南非城市现状
<p> 2015复习正是强化复习阶段，在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。名师老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。 <span word="South">South</span> <span word="African">African</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> 南非城市现状 <span word="Still">Still</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="apart">apart</span> 支离破碎 <span word="Urban">Urban</span> <span word="communities">communities</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="raciallines">raciallines</span>. <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>? 城市社区依然按照种族划分。这种状况是否有所转变? <span word="DRIVING">DRIVING</span> <span word="throughSouth">throughSouth</span> <span word="Africacan">Africacan</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="adisheartening">adisheartening</span> <span word="trip">trip</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="time">time</span>. <span word="Twenty">Twenty</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="introducing">introducing</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="democracy">democracy</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="racistgeography">racistgeography</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="apartheid">apartheid</span> <span word="era">era</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="stubbornly">stubbornly</span> <span word="unchanged">unchanged</span>. 在南非境内驾车，犹如一场时空倒退的旅行。二十年前，南非就倡导完全民主，二十年后，南非的种族歧视和种族隔离并未得到一丝一毫改变。 <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="towns">towns</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="collection">collection</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shacks">shacks</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="rows">rows</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tiny">tiny</span> <span word="matchbox">matchbox</span> <span word="houses">houses</span>,<span word="inevitably">inevitably</span> <span word="inhabited">inhabited</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="blacks">blacks</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="swathe">swathe</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wasteland">wasteland</span> <span word="follows">follows</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="further">further</span> <span word="along">along</span>,<span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="town">town</span> <span word="proper">proper</span>. <span word="Between">Between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span>, <span word="black">black</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="alongroadsthere">alongroadsthere</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="pavementsor">pavementsor</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="pile">pile</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dilapidated">dilapidated</span> <span word="minibustaxis">minibustaxis</span> <span word="en">en</span> <span word="route">route</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Group">Group</span> <span word="Areas">Areas</span> <span word="Act">Act</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="physicallypushed">physicallypushed</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="whites">whites</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="margins">margins</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="towns">towns</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1950<span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="distance">distance</span>, <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="toprovide">toprovide</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span> <span word="labourare">labourare</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="evident">evident</span>. 多数城镇郊区都是成片破旧的、极其狭窄的房屋，这无疑是黑人的住所。周围是一大片荒地，再远处就是城区了。市区和郊区间并没有人行道，出门工作时，黑人们只能穿过田地或者道路，有时候还要挤破烂不堪的面包车。1950年族群住区法将非白种人驱赶至城市边缘地带有一定距离，但这距离也足够提供廉价劳动力这种状况如今并无任何转变。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="sprawlingJohannesburg">sprawlingJohannesburg</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="inSouth">inSouth</span> <span word="Africaand">Africaand</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="heartland">heartland</span>,<span word="government">government</span> <span word="officials">officials</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="spatial">spatial</span> <span word="apartheid">apartheid</span>. <span word="City">City</span> <span word="planners">planners</span> <span word="haveembarked">haveembarked</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ambitious">ambitious</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="restitchJohannesburg">restitchJohannesburg</span>, <span word="aiming">aiming</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="narrow">narrow</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greatdistances">greatdistances</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="homes">homes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="Getting">Getting</span> <span word="communitiesto">communitiesto</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="task">task</span>. <span word="Income">Income</span> <span word="inequality">inequality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="ofviolent">ofviolent</span> <span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="races">races</span> <span word="apart">apart</span>. <span word="Government">Government</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provideelectricity">provideelectricity</span>, <span word="water">water</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unintended">unintended</span> <span word="consequence">consequence</span> <span word="ofstrengthening">ofstrengthening</span> <span word="apartheid">apartheid</span> <span word="geography">geography</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="put">put</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scheme">scheme</span> <span word="canstill">canstill</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>. 约翰尼斯堡被分割的七零八碎，却是南非最大的城市和经济中心，政府官员们正在努力打破这种种族隔离状态。城市规划者们已经着手实施一项伟大工程重新使约翰尼斯堡成为一个整体，缩短黑人住所和工作地点的距离。但是，让人们挨着彼此近距离生活、挨着彼此并不容易。收入不均和对犯罪的担忧也对种族隔离造成影响。政府努力给穷人们供应电力、水源和住房，鼓励人们待在原地不动，这也造成了种族隔离的意外结果。但是这种体制也大大改变了人们的生活。