MobiletelecomsinPakistan
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Mobile">Mobile</span> <span word="telecoms">telecoms</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Pakistan">Pakistan</span> 巴基斯坦的移动通信业 <span word="At">At</span> <span word="last">last</span>, 3<span word="G">G</span> 终于等到你，3<span word="G">G</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="raises">raises</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="along">along</span>-<span word="awaited">awaited</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="started">started</span> 政府筹集到了一定资金，启动了长期停滞的产业 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> 现在我们可以真正意义上开始购物 <span word="IN">IN</span> <span word="PAKISTAN">PAKISTAN</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="telecoms">telecoms</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="vital">vital</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="sdevelopment">sdevelopment</span>, <span word="bypassing">bypassing</span> <span word="obstructive">obstructive</span> <span word="bureaucrats">bureaucrats</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bringing">bringing</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="themassesfrom">themassesfrom</span> <span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="voter">voter</span> <span word="registration">registration</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="Asia">Asia</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="doesnot">doesnot</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="internet">internet</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="week">week</span>, <span word="after">after</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="delays">delays</span> <span word="andregulatory">andregulatory</span> <span word="snarl">snarl</span>-<span word="ups">ups</span>, <span word="did">did</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spectrum">spectrum</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="roll">roll</span> <span word="out">out</span> 3<span word="Gand">Gand</span> 4<span word="G">G</span> <span word="services">services</span>. 移动通信的发展对于巴基斯坦以及世界上其他的贫困地区的发展至关重要，避开官僚作风的阻碍，将直接服务于大众从银行业到选民登记。同时，他也是南亚唯一没有高速移动网络的国家。因为在持续8年的推延以及官僚阻滞的影响下，直到这个星期，巴基斯坦才举行开展3<span word="G">G</span>和4<span word="G">G</span>业务所需频谱的招标。 <span word="Demand">Demand</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="licences">licences</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="hopes">hopes</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="finance">finance</span> <span word="minister">minister</span>, <span word="IshaqDar">IshaqDar</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="talked">talked</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="raising">raising</span> $2 <span word="billion">billion</span>; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="under">under</span> $1.2 <span word="billion">billion</span>.<span word="Successful">Successful</span> <span word="bids">bids</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="operators">operators</span>, <span word="Mobilink">Mobilink</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Ufone">Ufone</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>,<span word="China">China</span> <span word="Mobile">Mobile</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Telenor">Telenor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Norway">Norway</span>. <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="totake">totake</span> <span word="part">part</span>, <span word="Saudi">Saudi</span> <span word="Telecom">Telecom</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Turkcell">Turkcell</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Turkey">Turkey</span>, <span word="got">got</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="feet">feet</span> <span word="after">after</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="said">said</span>, <span word="having">having</span> <span word="theirrequest">theirrequest</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="exclusive">exclusive</span> <span word="one">one</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="licences">licences</span> <span word="rejected">rejected</span>. 运营权的需求度低于政府的预期。金融部长<span word="Ishaq">Ishaq</span> <span word="Dar">Dar</span>曾经提及招标计划是20亿美金，但是最后只产生了12亿不到。成功中标的包括<span word="Mobilink">Mobilink</span> 以及<span word="Ufone">Ufone</span> 这两家本土公司以及<span word="China">China</span> <span word="Mobile">Mobile</span> 和 <span word="Telenor">Telenor</span> <span word="ofNorway">ofNorway</span>这两家国外公司。其他两个国外大集团<span word="Saudi">Saudi</span> <span word="Telecom">Telecom</span> 和 <span word="Turkcell">Turkcell</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Turkey">Turkey</span>曾有望参与其中，但是却临阵退缩了。据说是因为拒绝了他们一年独家经营权的要求。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="Pakistan">Pakistan</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="talked">talked</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="auctioning">auctioning</span> 3<span word="G">G</span> <span word="spectrum">spectrum</span>, 2006, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="theyear">theyear</span> <span word="Sri">Sri</span> <span word="Lanka">Lanka</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="services">services</span>. <span word="India">India</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2010. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="boththese">boththese</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="modest">modest</span> <span word="proportion">proportion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="enjoys">enjoys</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="speedmobile">speedmobile</span> <span word="broadbandbut">broadbandbut</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Pakistan">Pakistan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</span> . 在斯里兰卡实际开启其3<span word="G">G</span>业务的2006年，巴基斯坦政府第一次提及3<span word="G">G</span>频谱的拍卖。印度在2010年招标。即使是现在，这两个国家只有一部分人喜欢连接高速移动宽带但是这比例也远比巴基斯坦和孟加拉要高。 <span word="In">In</span> 2003 <span word="Pakistan">Pakistan</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="dictator">dictator</span>, <span word="Pervez">Pervez</span> <span word="Musharraf">Musharraf</span>, <span word="deregulated">deregulated</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="telecoms">telecoms</span> <span word="toattract">toattract</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="investment">investment</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="civilian">civilian</span> <span word="administration">administration</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="succeeded">succeeded</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2008<span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="lurching">lurching</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="newgovernment">newgovernment</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="June">June</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="faced">faced</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="protests">protests</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="opposition">opposition</span> <span word="politiciansand">politiciansand</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="last">last</span>, <span word="held">held</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="auction">auction</span>. 2003年，巴基斯坦当时的军事独裁者<span word="Pervez">Pervez</span> <span word="Musharraf">Musharraf</span>解除对于移动通信业的管制来吸引外商投资。但是2008年接任的平民政府在不断发生的危机中步履蹒跚，发展该产业也失败了。去年六月上台的新政府面对反对派的抗议，最终举行了招标。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="copied">copied</span> <span word="war">war</span>-<span word="torn">torn</span> <span word="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="auction">auction</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="simplysold">simplysold</span> <span word="licences">licences</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>, <span word="starting">starting</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2012. