Mobilephones
<p> 2015年阅读精选：<span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="phones">phones</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="phones">phones</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="accepted">accepted</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="roads">roads</span>, <span word="few">few</span> <span word="trains">trains</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="parlous">parlous</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="lines">lines</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="substitute">substitute</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="travel">travel</span>, <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="distributed">distributed</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>, <span word="enable">enable</span> <span word="traders">traders</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="wider">wider</span> <span word="markets">markets</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="ease">ease</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="business">business</span>. <span word="Leonard">Leonard</span> <span word="Waverman">Waverman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="Business">Business</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="phones">phones</span> <span word="per">per</span> 100 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="percentage">percentage</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="GDP">GDP</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="person">person</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="realise">realise</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="phones">phones</span>, <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="monopolies">monopolies</span>, <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="licences">licences</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="rival">rival</span> <span word="operators">operators</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="slash">slash</span> <span word="taxes">taxes</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="handsets">handsets</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="exceptions">exceptions</span> , <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="so">so</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="phones">phones</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="spreading">spreading</span> <span word="fast">fast</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poorest">poorest</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="phones">phones</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="spread">spread</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="view">view</span>: <span word="using">using</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="banking">banking</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="improving">improving</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="services">services</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="telecoms">telecoms</span> <span word="networks">networks</span>. <span word="Pioneering">Pioneering</span> <span word="m">m</span>-<span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="projects">projects</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Philippines">Philippines</span>, <span word="Kenya">Kenya</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="Africa">Africa</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="branchless">branchless</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deposit">deposit</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="withdraw">withdraw</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="operator">operator</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="airtime">airtime</span>-<span word="resale">resale</span> <span word="agents">agents</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="via">via</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="messages">messages</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="exchanged">exchanged</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="visiting">visiting</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="agent">agent</span>. <span word="Workers">Workers</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>; <span word="taxi">taxi</span>-<span word="drivers">drivers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="delivery">delivery</span>-<span word="drivers">drivers</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="payments">payments</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="around">around</span>; <span word="money">money</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="family">family</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deposit">deposit</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="journey">journey</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="withdraw">withdraw</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="end">end</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="safer">safer</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="lots">lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cash">cash</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="network">network</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="branches">branches</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="machines">machines</span>. <span word="M">M</span>-<span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="combined">combined</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="microfinance">microfinance</span> <span word="loans">loans</span>, <span word="extending">extending</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="enabling">enabling</span> <span word="users">users</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="establish">establish</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="debit">debit</span> <span word="cards">cards</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="m">m</span>-<span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span>. <span word="All">All</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unbanked">unbanked</span> <span word="masses">masses</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="services">services</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="formal">formal</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="foster">foster</span> <span word="m">m</span>-<span word="banking">banking</span>? <span word="As">As</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="phones">phones</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="putting">putting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="regulations">regulations</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="place">place</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="tight">tight</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="users">users</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="discourage">discourage</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="laundering">laundering</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="emerge">emerge</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="over">over</span>- <span word="and">and</span> <span word="under">under</span>-<span word="protective">protective</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Tim">Tim</span> <span word="Lyman">Lyman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="Bank">Bank</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="foresee">foresee</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="convergence">convergence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="telecommunications">telecommunications</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="services">services</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="licensed">licensed</span> <span word="banks">banks</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="collect">collect</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span> <span word="operator">operator</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="partnership">partnership</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bank">bank</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="agents">agents</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="comply">comply</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="covering">covering</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="height">height</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="counter">counter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="installation">installation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="alarms">alarms</span>. <span word="Financial">Financial</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="detailed">detailed</span> <span word="statements">statements</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="bank">bank</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="week">week</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="tricky">tricky</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="organisations">organisations</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="agents">agents</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="remote">remote</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="rigid">rigid</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="documents">documents</span> <span word="demanded">demanded</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="anybody">anybody</span> <span word="opening">opening</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="account">account</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="excludes">excludes</span> <span word="many">many</span>.</p>
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