2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题五
<p> 15复习正在如火如荼的进行中，考研专家建议可以按考研题型分别进行重点复习，是考研英语中分值最高的，在线小编特地整理了2015理解模拟试题供大家模拟练习，希望大家认真做题，错题着重看解析及译文，经过练习阅读理解能力必能有所提高。 五、胚胎研究 <span word="BBC">BBC</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="Casualty">Casualty</span> <span word="programme">programme</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Saturday">Saturday</span> <span word="evening">evening</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="viewers">viewers</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vote">vote</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="donation">donation</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="death">death</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="grip">grip</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chronic">chronic</span> <span word="organ">organ</span> <span word="shortage">shortage</span>. <span word="Being">Being</span> <span word="pussyfooting">pussyfooting</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Government">Government</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="kicking">kicking</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="vulnerable">vulnerable</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="society">society</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="depressing">depressing</span> <span word="consequence">consequence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="purchase">purchase</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="organ">organ</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="third">third</span>-<span word="world">world</span> <span word="donor">donor</span>, <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="forbidden">forbidden</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Kingdom">Kingdom</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="option">option</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="vain">vain</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="Tissue">Tissue</span> <span word="Authoritys">Authoritys</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="retention">retention</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="post">post</span>-<span word="mortem">mortem</span> <span word="examination">examination</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="flawed">flawed</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="consent">consent</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="drafted">drafted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="evil">evil</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="seeking">seeking</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="precious">precious</span> <span word="flow">flow</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pathological">pathological</span> <span word="laboratory">laboratory</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="lengthy">lengthy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="rarely">rarely</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="try">try</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wording">wording</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="graphic">graphic</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="relatives">relatives</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leg">leg</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="signing">signing</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="consequence">consequence</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="post">post</span> <span word="mortems">mortems</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="fallen">fallen</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="wider">wider</span> <span word="worry">worry</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="shortsightedness">shortsightedness</span> <span word="evident">evident</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="Tissue">Tissue</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="infect">infect</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="facet">facet</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contemporary">contemporary</span> <span word="debate">debate</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="ethics">ethics</span>. <span word="Take">Take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="timid">timid</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="research">research</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="refuses">refuses</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="potentially">potentially</span> <span word="ground">ground</span>-<span word="breaking">breaking</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surplus">surplus</span> <span word="embryos">embryos</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="IVF">IVF</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span>. <span word="Senators">Senators</span> <span word="profess">profess</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="worried">worried</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="fails">fails</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="respect">respect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dignity">dignity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="persons">persons</span>. <span word="Rarely">Rarely</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vacuous">vacuous</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="debate">debate</span> <span word="claming">claming</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="enlightenment">enlightenment</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="kick">kick</span> <span word="in">in</span>? <span word="In">In</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="wondering">wondering</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="supposedly">supposedly</span> <span word="precious">precious</span> <span word="embryos">embryos</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="routinely">routinely</span> <span word="terminated">terminated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pill">Pill</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="crying">crying</span>. <span word="Thankfully">Thankfully</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="Government">Government</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="refused">refused</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="operates">operates</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="liberal">liberal</span> <span