中国专利
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> 中国专利 <span word="Ever">Ever</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="inventive">inventive</span> 越来越具创造性 <span word="Mainland">Mainland</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="theirintellectual">theirintellectual</span> <span word="property">property</span> 内地企业正在建立自己的知识产权 <span word="CHINA">CHINA</span> <span word="S">S</span> <span word="leaders">leaders</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="rungs">rungs</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="theladder">theladder</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span> <span word="powerhouse">powerhouse</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="five">five</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="plans">plans</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="subsidiesand">subsidiesand</span> <span word="official">official</span> <span word="exhortations">exhortations</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="encouraged">encouraged</span> <span word="locals">locals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="file">file</span> <span word="patents">patents</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="locals">locals</span> <span word="haveresponded">haveresponded</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="gusto">gusto</span>. <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="patent">patent</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="busiest">busiest</span>.<span word="Sceptics">Sceptics</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="scoffed">scoffed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="filed">filed</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="utility">utility</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="patentsshort">patentsshort</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="onesgranted">onesgranted</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="trivial">trivial</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="opposed">opposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="invention">invention</span> <span word="patentsand">patentsand</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="fewChinese">fewChinese</span> <span word="inventors">inventors</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="higher">higher</span>. 中国的领导人们认为，专利便是通往创新大国那扶梯上的横档。因此，不论是在五年计划里，还是经由种种补贴和官方规诫，他们一直鼓励国人申请专利，而国人也对此颇为捧场，两年前，中国专利局一跃成为世界上最繁忙的专利机构。怀疑论者对这些专利嗤之以鼻，他们认为，大多数人申请的都是实用新型专利，与正式的发明专利不同，这类短期专利价值不高。而且，对那些专利门槛颇高的国家而言，很少有中国发明人能入其法眼。 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="patents">patents</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="argued">argued</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="exercises">exercises</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="quota">quota</span>-<span word="filling">filling</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="academics">academics</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="ofcommercialisation">ofcommercialisation</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="short">short</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sham">sham</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="quite">quite</span>, <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="UN">UN</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="WorldIntellectual">WorldIntellectual</span> <span word="Property">Property</span> <span word="Organisation">Organisation</span> . <span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="scrutinises">scrutinises</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="andconcludes">andconcludes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="proportion">proportion</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="standards">standards</span>. 也有另一种说法称，许多专利是学者们纯粹为了定量完成任务而练手的结果，并没有将其商业化的期许。说白了，这些都是伪专利。不过在联合国世界知识产权组织看来，也非尽然如此。一项审视中国专利的新研究得出结论，称其占比虽小，但迅速增长的比例已达到世界标准。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="WIPO">WIPO</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="filed">filed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="residentsthat">residentsthat</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="those">those</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Chineseaddresswho">Chineseaddresswho</span> <span word="filed">filed</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mainland">mainland</span>. <span word="So">So</span>, <span word="inventions">inventions</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="labsof">labsof</span> <span word="GE">GE</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Philips">Philips</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="included">included</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="multinationals">multinationals</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="file">file</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="orEurope">orEurope</span>. <span word="Foxconn">Foxconn</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="goliath">goliath</span> <span word="controlled">controlled</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Hon">Hon</span> <span word="Hai">Hai</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Taiwan">Taiwan</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thestudy">thestudy</span> <span word="because">because</span>, <span word="unlike">unlike</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="Taiwanese">Taiwanese</span> <span word="firms">firms</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="resides">resides</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="files">files</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="onthe">onthe</span> <span word="mainland">mainland</span>. 世界知识产权组织仅将中国居民申请的专利列入统计这包含两个概念：申请人居住在中国，且是在内地首次注册专利。而由于西方跨国公司通常会先在美国或欧洲申请专利，通用和飞利浦的上海实验室做出的发明便不包括在统计之列。之所以台湾鸿海集团旗下的制造业巨擘富士康包括在此项研究之内是因为和其他台商不同，它的驻地在中国，且是在内地首次注册专利。