2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题二十八
<p> 2015复习正在如火如荼的进行中，考研专家建议可以按考研题型分别进行重点复习，是考研英语中分值最高的，在线小编特地整理了2015理解模拟试题供大家模拟练习，希望大家认真做题，错题着重看解析及译文，经过练习阅读理解能力必能有所提高。 二十八、五大湖污染 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="threatened">threatened</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="drainage">drainage</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="fairly">fairly</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="spot">spot</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Lakes">Lakes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="St">St</span>. <span word="Lawrence">Lawrence</span> <span word="river">river</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fifth">fifth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="polar">polar</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="water">water</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="healthier">healthier</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span>. <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="way">way</span>? <span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="Lake">Lake</span> <span word="Michigan">Michigan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wholly">wholly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="governed">governed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Boundary">Boundary</span> <span word="Waters">Waters</span> <span word="Treaty">Treaty</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1909, <span word="implemented">implemented</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="independent">independent</span> <span word="bi">bi</span>-<span word="national">national</span> <span word="joint">joint</span> <span word="commission">commission</span>. <span word="In">In</span> 1978, <span word="both">both</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span>, <span word="several">several</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="heavily">heavily</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="improvement">improvement</span> <span word="owes">owes</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="action">action</span>. <span word="Steel">Steel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cleaner">cleaner</span> <span word="industries">industries</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="services">services</span>, <span word="both">both</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Ontario">Ontario</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="lakeside">lakeside</span> <span word="states">states</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="result">result</span>: <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="residues">residues</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="metals">metals</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="declined">declined</span> , <span word="while">while</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rivers">rivers</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="Toronto">Toronto</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="successfully">successfully</span> <span word="stocked">stocked</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="salmon">salmon</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="worries">worries</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="farming">farming</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="lake">lake</span> <span word="water">water</span> , <span word="while">while</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="polluting">polluting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="river">river</span> <span word="systems">systems</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="quantities">quantities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="manure">manure</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="farms">farms</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Ontario">Ontario</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Quebec">Quebec</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="streams">streams</span>, <span word="rivers">rivers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="worry">worry</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="fall">fall</span> <span word="permanently">permanently</span>. <span word="Climate">Climate</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="rainfall">rainfall</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Lakes">Lakes</span> <span word="basin">basin</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="population">population</span>. <span word="General">General</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basin">basin</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="by">by</span> 5% <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> 5 <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="forecast">forecast</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="consultant">consultant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="commission">commission</span>. <span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="threats">threats</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="some">some</span> 120 <span word="exotic">exotic</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="flora">flora</span>, <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="shellfish">shellfish</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="via">via</span> <span word="ships">ships</span> <span word="ballast">ballast</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="zebra">zebra</span> <span word="mussel">mussel</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Eastern">Eastern</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="motorious">motorious</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="damaging">damaging</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="consumes">consumes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="oxygen">oxygen</span> . <span word="Lastly">Lastly</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hazardous">hazardous</span> <span word="prospect">prospect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="decommissioning">decommissioning</span> <span word="Ontarios">Ontarios</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="dozen">dozen</span> <span