欧洲移民胜利大逃亡
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="European">European</span> <span word="migration">migration</span> 欧洲移民 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="escape">escape</span> 胜利大逃亡 <span word="Emigration">Emigration</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="relieve">relieve</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="wages">wages</span> <span word="inweak">inweak</span> <span word="economies">economies</span> 在经济疲软的背景下，欧洲人移民国外也许不能在工资方面缓解压力 <span word="Purchasing">Purchasing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="move">move</span> 购买力在移动 <span word="TO">TO</span> <span word="ECONOMISTS">ECONOMISTS</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="optimal">optimal</span> <span word="currency">currency</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gains">gains</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="sharing">sharing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="singlecurrency">singlecurrency</span> <span word="outweigh">outweigh</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="costs">costs</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="debate">debate</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="euro">euro</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="qualifies">qualifies</span>. 对于经济学家来说，一个最优货币区意味着共用同一种货币的收益要大于成本。欧元区是否符合最优货币区的条件，存在一些争议。 <span word="Among">Among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="keys">keys</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="currencies">currencies</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Robert">Robert</span> <span word="Mundell">Mundell</span>, <span word="thegodfather">thegodfather</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="optimal">optimal</span>-<span word="currency">currency</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="workforce">workforce</span>. <span word="Countries">Countries</span> <span word="tying">tying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monetaryknot">monetaryknot</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="slash">slash</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="devalue">devalue</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="stormclouds">stormclouds</span> <span word="gather">gather</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="slumpfocused">slumpfocused</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="region">region</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="currency">currency</span> <span word="zone">zone</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="time">time</span>: <span word="until">until</span> <span word="fallingwages">fallingwages</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="hiring">hiring</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="more">more</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="jobless">jobless</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="sticks">sticks</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sunniershores">sunniershores</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="discomfort">discomfort</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="curbed">curbed</span>. 根据最优货币理论的鼻祖，罗伯特.蒙代尔的理论，流动的劳动力是从统一货币的政策中获利的关键。当不利的经济信号显现时，参与实施统一货币政策的众多国家将放弃削减利率或干预货币贬值的权力。在统一货币区内，经济衰退集中在一个地区，因此，这种经济衰退会持续很长一段时间，直到这个地区的工资下降，使得招聘启事再次具有吸引力。但是如果失业者可以迁居到经济状况较好的地区，这种经济衰退就可以得到抑制。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="prescient">prescient</span> <span word="critics">critics</span> <span word="noted">noted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="fluidity">fluidity</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="characteristiccommonly">characteristiccommonly</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="markets">markets</span>. <span word="Just">Just</span> 0.35% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Europeans">Europeans</span> <span word="migrateacross">migrateacross</span> <span word="borders">borders</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 2.5% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="foranother">foranother</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="boosted">boosted</span> <span word="euro">euro</span>-<span word="area">area</span> <span word="migration">migration</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="overall">overall</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="small">small</span>. 20世纪90年代，几位有先见之明的评论家指出，流动性指标不常用来说明欧洲劳动力市场特征。每年跨国迁移的欧洲人仅有0.35%，而有近2.5%的美国人跨州迁移，两者相比，前者迁移人数很少。经济危机提升了欧元区的人口迁移比率，但总体迁移人数并不多。 <span word="Immobility">Immobility</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="drag">drag</span> <span word="academics">academics</span> <span word="fear">fear</span>, <span word="however">however</span>. <span word="New">New</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="byEmmanuel">byEmmanuel</span> <span word="Farhi">Farhi</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Ivn">Ivn</span> <span word="Werning">Werning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="MIT">MIT</span> <span word="finds">finds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="although">although</span> <span word="migrantsout">migrantsout</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="depressed">depressed</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="relocation">relocation</span>, <span word="those">those</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="ormay">ormay</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span>, <span word="depending">depending</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slump">slump</span>. 然而，人口流动停滞也许并不总是那么让学者们担心。在一项新开展的研究中，哈佛大学的<span word="EmmanuelFarhi">EmmanuelFarhi</span>和麻省理工的<span word="Ivn">Ivn</span> <span word="Werning">Werning</span>发现，尽管人们从经济萧条地区迁移出去可以按照预期推动迁居地的经济发展，但原住地是否能从中获益，这取决于经济衰退的性质。