meili 发表于 2022-10-18 19:40:49

能源效率融资

<p>  2015复习正是强化复习阶段,在考研英语中占了40分,所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读,快速提高考研英语阅读水平。  <span word="Financing">Financing</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span>  能源效率融资  <span word="Money">Money</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span>  钱不是万能的  <span word="Green">Green</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="proving">proving</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="amonghomeowners">amonghomeowners</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>  事实证明绿色贷款在房主中并不如预期受欢迎  <span word="RETROFITTING">RETROFITTING</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="bea">bea</span> <span word="no">no</span>-<span word="brainer">brainer</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="homeowners">homeowners</span>. <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="money">money</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="loss">loss</span> <span word="fromdraughty">fromdraughty</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="handsome">handsome</span> <span word="return">return</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="bills">bills</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="practice">practice</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="arecautious">arecautious</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="improvements">improvements</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="solid">solid</span>-<span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="insulation">insulation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="solar">solar</span> <span word="panels">panels</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="over">over</span>25 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="initial">initial</span> <span word="cost">cost</span>. <span word="Few">Few</span> <span word="owners">owners</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="willing">willing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="long">long</span>: <span word="by">by</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="manyare">manyare</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="sold">sold</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="moved">moved</span> <span word="on">on</span>.  对于大多数房主来说为了节能而翻新房屋是一件再简单不过的事了。房主把钱花在运用某些方法上使透风的房子能够减少热损失,随着时间的推移,这些钱应该会因为低额的燃料费而产生丰厚的回报。但是事实上,大多数屋主还是很谨慎的。像换上绝缘墙、太阳能电池板这样的翻新措施往往要花上超过25年的时间才能回本。大多数房主都不愿意这么做,因为到那时很多人可能已经把房子卖掉了或者已经搬走了。  <span word="Several">Several</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="finance">finance</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="address">address</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. <span word="Since">Since</span>2008 <span word="PACE">PACE</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="homeowners">homeowners</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finance">finance</span> <span word="improvements">improvements</span>,<span word="repaid">repaid</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="taxes">taxes</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="property">property</span>, <span word="whoever">whoever</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="belongs">belongs</span> <span word="to">to</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span>, <span word="theGreen">theGreen</span> <span word="Deal">Deal</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> 25-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="period">period</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="repayments">repayments</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="bills">bills</span>.<span word="Countries">Countries</span> <span word="including">including</span> <span word="France">France</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="initiatives">initiatives</span>.  一些政府已经为解决此问题而开始了融资计划。2008年以来,清洁能源财产评估计划已经为很多美国房主提供了低息贷款,以资助他们进行房屋设施的翻新改善。这种贷款通过对该房屋征收更高的地方税而得以偿还。在英国,绿色协议会提供超过25年期的贷款,该贷款通过追加能源账单而得以偿还。包括法国、加拿大在内的国家也采取了类似的举措。  <span word="In">In</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>-<span word="saving">saving</span> <span word="measures">measures</span>, <span word="suchas">suchas</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="insulation">insulation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="boilers">boilers</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="owner">owner</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="costsupfront">costsupfront</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="enrolment">enrolment</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="disappointed">disappointed</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Sean">Sean</span> <span word="Kidney">Kidney</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ClimateBonds">ClimateBonds</span> <span word="Initiative">Initiative</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="think">think</span>-<span word="tank">tank</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span>, <span word="just">just</span> 1% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="assessed">assessed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Green">Green</span> <span word="Deal">Deal</span> <span word="havesigned">havesigned</span> <span word="up">up</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Berkeley">Berkeley</span>, <span word="California">California</span>, <span word="home">home</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="PACE">PACE</span> <span word="scheme">scheme</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="take">take</span>-<span word="up">up</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="issimilarly">issimilarly</span> <span word="paltry">paltry</span>.  按理说,这些方案应该会促进在节能措施上的投资,比如在购买额外的绝缘设备和新的热水器的时候,首次购买者不必预先支付所有费用。但是根据来自气候债券倡议智囊团的肖恩基德尼所说,这些方案的采纳率令人失望。