品的养老金爷爷。 <span word="Nor">Nor</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="beneficial">beneficial</span>. <span word="Wealthy">Wealthy</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="accumulate">accumulate</span> <span word="moresavings">moresavings</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="weaken">weaken</span> <span word="demand">demand</span>. <span word="Inequality">Inequality</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wealthwill">wealthwill</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="transferred">transferred</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="via">via</span> <span word="inheritance">inheritance</span>, <span word="entrenching">entrenching</span> <span word="thedivision">thedivision</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="winners">winners</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="losers">losers</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="further">further</span>. 对经济的影响并不全是有利的。富裕的老年人会积累更多的储蓄，因此会降低需求。社会不平等会增加，其中很大一部分财富会以遗产的形式转移给下一代，使得成功者与失败者之间的贫富差距鸿沟日益加大。 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="impose">impose</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="inheritance">inheritance</span> <span word="taxes">taxes</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="replaced">replaced</span> <span word="less">less</span>-<span word="fairtaxes">fairtaxes</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="theircash">theircash</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="salt">salt</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="away">away</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="redistributing">redistributing</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="buton">buton</span> <span word="generating">generating</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="reforming">reforming</span> <span word="retirement">retirement</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="education">education</span>. 一个可行的措施是施行高额遗产税。只要能够代替其他更缺乏公平的税收，遗产税还是较为合理的。这能使老年人花掉他们的积蓄而不是存起来。但政府也应该通过改革退休政策和教育体系来创造更多收入，而不能仅仅停留在重新分配收入的层面。 <span word="Age">Age</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="appropriate">appropriate</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="life">life</span>. <span word="Mandatoryretirement">Mandatoryretirement</span> <span word="ages">ages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pension">pension</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="discourage">discourage</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="go">go</span>.<span word="Welfare">Welfare</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="reflect">reflect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="higher">higher</span>-<span word="skilled">skilled</span>. <span word="Pensions">Pensions</span> <span word="shouldbecome">shouldbecome</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="progressive">progressive</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="underlines">underlines</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="ofincreasing">ofincreasing</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="stages">stages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="acquirethe">acquirethe</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="thrive">thrive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="market">market</span>. <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="areunderstandably">areunderstandably</span> <span word="loth">loth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="retraining">retraining</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="retire">retire</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="ifpeople">ifpeople</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>. <span word="Deadbeat">Deadbeat</span> 60-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="oldsare">oldsare</span> <span word="unlikely">unlikely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="vocational">vocational</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>,<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="caring">caring</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="people">people</span>. 工作年限不应该被年龄所限制。强制性退休年龄和养老金制度会让人们不想工作那么久，所以是不合理的，应该被淘汰。社会福利应该能够反映出针对高技术人才的广阔机遇。养老金应该更加循序渐进。与此同时，这个趋势也显示出加强对各个年龄段的公共教育投资的重要性，令更多的人获得能够在现代劳动力市场中得以立足的技能。如今，很多政府都懒得为那些马上就要退休的老年人花钱进行重新培训，这是可以理解的。但是，如果人们能够工作的更久，这种投资是有意义的。年届60且欠债不还的人不太可能成为计算机科学家。但他们能够学习一些职业技能，例如照顾数量越来越多的老年人。</p>
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