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="note">note</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="departing">departing</span> <span word="migrants">migrants</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="purchasing">purchasing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="themwhen">themwhen</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="go">go</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="region">region</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="troubles">troubles</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tumbling">tumbling</span> <span word="exports">exports</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="deal">deal</span>.<span word="Exporting">Exporting</span> <span word="surplus">surplus</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="spares">spares</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="struggling">struggling</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="suffer">suffer</span> <span word="falling">falling</span> <span word="wages">wages</span>. 他们指出，问题是，移民者的离去使得原住地失去了这部分人群的购买力。如果一个地区的困扰是出口严重下滑的结果，这没什么大不了的。出口剩余的劳动力使得疲弱的经济不必再遭受工资下降的打击。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="struggling">struggling</span> <span word="region">region</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="facing">facing</span> <span word="weak">weak</span> <span word="domestic">domestic</span> <span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="shipping">shipping</span> <span word="excesslabour">excesslabour</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="help">help</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="loss">loss</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="migrants">migrants</span> <span word="spending">spending</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="weakensdemand">weakensdemand</span>. <span word="Instead">Instead</span>, <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="exports">exports</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="insufficient">insufficient</span> <span word="domesticspending">domesticspending</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="improved">improved</span> <span word="competitivenesswhich">competitivenesswhich</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="wages">wages</span>. 如果情况相反，经济疲弱地区正面临的是内需不足，再向国外输出过剩劳动力就无益了，因为若失去这部分移民者的购买力，则会进一步削弱内需。取而代之的解决方案应该是，需要更高的出口来弥补国内消费不足。这就需要提高竞争力，而提高竞争力通常意味着低工资。 <span word="Interestingly">Interestingly</span>, <span word="however">however</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="improves">improves</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="move">move</span>, <span word="migrants">migrants</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="judgetheir">judgetheir</span> <span word="fortunes">fortunes</span> <span word="relative">relative</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="paperfrom">paperfrom</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Study">Study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Labour">Labour</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="think">think</span>-<span word="tank">tank</span>, <span word="migrants">migrants</span> <span word="toGermanybecome">toGermanybecome</span> <span word="glummer">glummer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="origin">origin</span> <span word="does">does</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="theycheer">theycheer</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="considerably">considerably</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="rises">rises</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>, <span word="presumably">presumably</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="thatconfirms">thatconfirms</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="moved">moved</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Germanylongenough">Germanylongenough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="Schadenfreude">Schadenfreude</span>. 有趣的是，迁移过程中，无论移民者的生活怎样改善，他们都倾向于依据家乡的经济状况来评判自己的财富状况。根据一个德国智囊团，劳动力研究所的一份新的工作报告，迁入德国的移民变得愈加愁苦，他们本国的经济就变得愈好。但是当发现本国失业率上升，他们就明显振作起来，大概是因为这证明了自己当初移民是明智的抉择。到那时，他们也许已经在德国居住了很久，以至于都学会了幸灾乐祸这类德语单词。 词语解释 1.<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> 根据，按照;据所说 <span word="All">All</span> <span word="firsts">firsts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="gm">gm</span>. 据通用公司表示，这些都是汽车史上的头一遭。 <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="weiner">weiner</span>, <span word="product">product</span> <span word="teams">teams</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="continue">continue</span> <span word="tocrank">tocrank</span>. 据韦纳尔表示，产品团队将继续发挥奇思妙想。 2.<span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> 放弃;投降;把让给 <span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="says">says</span>. 永不放弃，他说。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="message">message</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span>. 这仿佛给他捎来飞鸿，让他不要放弃这一切。 3.<span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> 致力于;使聚焦于 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="dated">dated</span> <span word="futures">futures</span> <span word="contracts">contracts</span>. 这些基金很多只关注期限较长的期货合约。 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="entrepreneurs">entrepreneurs</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="customer">customer</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span>? 创业者给予客户关系的重视足够吗? 4.<span word="compare">compare</span> <span word="with">with</span> 与相比;比得上 <span word="Life">Life</span> <span word="isn">isn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="fair">fair</span>-<span word="don">don</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="compare">compare</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="jealous">jealous</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 生活并不是公平的不要比较也不要嫉妒别人。 <span word="Atheists">Atheists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="precious">precious</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="compare">compare</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="this">this</span>. 相比之下，无神论者的资源就少得可怜。</p>
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