word="regimes">regimes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="licences">licences</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="awarded">awarded</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="embryos">embryos</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="research">research</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span>, <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="organs">organs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lab">lab</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="cures">cures</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="debilitating">debilitating</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="fundamental">fundamental</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ethics">ethics</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="inability">inability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="emotion">emotion</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="legal">legal</span> <span word="deliberations">deliberations</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="welfare">welfare</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="meaningless">meaningless</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="applied">applied</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="entities">entities</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="consciousness">consciousness</span>. <span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="reluctant">reluctant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="conduct">conduct</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="embryos">embryos</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="routinely">routinely</span> <span word="carried">carried</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="living">living</span>, <span word="pain">pain</span>-<span word="sensitive">sensitive</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>. 1. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chronic">chronic</span> <span word="organ">organ</span> <span word="shortage">shortage</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decrease">decrease</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="donation">donation</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="inefficient">inefficient</span> <span word="governmental">governmental</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="illegal">illegal</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="organs">organs</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="news">news</span> <span word="medias">medias</span> <span word="indifference">indifference</span>. 2. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="expression">expression</span> <span word="pussyfooting">pussyfooting</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="mean">mean</span>______. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="unfair">unfair</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="hesitant">hesitant</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="secret">secret</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="strict">strict</span> 3. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="shortsightedness">shortsightedness</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> _____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="donation">donation</span> <span word="consent">consent</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="Tissues">Tissues</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="obstacle">obstacle</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="research">research</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="disregard">disregard</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="life">life</span> 4. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="agree">agree</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="death">death</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="more">more</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="advancement">advancement</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="double">double</span> <span word="standard">standard</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="ethics">ethics</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="deserve">deserve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="living">living</span>. 5. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="of">of</span>_____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="media">media</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="doctors">doctors</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="U">U</span>. <span word="S">S</span>. <span word="Legislators">Legislators</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="government">government</span> 答案:1.<span word="B">B</span> 2.<span word="B">B</span> 3.<span word="C">C</span> 4.<span word="C">C</span> 5.<span word="C">C</span> 核心词汇和超纲词汇 <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="grips">grips</span> <span word="with">with</span>认真处理 <span word="chronic">chronic</span>慢性的，长期的，延续很长的 <span word="pussyfoot">pussyfoot</span>谨慎的，顾虑重重的 <span word="approach">approach</span> 方式、方法、态度，如<span word="The">The</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="adopt">adopt</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="different">different</span> ~ <span word="to">to</span> <span word="discipline">discipline</span> <span word="vulnerable">vulnerable</span>易受攻击的，脆弱的，敏感的 <span word="retention">retention</span>保留，保持;<span word="retain">retain</span> <span word="leg">leg</span> <span word="it">it</span>逃跑 <span word="purport">purport</span>自称，标榜;主要意思，大意，主旨 <span word="kick">kick</span> <span word="in">in</span>开始生效 <span word="regime">regime</span>统治方式，统治制度，政权，政体;组织方法，管理体制 <span word="deliberation">deliberation</span>熟思，考虑，商议 全文翻译 英国广播公司的急诊服务处节目于周六晚上让电视观众投票，决定两个病人之中哪一个应该受益于器官捐赠。但是该节目没有告诉我们如果认真处理长期的器官缺乏问题，就没有必要做那么多生死抉择。政府对待尸体问题顾虑重重，给我们社会中最弱势的群体一个打击。它造成的一个令人沮丧的后果是等待名单上很大一部分人飞到国外从第三世界捐赠者那里购买活体器官，而这在英国是被禁止的。穷人除了徒然地等待之外别无选择。 人体组织局在验尸后保留身体部位用于医学研究的观点也同样有缺陷。新的捐赠同意书可能由某个怀有恶意、试图阻止人体组织运往病理化验所的人物起草。同意书如此冗长，以至于医生很少有时间读完它们，即便他们努力了，由于上面的措辞以图表表示，因此当事人的亲戚往往在签名之前逃跑了。结果验尸的数量骤然下降。 更广泛的忧虑是《人体组织法令》明显的道德短视似乎全面影响了当前的医学伦理争论。以小心翼翼的胚胎干细胞研究为例，美国政府拒绝为科学家提供基金，在由试管受精创造的剩余胚胎上进行具有潜在的突破性的研究。 一些参议员表示担心胚胎研究未能尊重潜在的人的尊严。这样一个空洞的概念很难设法进入声称要提供启示的争论之中。什么时候这种潜在才能生效呢?免得你感到奇怪，这些想象上宝贵的胚胎与那些例行公事地被避孕丸扼杀却没有任何人哭泣的的生命处于同样的发展阶段。令人感激的是，英国政府已经拒绝接受美国的立场并成立了一个欧洲最自由的体制，在这里，研究者被授权为医学研究制造胚胎。在未来的几年科学家很由可能能够在实验室中培育器官并找出一系列使人衰弱的疾病的治愈办法。 我们对待伦理的方法上存在的基本的问题是没有能力把情感与政策分开，这表现在尸体和胚胎的神话上。唯一应该进入我们道德和法律的慎重考虑之中的因素是幸福。幸福是一个概念，当它被运用到缺乏自我意识的实体上的时候是没有意义的。永远不要忘记我们如此不愿进行的胚胎和尸体的研究正在一些活生生的、有疼痛知觉的动物上照常实行。</p>
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