2015考研英语阅读理解长难句解析50句一
<p> 阅读最难的就是长难句的理解，在线小编整理了2015长难句解析50句，希望考研考生可以通过长难句解析来提高理解能力。 1. <span word="Television">Television</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="pervasive">pervasive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="persuasive">persuasive</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="technologies">technologies</span>, <span word="marked">marked</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="growth">growth</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="era">era</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="era">era</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="extraordinary">extraordinary</span> <span word="sophistication">sophistication</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="versatility">versatility</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="promises">promises</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reshape">reshape</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="world">world</span>. 【结构分析】主句为 <span word="television">television</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="era">era</span>。其中 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span>...和<span word="marked">marked</span> <span word="by">by</span>..为插入语做定语修饰<span word="television">television</span>; <span word="an">an</span> <span word="era">era</span> <span word="of">of</span>是前面的<span word="new">new</span> <span word="era">era</span>的同位语;<span word="which">which</span>引导非限定性定语从句修饰<span word="era">era</span>。 【语法难点】名词短语和分词短语做插入语;逗号后出现名词短语做同位语;<span word="which">which</span>引导非限定性定语从句，此时不能用<span word="that">that</span>。 【词汇知识】<span word="pervasive">pervasive</span>普遍的[易混词]<span word="persuasive">persuasive</span>有说服力的 <span word="sophistication">sophistication</span>先进，精致;世故 <span word="versatility">versatility</span>多样化;多功能性 <span word="promise">promise</span>承诺;预示;给予希望 【参考译文】电视，这项以迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在 步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和我们的世界。 2. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="numerous">numerous</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="mothers">mothers</span>, <span word="only">only</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="literature">literature</span> <span word="focused">focused</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="father">father</span>. 【结构分析】主句为 <span word="only">only</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="literature">literature</span> <span word="focused">focused</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="father">father</span> 让步状语从句;<span word="only">only</span>放在句首后接状语引导倒装句，表示强调，主语为<span word="literature">literature</span> 【语法难点】<span word="although">although</span>引导让步状语从句，注意此时不能和<span word="but">but</span>连用;<span word="only">only</span>放在句首后接状语引导倒装结构，同理，当表否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，或当<span word="if">if</span>引导的虚拟语气省略<span word="if">if</span>时，以及当表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首时句子的主谓语必须倒装。 【词汇知识】<span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span>集中[同义词组]<span word="center">center</span> <span word="on">on</span>，<span word="concentrate">concentrate</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="study">study</span>. 你应该努力把思想集中在工作的学习上。 【参考译文】虽然关于美国母亲的书不胜枚举，但直到最近才有以父亲这一角色为中心的作品问世。 3. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="realized">realized</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="supplies">supplies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="limited">limited</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reasonable">reasonable</span> <span word="estimate">estimate</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="expectation">expectation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span> , <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="exhaust">exhaust</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="sources">sources</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reserves">reserves</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="materials">materials</span>. 【结构分析】全句为并列复合句，第一个<span word="it">it</span>为形式主语，<span word="that">that</span>引导着主语从句;第二个<span word="it">it</span> 是形式主语代替后面的不定式;<span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>...是<span word="expectation">expectation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span>的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而<span word="time">time</span>后面的句子是它的定语从句。句子的层次较多，翻译时需要作必要的调整。 【语法难点】并列结构通常由<span word="but">but</span>, <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="for">for</span>, <span word="or">or</span>四个并列连词引导;<span word="it">it</span>做形式主语时一般代替后面的从句和不定式短语等。 【词汇知识】<span word="expectation">expectation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span>预期寿命 <span word="exhaust">exhaust</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 用尽，耗尽，抽完，使精疲力尽 <span word="be">be</span> <span word="exhausted">exhausted</span> <span word="by">by</span>/<span word="with">with</span> 因而疲劳 【参考译文】可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物质可望存在多少年，也就是说，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。 4. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="Democrats">Democrats</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="priority">priority</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improving">improving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smuggling">smuggling</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="v">v</span> <span word="weapons">weapons</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="destruction">destruction</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="entry">entry</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attack">attack</span> <span word="occur">occur</span>. 【结构分析】本句为主句<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>句型加上三个从句。其中<span word="Democrats">Democrats</span>...为定语从句修饰 <span word="argument">argument</span>; <span word="that">that</span>...引导同位语从句说明<span word="argument">argument</span>的具体内容;<span word="should">should</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attack">attack</span> <span word="occur">occur</span>为虚拟语气，省略了引导词<span word="if">if</span>,并引起句子倒装。另外，<span word="to">to</span> <span word="improving">improving</span> 为介词短语修饰<span word="priority">priority</span>; <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span>为不定式短语修饰<span word="ability">ability</span>。 【语法难点】引导词的省略情况：引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时;引导宾语从句时，<span word="that">that</span> 不表示任何意义时;<span word="if">if</span>引导虚拟语气时，同时该句主谓倒装。 【词汇知识】<span word="argument">argument</span>争论，辩论;论据，论点，主张 <span word="smuggle">smuggle</span>走私，偷运 <span word="entry">entry</span>登录，条目，进入，入口;引申为入境 【参考译文】人们普遍支持民主党人开始提出的主张，即政府应当优先考虑提高其预防有人把大规模杀伤性武器走私到国内的能力。同时，假如出现类似的袭击，还应当提高政府作出有效应对的能力。 5. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="detailed">detailed</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="advice">advice</span>. 