压力下的父母
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="Stressed">Stressed</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> 压力下的父母 <span word="Cancel">Cancel</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="violin">violin</span> <span word="class">class</span> 取消小提琴补习班 <span word="Helicopter">Helicopter</span> <span word="moms">moms</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dads">dads</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="harm">harm</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="kidsif">kidsif</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="relax">relax</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span> 揠苗助长的父母们，放松点，对孩子没坏处。 <span word="WELL">WELL</span>-<span word="TO">TO</span>-<span word="DO">DO</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="things">things</span>: <span word="that">that</span> <span word="theirchildren">theirchildren</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="freak">freak</span> <span word="accident">accident</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="iswildly">iswildly</span> <span word="exaggerated">exaggerated</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="staying">staying</span> <span word="awake">awake</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="worrying">worrying</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="nothelpand">nothelpand</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="miserable">miserable</span>. 富裕家庭的父母害怕两件事情：一件是他们的孩子死于意外事故，另一件是，孩子进不了哈佛读书。第一件可能过分的夸张，第二件则绝对真实。但是担心得夜不能寐起不到任何帮助作用，只会让你觉得痛苦。 <span word="Modern">Modern</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="risks">risks</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="considered">considered</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="gates">gates</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="topof">topof</span> <span word="stairs">stairs</span>, <span word="affix">affix</span> <span word="cushions">cushions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="table">table</span> <span word="corners">corners</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="jam">jam</span> <span word="plastic">plastic</span> <span word="guards">guards</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="sockets">sockets</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="smallfingers">smallfingers</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="electrocuted">electrocuted</span>. <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="guards">guards</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="choking">choking</span> <span word="hazards">hazards</span>, <span word="jests">jests</span> <span word="LenoreSkenazy">LenoreSkenazy</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Free">Free</span>-<span word="Range">Range</span> <span word="Kids">Kids</span>. <span word="Ms">Ms</span> <span word="Skenazy">Skenazy</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="nine">nine</span>-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="ride">ride</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="NewYork">NewYork</span> <span word="subway">subway</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="thrilled">thrilled</span>; <span word="but">but</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="TV">TV</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mob">mob</span> <span word="ofworrywarts">ofworrywarts</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="worst">worst</span> <span word="mom">mom</span>. 现在的父母看到了他们上一辈从未注意到过的危险。他们把大门安在楼梯顶上，给桌子安上桌角防撞贴，给插座插上保护盖以防止孩子的小手指触电。 《自由放养孩子》一书作者<span word="Lenore">Lenore</span> <span word="Skenazy">Skenazy</span>开玩笑的说，这些防护装置有潜在的窒息危险。<span word="Skenazy">Skenazy</span>让她九岁的孩子自己乘坐纽约的地铁。孩子因此非常激动，但当<span word="Skenazy">Skenazy</span>在电视上讲到此事，一群杞人忧天人士则说她是美国最糟糕的母亲。 <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="staggeringly">staggeringly</span> <span word="safe">safe</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="kid">kid</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1950<span word="s">s</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="fivetimes">fivetimes</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="kid">kid</span> <span word="today">today</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="kidnapped">kidnapped</span> <span word="andmurdered">andmurdered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stranger">stranger</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="minuscule">minuscule</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1.5<span word="m">m</span>. 然而，事实上美国的孩子们异常安全。在二十世纪五十年代，5岁以下孩子死亡率是现在的5倍。孩子被陌生人绑架、谋杀的可能性只有微不足道的150万分之一。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="success">success</span>? <span word="Surely">Surely</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="possibility">possibility</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="justifies">justifies</span> <span word="anyamount">anyamount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="junior">junior</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="violin">violin</span> <span word="lesson">lesson</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="calculus">calculus</span> <span word="tutor">tutor</span>? 那学术上取得成功又是怎么样的呢?进入哈佛的可能性当真证明了有从小提琴到微积分都很厉害的孩子? <span word="Bryan">Bryan</span> <span word="Caplan">Caplan</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="economist">economist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="George">George</span> <span word="Mason">Mason</span> <span word="University">University</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Selfish">Selfish</span> <span word="ReasonsTo">ReasonsTo</span> <span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="More">More</span> <span word="Kids">Kids</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="points">points</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="genes">genes</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="parenting">parenting</span>. <span word="AMinnesota">AMinnesota</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="identical">identical</span> <span word="twins">twins</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="similarly">similarly</span> <span word="clever">clever</span> <span word="regardless">regardless</span> <span word="ofwhether">ofwhether</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="household">household</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. <span word="Studies">Studies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Texas">Texas</span> <span word="andColorado">andColorado</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="adopted">adopted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="IQ">IQ</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="smarter">smarter</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="adoptedby">adoptedby</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="families">families</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Dutch">Dutch</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="smarter">smarter</span> <span word="than">than</span> 80% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thepopulation">thepopulation</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="identical">identical</span> <span word="twin">twin</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="smarterthan">smarterthan</span> 76% <span word="but">but</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="adopted">adopted</span> <span word="sibling">sibling</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="average">average</span>. <span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="twin">twin</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="adopted">adopted</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="thatgenes">thatgenes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="success">success</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="parenting">parenting</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="amodest">amodest</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. 