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="flagship">flagship</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="inJohannesburgis">inJohannesburgis</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stylish">stylish</span> <span word="pedestrian">pedestrian</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="Alexandratownship">Alexandratownship</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="Nelson">Nelson</span> <span word="Mandela">Mandela</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slum">slum</span>-<span word="like">like</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="haven">haven</span> <span word="tchanged">tchanged</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Sandton">Sandton</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="wealthiest">wealthiest</span> <span word="suburb">suburb</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="statue">statue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="MrMandela">MrMandela</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dwarfed">dwarfed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="upscale">upscale</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="malls">malls</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crow">crow</span> <span word="flies">flies</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="busiest">busiest</span> <span word="highway">highway</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="greatpractical">greatpractical</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 10,000 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="Alexandraand">Alexandraand</span> <span word="Sandton">Sandton</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. <span word="Construction">Construction</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="month">month</span>. 约翰尼斯堡大张旗鼓的工程就像个时尚的人行天桥，链接着曼德拉曾住过的亚历山大小镇，那儿的贫民窟什么的至今并未得到改变，该城镇最富有的郊区桑顿屹立着曼德拉的雕像，但却因一座座拔地而起的购物商场而显的矮小。这两个地方像两条平行线，距离非常近，但却被中间繁忙的高速公路隔离开来。该工程应该有些实际利益。根据一项交通调查，每天至少有10000人步行在亚历山大和桑顿之间。预计下个月开始着手建设。 <span word="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Corridors">Corridors</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Freedom">Freedom</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="includes">includes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="expansion">expansion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="busnetwork">busnetwork</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dedicated">dedicated</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cycling">cycling</span> <span word="paths">paths</span>, <span word="linking">linking</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="slated">slated</span> <span word="formixed">formixed</span>-<span word="usedevelopment">usedevelopment</span>. <span word="Low">Low</span>-<span word="income">income</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="chunks">chunks</span> <span word="oftheir">oftheir</span> <span word="salaries">salaries</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="transport">transport</span>. 约翰尼斯堡的自由走廊计划也包括扩宽城市的公交网，建设人行道和自行车道，发展共用空间。尤其是工作时间长的低收入人群，交通费用较大。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="mayor">mayor</span>, <span word="Parks">Parks</span> <span word="Tau">Tau</span>, <span word="speaks">speaks</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="transformation">transformation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="spatial">spatial</span> <span word="destinyand">destinyand</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="apartheid">apartheid</span> <span word="past">past</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="promotional">promotional</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="pragmaticpromise">pragmaticpromise</span>: <span word="Gone">Gone</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="forced">forced</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="dawn">dawn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="train">train</span>, <span word="bus">bus</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="taxi">taxi</span> <span word="toa">toa</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="residents">residents</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="neighbourhoods">neighbourhoods</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="planned">planned</span> <span word="corridors">corridors</span> <span word="havecomplained">havecomplained</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="consultation">consultation</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="fearful">fearful</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="worsenas">worsenas</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="masses">masses</span> <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="by">by</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="overdue">overdue</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span>,<span word="people">people</span>-<span word="friendlyJohannesburgwill">friendlyJohannesburgwill</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="city">city</span>. 市长帕克斯在谈到我们的生存空间将会全方位转型，摆脱过去的种族隔离状态。该城市的宣传资料中有这么个务实的承诺：压迫的日子将一去不复返了，早起赶火车、公交、出租车去工作的日子也不再有了。 自由走廊附近的居民都抱怨与城区缺乏沟通，每天有大量人群路过怕不安全，加大犯罪率。但其实这些担忧都是没必要的，约翰尼斯堡的人们将会过上美好的生活。 1.<span word="start">start</span> <span word="with">with</span> 从开始 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="choices">choices</span>? <span word="So">So</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="what">what</span>. 什么选择?我以领导什么开始。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="othersas">othersas</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 你现在就可以开始只用其中之一，如果你有时间的话，还可以加上其它的。 2.<span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> 足以，足够做 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sale">sale</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="fetch">fetch</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="debts">debts</span>. 出售这栋房子足以付清欠我们的债。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="unlucky">unlucky</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="kitchen">kitchen</span> <span word="cleanup">cleanup</span> <span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 她够倒霉的，在一周内两次抽签得下厨打扫。 3.<span word="break">break</span> <span word="down">down</span> 发生故障;失败 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="down">down</span> 汽车坏了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="earthquake">earthquake</span>. 那座桥在上次地震中坍塌了。</p>
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