爱德华马内的肖像画
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="portraits">portraits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Edouard">Edouard</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> 爱德华马内的肖像画 <span word="Bold">Bold</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> 勇辟蹊径，立异标新 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="imbue">imbue</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="paintings">paintings</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="nophotograph">nophotograph</span> <span word="could">could</span> 马内画笔下的人物生动形象，照片难以匹敌 <span word="THREE">THREE</span> <span word="portraits">portraits</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dark">dark</span>-<span word="eyed">eyed</span>,<span word="forthright">forthright</span> <span word="beauty">beauty</span> <span word="stares">stares</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="viewer">viewer</span>; <span word="another">another</span> <span word="features">features</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="scarlet">scarlet</span>-<span word="lipped">lipped</span>, <span word="tormented">tormented</span> <span word="womanringed">womanringed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="inky">inky</span> <span word="sea">sea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="grief">grief</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wary">wary</span> <span word="creature">creature</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pert">pert</span> <span word="nose">nose</span> <span word="whoshivers">whoshivers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="furs">furs</span>. <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="mood">mood</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="technique">technique</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="remarkable">remarkable</span> <span word="thatthey">thatthey</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="painted">painted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Edouard">Edouard</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="between">between</span> 1868 <span word="and">and</span> 1874. <span word="More">More</span> <span word="remarkable">remarkable</span> <span word="still">still</span>, <span word="thesitters">thesitters</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>: <span word="Berthe">Berthe</span> <span word="Morisot">Morisot</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fellow">fellow</span> <span word="painter">painter</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="paintings">paintings</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="othersmake">othersmake</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="portraits">portraits</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Royal">Royal</span> <span word="Academy">Academy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="missed">missed</span>. 面墙，三幅肖像画。第一幅，一位黑眼睛美人凝视前方，神情真挚，仿佛盯着观众;另一幅中，一位女子唇如烈焰，神情痛苦，四周弥漫着浓浓的悲伤。最后一幅，画中人鼻子小巧笔挺，一副小心谨慎的样子，在皮草里瑟瑟发抖。这三幅作品的基调与技巧迥然相异，却都是爱德华马内在1868年至1874年间所创作的，实在了不起。更厉害的是，画中的模特儿是同一位女子：马内的同行画家贝尔特莫里索。这三幅画还有其他一些作品正在伦敦皇家艺术院的一个马内肖像画展览中展出，实在不容错过。 <span word="On">On</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> 50 <span word="paintings">paintings</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>. <span word="Inspired">Inspired</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dramatic">dramatic</span> <span word="masterpiecesof">masterpiecesof</span> <span word="Francisco">Francisco</span> <span word="Goya">Goya</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Diego">Diego</span> <span word="Velzquez">Velzquez</span> , <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Frans">Frans</span> <span word="Hals">Hals</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="geniusfor">geniusfor</span> <span word="portraying">portraying</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gusto">gusto</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="life">life</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="trace">trace</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="influences">influences</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hisefforts">hisefforts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="master">master</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vision">vision</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span>. <span word="Grouped">Grouped</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="theme">theme</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="portraits">portraits</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="spotlit">spotlit</span> <span word="againstdark">againstdark</span> <span word="walls">walls</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="jewel">jewel</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="are">are</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="curators">curators</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="exercised">exercised</span> <span word="morediscretion">morediscretion</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="stronger">stronger</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="one">one</span>; <span word="arranged">arranged</span> <span word="chronologically">chronologically</span>, <span word="itcould">itcould</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="artist">artist</span>. 展览有大约50幅油画及素描。这些作品是马内被弗朗西斯科戈雅、迭戈委拉兹开斯出色的大作所感染，又受佛兰斯哈尔斯画人物栩栩如生的本领所启发而创作的，从中可以看出马内受到哪些前辈的影响以及他为追求个人风格所做的努力。这些肖像画按主题展出，挂在黑暗的墙上用聚光灯照亮，仿佛每幅画都是一件珠宝。其中很多确实被视为珠宝，不过馆长考虑得还不够周到。如果规模小些，展览会更有感染力，如果作品按时间顺序展出，人们就可以更加了解马内。 <span word="Seductive">Seductive</span>, <span word="witty">witty</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="intelligent">intelligent</span>, <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="financially">financially</span> <span word="independent">independent</span>. <span word="Few">Few</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="theseportraits">theseportraits</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="commissions">commissions</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="pianist">pianist</span> <span word="wife">wife</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="glowing">glowing</span>, <span word="affectionateworks">affectionateworks</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="painted">painted</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="arresting">arresting</span> <span word="portraits">portraits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="canvasses">canvasses</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="VictorineMeurent">VictorineMeurent</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="model">model</span>, <span word="radiate">radiate</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sexual">sexual</span> <span word="charge">charge</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wearinga">wearinga</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="shirt">shirt</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="naked">naked</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="picnic">picnic</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fashionably">fashionably</span> <span word="dressedmen">dressedmen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="painting">painting</span> <span word="Le">Le</span> <span word="dejeuner">dejeuner</span> <span word="sur">sur</span> <span word="l">l</span> <span word="herbe">herbe</span>. <span word="Meurent">Meurent</span> <span word="inspired">inspired</span> <span word="haunting">haunting</span> <span word="andunforgettable">andunforgettable</span> <span word="works">works</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="one">one</span>, <span word="Olympia">Olympia</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unfortunately">unfortunately</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="inthis">inthis</span> <span word="show">show</span>. 马内本人迷人、诙谐、睿智，经济也比较宽裕。这些肖像画往往不是受人委托而画的。好几幅色彩鲜艳、充满深情的作品里，都可以看见马内那位钢琴家妻子的身影，马内还为朋友们画了一些出彩的肖像画。有些油画画的是职业模特维多利安莫涵，在画中她散发着一种性感的魅力。这种魅力不论莫涵只穿一件简单的衬衣，还是像马内另一幅著作《草地上的野餐》那样一丝不挂地与衣着入时的男子们野餐，你都能感受得到。莫涵激发了马内的灵感，使他画出了许多深入人心的作品，其中包括最著名的《奥林匹亚》，可惜这幅画不在本次展览中。 <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="hated">hated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="paintings">paintings</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="jammed">jammed</span> <span word="together">together</span>. <span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hangingcould">hangingcould</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="generous">generous</span>; <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cynic">cynic</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="stretched">stretched</span> <span word="out">out</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="gallery">gallery</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="devoted">devoted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="amap">amap</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Paris">Paris</span>. <span word="Music">Music</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Tuileries">Tuileries</span> <span word="Gardens">Gardens</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="freely">freely</span> <span word="painted">painted</span> <span word="park">park</span> <span word="scene">scene</span> <span word="from">from</span> 1862, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="aroom">aroom</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="crowded">crowded</span> <span word="vision">vision</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="hats">hats</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fashionable">fashionable</span> <span word="bonnets">bonnets</span> <span word="isnot">isnot</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="portrait">portrait</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="viewers">viewers</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="figures">figures</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="CharlesBaudelaire">CharlesBaudelaire</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="poet">poet</span>. <span word="Unstaged">Unstaged</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="exuberant">exuberant</span>, <span word="his">his</span> <span word="evocation">evocation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="hasbeen">hasbeen</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="picture">picture</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="brutally">brutally</span> <span word="attacked">attacked</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 马内不喜欢自己的作品被挂得密密麻麻地展出。而这次，展览场地可谓宽敞至极，有人可能会挖苦说简直是空旷。有个展厅专门用来展览一幅巴黎地图。《杜乐丽花园中的音乐》也有一个专门的展厅，画中人山人海，男士们戴着大礼帽，女士们戴着时尚软帽。其实这幅不算肖像画，不过观众可以从中认出马内和诗人查尔斯波德莱尔。这幅活泼随性的资产阶级玩乐图如今被尊为第一幅真正的现代画，但在当时却遭到猛烈抨击。