【结构分析】句子主干为<span word="it">it</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="important">important</span>...。<span word="it">it</span>为形式主语代替<span word="that">that</span>从句;<span word="if">if</span>引导条件状语从句做插入语，翻译时一般要将其提到句首。 【语法难点】<span word="it">it</span>做形式主语的结构;从句作为插入语及其翻译方法;<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>句型。 【词汇知识】<span word="information">information</span>和<span word="advice">advice</span>没有复数形式。 【参考译文】因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。这个总是显得越来越重要了。 6. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="houses">houses</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="although">although</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="ordered">ordered</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="emergency">emergency</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="confused">confused</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="helpless">helpless</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="anybody">anybody</span> <span word="else">else</span>. 【结构分析】此句是由<span word="for">for</span>引导的一个并列复合句;，共有三层含义，但位置比较特殊。其中结果在前，原因在后，让步从句在句中。翻译时必须按照汉语习惯顺序作必要的调整。 【语法难点】<span word="for">for</span>引导的并列句;<span word="as">as</span>...<span word="as">as</span>比较结构。 【词汇知识】<span word="standby">standby</span>袖手旁观;待机;维持，遵守 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="of">of</span> 如果;万一<span word="emergency">emergency</span> <span word="n">n</span>.紧急情况，突然事件，非常时刻，紧急事件 【参考译文】尽管警察已接到命令，要做好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。 7. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="requirement">requirement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="prevented">prevented</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="spoiled">spoiled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fortunes">fortunes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="energetic">energetic</span> <span word="founders">founders</span>. 【结构分析】该句主干为<span word="The">The</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="met">met</span>...<span word="and">and</span> <span word="prevented">prevented</span>。<span word="that">that</span>后边引导的是一个定语从句, 做后置定语，修饰 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span>;介词短语 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> 做状语修饰 <span word="spoiled">spoiled</span> 【语法难点】并列谓语;<span word="that">that</span>引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。 【词汇知识】<span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="requirement">requirement</span> 满足要求[同例]<span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="needs">needs</span>/<span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span>效率，功效[比较]<span word="effective">effective</span>有效的，有生力量 【参考译文】这一变化适应了新时代技术的要求，防止了效率下降，而效率下降已使许多家族公司破产，因为第二、三代继承人已不像公司创立者那样精力充沛。 8. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Middle">Middle</span> <span word="Ages">Ages</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="arguments">arguments</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="analogy">analogy</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="universe">universe</span> <span word="formed">formed</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ordered">ordered</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="macrocosmic">macrocosmic</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reproduced">reproduced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="microcosmic">microcosmic</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="inferences">inferences</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="analogy">analogy</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>. 【结构分析】句子的主干为<span word="use">use</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="made">made</span>。<span word="of">of</span> <span word="arguments">arguments</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="analogy">analogy</span>是<span word="use">use</span>的定语。<span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="belief">belief</span>是介词短语，做状语。<span word="belief">belief</span>后面有两个以<span word="that">that</span>引导的同位语从句:<span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="universe">universe</span>... <span word="structure">structure</span> 和 <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="microcosmic">microcosmic</span> ...<span word="of">of</span> <span word="parts">parts</span>。<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> 引导的是一个状语从句，表结果。 【语法难点】被动语态;同位语从句;状语从句。 【词汇知识】<span word="macrocosmic">macrocosmic</span>宏观世界的[比较]<span word="microcosmic">microcosmic</span>微观世界的 【参考译文】在中世纪，广泛采用类推法的各种论点，这些论点基于下述观念，即宇宙形成一个有次序的结构，整体的宏观格局是部分微观格局的再现，因此，有可能通过类推法作出由此及彼的推断。 9. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="numerous">numerous</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>, <span word="other">other</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="consistent">consistent</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="accomplished">accomplished</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="strain">strain</span>. 【结构分析】主句为<span word="experiments">experiments</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="shown">shown</span>。动词<span word="shown">shown</span>后面是一个主从复合句。连词<span word="once">once</span>引导的是宾语从句中的状语从句。宾语从句的主句是<span word="other">other</span> <span word="things">things</span>...<span word="strain">strain</span>; <span word="consistent">consistent</span>...<span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span>是形容词短语做定语，修饰<span word="other">other</span> <span word="things">things</span>,它使宾语从句的主语和系动词分隔开。<span word="without">without</span> <span word="strain">strain</span>是介词短语做状语，意为毫不费力地，翻译时要根据汉语习惯将隔开的部分还原出来。 【语法难点】宾语从句中带状语从句。 【词汇知识】<span word="self">self</span> <span word="n">n</span>.自己，自我;本性，本质 <span word="consistent">consistent</span> 与一致的 <span word="accomplish">accomplish</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>.完成，达到，实现 【参考译文】而且大量事实证明，自我感观一旦改变，其他一些与新的自我感观相一致的事情就可以轻而易举且毫不费力地完成。 10. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="general">general</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="qualities">qualities</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="measured">measured</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="precisely">precisely</span> <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="measured">measured</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="predicted">predicted</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="defined">defined</span>. 【结构分析】本句是由<span word="and">and</span>连接的并列结构，每个并列结构中各有一个<span word="when">when</span>引导的时间状语从句。在第二个时间状语从句中有一个<span word="what">what</span>引导的主语从句。 【语法难点】<span word="and">and</span>引导并列句并表转折关系;<span word="what">what</span>引导主语从句。 【词汇知识】<span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="n">n</span>.尺寸，方法，测量，措施[注]表 措施，方法时一般用复数 <span word="precisely">precisely</span> <span word="ad">ad</span>.精确地，准确地;.明确地;正好;恰恰 【参考译文】一般说来当要测定的特征能得以十分精确的界定，测试的就最佳;反之，如果所要测定和预测的东西得不到明确的界定，那么测试的效果就最差。</p>
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