word="ageing">ageing</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="reactors">reactors</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shores">shores</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Lake">Lake</span> <span word="Ontario">Ontario</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Lake">Lake</span> <span word="Huron">Huron</span>. <span word="Fortunately">Fortunately</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operation">operation</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="threats">threats</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="managed">managed</span>. <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="approved">approved</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="commissions">commissions</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="watershed">watershed</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="continent">continent</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="holistic">holistic</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ecosystems">ecosystems</span>. <span word="Maybe">Maybe</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Zebra">Zebra</span> <span word="mussel">mussel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="run">run</span>-<span word="offs">offs</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="match">match</span>. 1.<span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Lakes">Lakes</span> _____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="located">located</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="contain">contain</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="water">water</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="are">are</span> <span word="governed">governed</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="have">have</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="before">before</span> 2.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="paragraphs">paragraphs</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> _____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="a">a</span> <span word="commission">commission</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="coordinate">coordinate</span> <span word="mutual">mutual</span> <span word="activities">activities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Boundary">Boundary</span> <span word="Waters">Waters</span> <span word="Treaty">Treaty</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1909 <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="out">out</span>-<span word="of">of</span>-<span word="date">date</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="drainage">drainage</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blame">blame</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="run">run</span>-<span word="offs">offs</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="contributed">contributed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="improvement">improvement</span> 3.<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="improved">improved</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Fish">Fish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="residues">residues</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="metal">metal</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="Toronto">Toronto</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="grown">grown</span> <span word="salmon">salmon</span> <span word="successfully">successfully</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="waters">waters</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Farming">Farming</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="prospered">prospered</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lakeside">lakeside</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="Lake">Lake</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span>. 4.<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="concerns">concerns</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Fish">Fish</span> <span word="farming">farming</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="Urban">Urban</span> <span word="population">population</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Decreased">Decreased</span> <span word="rainfall">rainfall</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="More">More</span> <span word="landslide">landslide</span>. 5.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="prospect">prospect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Optimistic">Optimistic</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="Worried">Worried</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Indifferent">Indifferent</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="Unclear">Unclear</span>. 答案：1.<span word="B">B</span> 2.<span word="D">D</span> 3.<span word="B">B</span> 4.<span word="C">C</span> 5.<span word="A">A</span> 核心词汇或超纲词汇 <span word="drainage">drainage</span>排水;排泄;<span word="drain">drain</span>排水，流干，喝光;消耗 <span word="implement">implement</span>工具，器具;媒介，手段贯彻，实现 <span word="mercury">mercury</span>水银，汞;<span word="Mercury">Mercury</span>水星 <span word="stock">stock</span>储存，储备树干;库存;股票;血统;原料;语系 <span word="basin">basin</span>盆;盆地;水池;内湾 <span word="ballast">ballast</span>压舱物;镇重物 <span word="decommission">decommission</span>使退出现行的公共事务;<span word="commission">commission</span>委任，委托，使服役 <span word="watershed">watershed</span>分水岭，转折点，重要关头 <span word="holistic">holistic</span>整体的，全部的，全盘的~ <span word="approach">approach</span>整体分析 <span word="run">run</span>-<span word="off">off</span>流走之物;决赛 全文翻译 世界上的许多大湖都受到污染和巨大的排水系统的威胁。但是至少还有一个相当亮丽的场所，即美国和加拿大之间的五大湖和圣劳伦斯河流域。五大湖和圣劳伦斯河一起占非极地淡水的1/5，而且现在水质要好于以往。他们能保持此种状况吗? 尽管整个密歇根湖在美国境内，但是五大湖都由独立的两国联合委员会于1909年颁布的《边界水域条约》管辖。两国在1978年同意共同清理五大湖水域，其中的几条湖泊污染严重。两国共同清理了湖水，但是实际上，水质提高既有赖于政府行动，同样也得归功于经济变化。在加拿大的安大略省和美国沿湖诸州，钢铁及其它重工业让位于污染小的行业和服务业。对鱼和鸟的检测发现，重金属的残余量已降低，而在过去的10年中，多伦多附近的河水已经成功地养殖了鲑鱼。 令人担忧的事情依然存在。其中一个问题是农业问题，农业用去了大部分的湖水，不仅如此，农业还污染了湖泊和水系。安大略和魁北克农场的大量的肥料从田里流向溪流，河流和湖泊，也造成了污染。 一些科学家还忧虑水位会持续下降。气候的变化可能使五大湖盆地的降雨减少，而城市人口数量不断增加，对湖水的抽用却越来越多。据委员会的一名顾问预测，在下一个五年中盆地的总体消耗将会上涨5%。 其它的威胁包括大约120种外来的植物群、鱼和贝。它们已经找到了进入湖泊的路径，有些是经由船的压舱物进入的。来自东欧的斑马蚌最为臭名昭著，也可能对环境最具破坏性。它耗费掉水中的很多氧气。最后，安大略省24个旧核反应堆的正式停止使用存在着潜在危险，这些核反应堆列于安大略湖和休伦湖沿岸。 值得庆幸的是，两国以及当地政府长期成功的合作史表明，这些威胁均能被清除。两国政府已经同意委员会在全美洲建立国际流域董事会的计划。这将意味着全盘处理生态系统。也许，这次斑马蚌和农田灌溉排出的废物遇到了它们的对手。</p>
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