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="critics">critics</span> <span word="shredded">shredded</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="mocked">mocked</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="inconsistent">inconsistent</span> <span word="style">style</span>; <span word="his">his</span> <span word="refusal">refusal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="respectconventions">respectconventions</span>. <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="vicious">vicious</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="lashes">lashes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="whip">whip</span>, <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="hadcontemporary">hadcontemporary</span> <span word="champions">champions</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="Baudelaire">Baudelaire</span>, <span word="Stephane">Stephane</span> <span word="Mallarme">Mallarme</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="symbolist">symbolist</span> <span word="poet">poet</span>, <span word="andEmile">andEmile</span> <span word="Zola">Zola</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="novelist">novelist</span>. <span word="Younger">Younger</span> <span word="artists">artists</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nascent">nascent</span> <span word="Impressionists">Impressionists</span>, <span word="also">also</span> <span word="admiredhim">admiredhim</span>. <span word="Pierre">Pierre</span>-<span word="Auguste">Auguste</span> <span word="Renoir">Renoir</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Cimabue">Cimabue</span> <span word="orGiotto">orGiotto</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Italians">Italians</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="continues">continues</span>. <span word="Rineke">Rineke</span> <span word="Dijkstra">Dijkstra</span>, <span word="aphotographer">aphotographer</span>, <span word="credits">credits</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="inspire">inspire</span> <span word="contemporary">contemporary</span> <span word="large">large</span>-<span word="format">format</span> <span word="portraits">portraits</span>. 那时，评论人士将马内批得体无完肤。他们讥讽马内的画风前后矛盾，笑话他不尊重传统。他们的毒舌就像鞭子的抽打，马内曾写道。但也有一些同时代的人拥护马内，包括波德莱尔、象征主义诗人斯忒法马拉美及小说家埃米尔左拉。年轻一代的画家也很崇拜他，如早期的印象派画家。皮埃尔-奥古斯特雷阿诺说，马内之于其拥护者，就如契马布埃或乔托之于十五世纪的意大利那样重要。时至今日，马内的影响力依然未减。摄影师日尼科迪克斯特拉认为，马内是现代大幅肖像画发展的功臣。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="happens">happens</span>, <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="style">style</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="portrait">portrait</span> <span word="photography">photography</span>.<span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> 30<span word="s">s</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="everybody">everybody</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="photograph">photograph</span>, <span word="himselfincluded">himselfincluded</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="understood">understood</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="painters">painters</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="makehis">makehis</span> <span word="portraits">portraits</span> <span word="boldly">boldly</span> <span word="strange">strange</span>, <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="Carol">Carol</span> <span word="Armstrong">Armstrong</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="art">art</span> <span word="historian">historian</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="bewithout">bewithout</span> <span word="disappointments">disappointments</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="ample">ample</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="Manet">Manet</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="revered">revered</span>. 当时恰逢人物摄影兴起，马内自己的画风多少受此影响。在马内三十多岁那个年代，似乎每个人都想要一张自己的照片，马内也不例外。美术史家卡罗阿姆斯特朗认为，马内深知摄影给画家带来了挑战，于是他打算创作出大胆而新奇的肖像画。这次展览可能会有不尽人意之处，但也能充分说明为什么马内如此备受推崇。 词语解释 1.<span word="stare">stare</span> <span word="at">at</span> 凝视 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="cross">cross</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="arms">arms</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="stare">stare</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="hecrumbles">hecrumbles</span>. 我交叉起双臂，盯着他直到他崩溃。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="stare">stare</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tv">tv</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 这些孩子会盯着电视看，还会对其指手画脚。 2.<span word="stretch">stretch</span> <span word="out">out</span> 延伸;绵延 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="stretch">stretch</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="greedy">greedy</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 如果你向它伸出贪婪的手。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="counter">counter</span>-<span word="cyclical">cyclical</span> <span word="strategy">strategy</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="stretch">stretch</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="to">to</span> 10 <span word="yearsand">yearsand</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="wastefully">wastefully</span>. 但是它不是一种短期的反周期策略，它将会延伸5至10年，而且应该很好地实施，而不是挥霍性实施。 3.<span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> 反应 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="actions">actions</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="markedly">markedly</span> <span word="different">different</span> 11 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. 11年前人们对此类事件的反应和今天大相径庭。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="criticism">criticism</span>? 您怎么回应受到的那些批评? 4.<span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> 打算，着手 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="screenwriter">screenwriter</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explore">explore</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="demandingtimes">demandingtimes</span>. 剧本作者一开始是要探讨不同的人面对艰难时期的方式。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="york">york</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="protesters">protesters</span> <span word="initially">initially</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="occupy">occupy</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="street">street</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="rebuffed">rebuffed</span> <span word="bypolice">bypolice</span>. 在纽约，抗议者最初打算占据华尔街，但却遭到了警方的断然拒绝。</p>
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