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="thatthe">thatthe</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="filed">filed</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="sharply">sharply</span> . <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span>,<span word="since">since</span> 2003, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="invention">invention</span> <span word="patents">patents</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="utility">utility</span>-<span word="model">model</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. 该研究结果在许多方面挑战了传统认知。他们不仅表明在国外申请的中国专利数量急剧上升。还表明自2003年以来，这些专利大部分都是费了番脑子的发明，而非中看不中用的实用新型绣花枕头。 <span word="Finally">Finally</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="topping">topping</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rankings">rankings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="patent">patent</span> <span word="applications">applications</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="revealing">revealing</span>.<span word="Some">Some</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Huawei">Huawei</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ZTE">ZTE</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="unsurprising">unsurprising</span>: 29% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="filings">filings</span> <span word="from">from</span> 2005 <span word="to">to</span> 2009<span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="communications">communications</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>. <span word="Lenovo">Lenovo</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="at">at</span> 16<span word="th">th</span>. <span word="Others">Others</span>, <span word="likeSinopec">likeSinopec</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gas">gas</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="BYD">BYD</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="batteries">batteries</span>, <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rising">rising</span>. 而值得注意的是，国外专利申请排名靠前的公司也慢慢冒头。华为和中兴之类的企业跻身其中不足为奇：2005至2009年，源自信息和通信技术行业的专利申请占国外专利市场的29%。联想位列第16位。而出现在名单上的其他公司，像石油和天然气领域的中石化，以及电池行业的比亚迪，都意味着能源产业的崛起。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="spots">spots</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="divisions">divisions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Foxconn">Foxconn</span>. <span word="By">By</span> 2012 <span word="it">it</span> <span word="hadfiled">hadfiled</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 12,000 <span word="patents">patents</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="electrical">electrical</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="computertechnology">computertechnology</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="audio">audio</span>-<span word="video">video</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="firm">firm</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="scorn">scorn</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="tech">tech</span> <span word="sweatshop">sweatshop</span> <span word="turns">turns</span> <span word="outto">outto</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="invention">invention</span>. 出人意料的是，名单上排名前五的公司有三位是由富士康的部门占据。至2012年为止，富士康已在国外申请超过12000项专利，覆盖面从电机到计算机技术，再到音视频技术。被一些人所轻视的低技术含量的血汗工厂到头来居然是发明界的典范。 词语解释 1.<span word="build">build</span> <span word="up">up</span> 逐步建立;增进 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="triggered">triggered</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="electrical">electrical</span> <span word="charges">charges</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="instorm">instorm</span> <span word="clouds">clouds</span>. 电荷在积雨云中聚积起来就会触发闪电。 <span word="Familiarity">Familiarity</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="up">up</span>. 熟悉度的建立需要时间。 2.<span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="to">to</span> 鼓励 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="joint">joint</span> <span word="venture">venture</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="china">china</span>. 我们鼓励合资企业在中国之外的市场上销售其产品。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="thoughts">thoughts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="project">project</span>. 我鼓励您加入这个列表，并提供您对这个项目的想法。 3.<span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="with">with</span> 回复 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="pirates">pirates</span> <span word="attack">attack</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="armed">armed</span> <span word="guards">guards</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="flares">flares</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="warning">warning</span> <span word="shots">shots</span>. 当海盗袭击的时候，这些武装好警卫用火焰或闪光镜头恐吓他们。 <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="agility">agility</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="changes">changes</span>. 但是你需要对出现的问题和发生的变化作出快速响应。 4.<span word="oppose">oppose</span> <span word="to">to</span> 反对 <span word="Oppose">Oppose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="height">height</span> <span word="restriction">restriction</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="district">district</span>. 反对区内建筑物高度限制。 <span word="Sublimity">Sublimity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tragedy">tragedy</span> <span word="forces">forces</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ugliness">ugliness</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="justice">justice</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="progress">progress</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ugliness">ugliness</span> <span word="doesnot">doesnot</span> <span word="oppose">oppose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="art">art</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="beauty">beauty</span>. 崇高艺术、悲剧艺术迫使丑随同美一道体现正义与进步，丑艺术则没有美与丑的对抗。</p>
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