在英国,仅有1%同意签署了绿色协议。在清洁能源财产评估计划出台的地方,也就是加利福尼亚州的伯克利,该方案的采纳率也是非常得低。  <span word="Homeowners">Homeowners</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="unimpressed">unimpressed</span> <span word="chiefly">chiefly</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="high">high</span>. <span word="TheGreen">TheGreen</span> <span word="Deal">Deal</span> <span word="charges">charges</span> 7%; <span word="some">some</span> <span word="PACE">PACE</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hefty">hefty</span> 8%. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="fixed">fixed</span> <span word="fordecades">fordecades</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="inevitably">inevitably</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="unattractive">unattractive</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="short">short</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="low">low</span>.  房主不愿意采纳这些方案的主要原因是看似颇高的贷款利率。绿色协议提供的贷款利率为7%,清洁能源财产评估计划提供的贷款利率更是达到了相对较高的8%。尽管这些利率将保持几十年不变,但是在短期利率较低的时候,就像现在,这些利率就不可避免地看上去毫无吸引力。  <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="doubt">doubt</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="bills">bills</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="repayments">repayments</span>.<span word="For">For</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="claims">claims</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="installing">installing</span> <span word="loft">loft</span> <span word="insulation">insulation</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="bills">bills</span> <span word="by">by</span> 20% <span word="havebeen">havebeen</span> <span word="dented">dented</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="reduced">reduced</span> <span word="gas">gas</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="only">only</span> 1.7% <span word="onaverage">onaverage</span>. <span word="Others">Others</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="green">green</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="home">home</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="firmsthat">firmsthat</span> <span word="underwrite">underwrite</span> <span word="mortgages">mortgages</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="hostile">hostile</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="PACE">PACE</span> <span word="loans">loans</span>.  许多人也会怀疑自己是否能节省下足够的能源费用来支付贷款在英国,有人宣称,安装阁楼绝缘材料能砍掉20%的能源费用,但一项政府研究打击了这一断言,该研究发现,该材料平均仅能降低1.7%的天然气消耗。而其他人则担心绿色贷款会使自己的房屋贬值。在美国,抵押贷款的承销公司坚决反对清洁能源财产评估计划提供贷款。  <span word="Green">Green</span> <span word="loans">loans</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flop">flop</span> <span word="everywhere">everywhere</span>. <span word="Around">Around</span> 250,000 <span word="households">households</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span> <span word="signup">signup</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="only">only</span> 1% <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="eachyear">eachyear</span>, <span word="thanks">thanks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="annual">annual</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="subsidy">subsidy</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1.5 <span word="billion">billion</span>. <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="oftaxpayers">oftaxpayers</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="question">question</span>.  然而,绿色贷款也不是在哪儿都遭遇窘境。在德国,每年都有近25万户人家会签署绿色贷款协议。他们这样做的原因是每年他们只需要为此支付1%的利息,因为每年政府都会发放15亿欧元的公共财政补贴。然而这是否是有效利用纳税人的钱又成了另一个问题。  词语解释  1.<span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> 可能  <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span>, <span word="marijuana">marijuana</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="tocontinue">tocontinue</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="banks">banks</span>.  有鉴于此,大麻公司很可能要继续为寻找银行而烦恼了。  <span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="export">export</span>-<span word="oriented">oriented</span> <span word="economies">economies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="toget">toget</span> <span word="hit">hit</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="recession">recession</span>.  其他一些出口型经济体也很有可能在新一轮的衰退中遭受重创。  2.<span word="design">design</span> <span word="to">to</span> 用于设计  <span word="Need">Need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="print">print</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="client">client</span>?  需要将你的设计打印出来去见客户吗?  <span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="website">website</span> <span word="unique">unique</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="memorable">memorable</span>.  我们能用设计使一个网站独一无二且更易记住。  3.<span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span> 隶属于  <span word="Kashmir">Kashmir</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="india">india</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pakistan">pakistan</span>.  克什米尔地区无法既属于印度又属于巴基斯坦。  <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="christ">christ</span> <span word="don">don</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="condemnation">condemnation</span>.  属基督的人就不生活在对被定罪的惧怕之中。  4.<span word="add">add</span> <span word="to">to</span> 增加,加强  <span word="If">If</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="then">then</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="gains">gains</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="temporary">temporary</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="debt">debt</span> <span word="load">load</span>.  否则,任何经济增长都是暂时的,而且还会增加债务负担。  <span word="Initially">Initially</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="debts">debts</span>.  至少,从最初来看,奥运会不会加剧这个国家早已沉重的债务负担。</p>
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