乔治梅森大学的经济学家<span word="Bryan">Bryan</span> <span word="Caplan">Caplan</span>说，事实并非如此。在《多要孩子的自私原因》一书中，他拿出证据指出，基因的影响力远大于教养的影响力。明尼苏达州的一项研究表明，同卵双胞胎不论是否在同一家庭环境中成长，他们长大后的聪慧程度是相似的。德克萨斯州和科罗拉多州的研究发现，被高智商家庭收养的孩子并没有比普通家庭收养的孩子聪明。荷兰一项研究发现，如果你比80%的人聪明，那么你生的、在别的人家抚养起来的同卵双胞胎，将会比76%的人聪明，而你自己领养的孩子则是平均水平。其他关于双胞胎和领养的研究显示，基因对学术和经济上的成功有着巨大的影响，而教养只有轻微的作用。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="crucial">crucial</span> <span word="caveat">caveat</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="adoptive">adoptive</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="stringent">stringent</span> <span word="tests">tests</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="adoption">adoption</span> <span word="studiestypically">studiestypically</span> <span word="compare">compare</span> <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="homes">homes</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="homes">homes</span>; <span word="they">they</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="youlittle">youlittle</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="dysfunctional">dysfunctional</span> <span word="household">household</span>. 关键的警告是，养父母必须经过严格的测试。因此，领养研究通常在不错的中产家庭之间比较，并没有说明在贫穷或非正常家庭中成长会有什么影响。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="moral">moral</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Caplan">Caplan</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="relax">relax</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span>, <span word="cancel">cancel</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="violin">violin</span> <span word="classor">classor</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="kids">kids</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="outside">outside</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="parenting">parenting</span> <span word="style">style</span> <span word="passes">passes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laugh">laugh</span> <span word="test">test</span>, <span word="your">your</span> <span word="kidswill">kidswill</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fine">fine</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="writes">writes</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="adds">adds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="fretted">fretted</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="child">child</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="itless">itless</span> <span word="daunting">daunting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="happier">happier</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="longrun">longrun</span>. <span word="No">No</span> 60-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="wished">wished</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="grandchildren">grandchildren</span>. 对<span word="Caplan">Caplan</span>来说，其意义就是中产家庭父母应当放松点，取消一两个小提琴班，让孩子在外面玩玩。他在书中写到：如果你的养育形式通过了欢乐测试，你的孩子就会很棒。他补充说，如果父母少焦躁的对待孩子，父母可能会发现三个孩子比两个孩子更好。这会使他们在长期内更加快了。60岁的人都希望有更多的孙辈。 <span word="Does">Does</span> <span word="over">over</span>-<span word="parenting">parenting</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> <span word="children">children</span>? <span word="Probably">Probably</span> <span word="not">not</span>; <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="exhausts">exhausts</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>. <span word="Hence">Hence</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cascadeof">cascadeof</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="titles">titles</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="All">All</span> <span word="Joy">Joy</span> <span word="And">And</span> <span word="No">No</span> <span word="Fun">Fun</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Go">Go</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Fk">Fk</span> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="Sleep">Sleep</span>. <span word="Kids">Kids</span> <span word="notice">notice</span> <span word="whentheir">whentheir</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="overdoing">overdoing</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="Ellen">Ellen</span> <span word="Galinsky">Galinsky</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="researcher">researcher</span>, <span word="asked">asked</span> 1,000 <span word="kids">kids</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="theywould">theywould</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="schedules">schedules</span>. <span word="Few">Few</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="time">time</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="topwish">topwish</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="mom">mom</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dad">dad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="tired">tired</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="stressed">stressed</span>. 过度的教养伤害到孩子了吗?可能并没有。但是它让父母筋疲力尽。所以有一连串像《所有的快乐与不快乐》和《去他妈的睡觉》这样的书名。孩子会注意到父母们什么时候过头了。一名为<span word="Ellen">Ellen</span> <span word="Galinsky">Galinsky</span>的研究员询问了1000名孩子，问他们最想改变其父母时间表上的哪些东西。很少有孩子想要跟父母见面的时间。最大的心愿是，让爸爸妈妈不再那么紧张劳累。 词语解释 1.<span word="get">get</span> <span word="into">into</span> 进入;陷入 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>? 你是怎样进入这个行业的? <span word="Besides">Besides</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="asimplification">asimplification</span>. 此外,我认为,我们的生活应该达到一种简单化。 2.<span word="worry">worry</span> <span word="about">about</span> 焦虑;担心 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="worry">worry</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="life">life</span>. 我这一生都很省心。 <span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="worry">worry</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span>. 现在他不用为生活发愁了。 3.<span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="about">about</span> 说到 <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="area">area</span>? 你能对这个区域聊些什么吗? <span word="Now">Now</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="briefly">briefly</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="targets">targets</span>. 这里，我仅就其中两个方面的重要目标作简要说明。 4.<span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> 可能 <span word="Noticing">Noticing</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="coward">coward</span> <span word="sneaked">sneaked</span> <span word="away">away</span>. 那个胆小鬼看到有可能发生骚乱时就溜开了。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="gallop">gallop</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span>. 如果你匆匆完成你的工作，你就更可能出错了。</p>
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