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grounds">grounds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="boostfrom">boostfrom</span> <span word="introducing">introducing</span> 3<span word="G">G</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>-<span word="off">off</span> <span word="windfall">windfall</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="mighthave">mighthave</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="mired">mired</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="corruption">corruption</span> <span word="allegations">allegations</span>. 它本可以模仿饱受战乱的阿富汗，自2012年开始，不进行招标，单纯地以低价出售经营权。阿富汗这样做，因为引入3<span word="G">G</span>带来的经济发展的利益比一次性拍卖来得高，后者还可能会陷入腐败的指控中去。 <span word="Pakistan">Pakistan</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="replenish">replenish</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="reserves">reserves</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="hasnot">hasnot</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="successfuloperators">successfuloperators</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="profitable">profitable</span> <span word="business">business</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="plagued">plagued</span> <span word="byfickle">byfickle</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="policies">policies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tight">tight</span> <span word="margins">margins</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lowestaverage">lowestaverage</span> <span word="revenues">revenues</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="user">user</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="around">around</span> $2 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="month">month</span>. 但是巴基斯坦的新政府需要现金来重新扩大它的外汇储备。它没有获得其预期的那么多，但是竞争不太激烈的招标或许能给中标方更多的机会来建立一个盈利的项目。他们长期困扰于多变的政策以及市场利润空间不足的情况，因为一些用户处于世界上最低收入水平，每月收入在2美元左右。 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="crippling">crippling</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="leaves">leaves</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="powerless">powerless</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> 12 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thevillages">thevillages</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="Islamist">Islamist</span> <span word="insurgency">insurgency</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="paralysed">paralysed</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="deterred">deterred</span> <span word="allbut">allbut</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bravest">bravest</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="investors">investors</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 200<span word="m">m</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="sorely">sorely</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boostthat">boostthat</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span>-<span word="internet">internet</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="bring">bring</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="consultingfirm">consultingfirm</span>, <span word="commissioned">commissioned</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pakistani">Pakistani</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="predicted">predicted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span> <span word="economicactivity">economicactivity</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> 900,000 <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="inhundreds">inhundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="millions">millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dollars">dollars</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="revenues">revenues</span>. 伴随着严重的能源危机，巴基斯坦的城市一天有12个小时断电，乡村更久。并且伊斯兰叛乱活动使得商业瘫痪，除了那些最勇敢的外国投资者，没有其他人敢来。有将近2亿人的国家十分需要高速移动网络连接带来的发展。最近一项受巴基斯坦政府委任由英国顾问集团进行的研究，其预计通过增加经济活动，发展高速网络能在接下来的思念时间帮助创造90万的岗位，并带来每年亿万美元的税收收入。 <span word="Nevertheless">Nevertheless</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="Asia">Asia</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="internet">internet</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="beslow">beslow</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="replacing">replacing</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="handsets">handsets</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="smartphones">smartphones</span>, <span word="whichremain">whichremain</span> <span word="unaffordable">unaffordable</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> 10% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="s">s</span> 132<span word="m">m</span> <span word="mobilesubscribers">mobilesubscribers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="smartphones">smartphones</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="figures">figures</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="Pakistan">Pakistan</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="mobileoperators">mobileoperators</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="game">game</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="deep">deep</span>-<span word="pocketed">pocketed</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="backersthat">backersthat</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="prepared">prepared</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pick">pick</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dividends">dividends</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="flow">flow</span>. 然而，就像南亚其他地方一样，手机网络的推广过程是缓慢的，因为它需要人们将他们的功能机置换成智能机，这对于大多数巴基斯坦人来说是难以负担的。产业数据显示，目前，该国1.32亿手机用户中不到10%拥有智能机。但是，巴基斯坦的移动运营商着眼于未来。即使本地运营商也有着有钱的国外赞助人，他们准备等待着发展腾飞、利益的扩张。 词语解释 1.<span word="require">require</span> <span word="to">to</span> 要求 <span word="Drain">Drain</span> <span word="piping">piping</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="protected">protected</span> <span word="againstfreezing">againstfreezing</span>. 泄水管要求有防冻保护措施。 <span word="These">These</span> <span word="objects">objects</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="quarantined">quarantined</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thespot">thespot</span>. 这些物品需要进行现场检疫。 2.<span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="to">to</span> 期许 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ship">ship</span> <span word="another">another</span> 50,000 <span word="this">this</span> <span word="month">month</span>. 他们预计本月将再发货50,000只。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="revenues">revenues</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="earn">earn</span>. 问题的答案将帮助确定音乐行业能够预期获得哪种类型的收益。 3.<span word="access">access</span> <span word="to">to</span> 接近,了解 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="mention">mention</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="capital">capital</span>? 我是不是提到了获得融资渠道这一点? <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="incredibly">incredibly</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="backman">backman</span>. 白克曼说：他的投入达到了难以想象的地步，而且学生们也有联系他的渠道。 4.<span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="to">to</span> 未能 <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="washington">washington</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pursue">pursue</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="street">street</span>? 为什么华盛顿未能问责华尔街? <span word="Things">Things</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="grasp">grasp</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="suffer">suffer</span>. 世事变迁，而且你也未能领会承受折磨的真相。</p>
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