2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题四十一
<p> 2015复习正在如火如荼的进行中，考研专家建议可以按考研题型分别进行重点复习，是考研英语中分值最高的，在线小编特地整理了2015理解模拟试题供大家模拟练习，希望大家认真做题，错题着重看解析及译文，经过练习阅读理解能力必能有所提高。 四十一、戏剧包含的要素 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Greek">Greek</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="dran">dran</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="accomplish">accomplish</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="drama">drama</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="concerns">concerns</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="agent">agent</span> <span word="attempting">attempting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="accomplish">accomplish</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="tragedy">tragedy</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span>, <span word="unsuccessful">unsuccessful</span>; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="comedy">comedy</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="successful">successful</span>; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="accomplishment">accomplishment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="ambiguous">ambiguous</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="doubtful">doubtful</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="action">action</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="purposed">purposed</span> <span word="goal">goal</span>, <span word="must">must</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>; <span word="it">it</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="proceed">proceed</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="steps">steps</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="succession">succession</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="incidents">incidents</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plot">plot</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dramatist">dramatist</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="logic">logic</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="casual">casual</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="select">select</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="operation">operation</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="affairs">affairs</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="causal">causal</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="incidents">incidents</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="element">element</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span>, <span word="present">present</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="virtually">virtually</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="plays">plays</span>, <span word="appears">appears</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="figure">figure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="playthe">playthe</span> <span word="protagonistencounters">protagonistencounters</span> <span word="difficulties">difficulties</span>; <span word="his">his</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="purposes">purposes</span> <span word="conflict">conflict</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="purposes">purposes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="characters">characters</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="play">play</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="cross">cross</span>-<span word="purposes">purposes</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="thoughts">thoughts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="desires">desires</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="difficulties">difficulties</span> <span word="threaten">threaten</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="protagonists">protagonists</span> <span word="accomplishment">accomplishment</span>; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="complications">complications</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="dealing">dealing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="complications">complications</span> <span word="determines">determines</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outcome">outcome</span>. <span word="Normally">Normally</span>, <span word="complications">complications</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span>; <span word="one">one</span> <span word="complication">complication</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="preceding">preceding</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="chain">chain</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="complication">complication</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="solution">solution</span>, <span word="achieved">achieved</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="attempted">attempted</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="protagonist">protagonist</span> <span word="performs">performs</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="irrevocably">irrevocably</span> <span word="commits">commits</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="course">course</span>, <span word="points">points</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complications">complications</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="solutions">solutions</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="steps">steps</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="resolution">resolution</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="denouement">denouement</span>. 1. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dramatist">dramatist</span>. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="seldom">seldom</span> <span word="believes">believes</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="writes">writes</span> <span word="about">about</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="portrays">portrays</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="experiences">experiences</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="drama">drama</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="concerns">concerns</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="tries">tries</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="convince">convince</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="audience">audience</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="believes">believes</span> 2. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="drama">drama</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="arranged">arranged</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="accordance">accordance</span> <span word="with">with</span>. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dramatist">dramatist</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sequence">sequence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="events">events</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dramatic">dramatic</span> <span word="art">art</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> 3. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="dramatist">dramatist</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> . [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="clarifies">clarifies</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complicated">complicated</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="drama">drama</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="drama">drama</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="complicated">complicated</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="hopes">hopes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="protagonist">protagonist</span> <span word="win">win</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="victory">victory</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="protagonist">protagonist</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="threatening">threatening</span> <span word="fellows">fellows</span> 4. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="implies">implies</span>. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crucial">crucial</span> <span word="point">point</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="a">a</span> <span word="brave">brave</span> <span word="engagement">engagement</span> 5. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="deals">deals</span> <span word="with">with</span>. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="necessity">necessity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="drama">drama</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="some">some</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="functions">functions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dramas">dramas</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="responsibility">responsibility</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dramatists">dramatists</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="some">some</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="elements">elements</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="drama">drama</span>-<span word="making">making</span> 答案：1.<span word="C">C</span> 2.<span word="A">A</span> 3.<span word="B">B</span> 4.<span word="C">C</span> 5.<span word="D">D</span> 核心词汇或超纲词汇 <span word="agent">agent</span>原动力，动因 <span word="irrevocably">irrevocably</span> 不能取消地 <span word="denouement">denouement</span>结尾，结局 <span word="engagement">engagement</span>订婚;约定，约会;战斗，交战 全文翻译 希腊词语<span word="dran">dran</span>的一个含义是实现，而这个含义正是进一步了解戏剧结构的关键所在。一部戏剧和一个试图实现某种目的的人文动作者有关。在悲剧中，这个动作者的动机至少在个人层面上是不成功的;而在喜剧中却是成功的。在问题剧中目的的最后实现要么是模糊不清的要么是黑而未决的。 从戏剧的开始到实现某个有意识的目的的结束，这个情节必定有一个中间过渡。它必须经历几个步骤，即构成这个情节的一系列的事件。由于剧作家关注的是事件的含义与逻辑性而不是它们在时间上的偶然关联，因此他可能会选择素材并按照人类事件因果关系的一般规律进行排序。于是这些事件的因果关系中包含了几乎所有戏剧中都存在的冲突的元素。 戏剧的中心人物主人公遭遇困难，他的一个或多个目的与事件或环境发生冲突，与剧中其他人物的目的发生冲突，与存在于他的思想和欲望中相互矛盾的目的发生冲突。这些困难阻碍了主人公目的的完成，换句话说，它们使事件变得复杂，而主人公能否成功地处理这些复杂事件决定了戏剧最终的结局。一般而言，戏剧中的复杂事件是按照其困难的程度逐渐累积起来的。一个困难事件也许累加到另一个困难事件之上，或者在前一个困难事件解决之后出现。在问题复杂化和问题得到解决、实现了目的或企图实现目的构成的链条的某一点上，主人公完成一个行为或者做出一个必然使他进入进一步发展轨迹的决定。这个点通常被称为危机，接下来出现的复杂问题和解决方法构成了从危机到最后解决，即结局的逻辑步骤。</p>
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