2015考研英语阅读理解强化练习及解析8
<p> 2015理解强化练习及解析（8） <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pastcentury">pastcentury</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unfairness">unfairness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="condemned">condemned</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="madeillegal">madeillegal</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="insidious">insidious</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="continues">continues</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="thrive">thrive</span>: <span word="alphabetism">alphabetism</span>. <span word="This">This</span>, <span word="forthose">forthose</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="unaware">unaware</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="disadvantage">disadvantage</span>, <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="againstthose">againstthose</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="surnames">surnames</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="alphabet">alphabet</span>。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="taxi">taxi</span> <span word="firm">firm</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="AAAA">AAAA</span> <span word="cars">cars</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bigadvantage">bigadvantage</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="Zodiac">Zodiac</span> <span word="cars">cars</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="thumb">thumb</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="phonedirectories">phonedirectories</span>. <span word="Less">Less</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="advantage">advantage</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Adam">Adam</span> <span word="Abbott">Abbott</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="overZo">overZo</span>? <span word="Zysman">Zysman</span>. <span word="English">English</span> <span word="names">names</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="fairly">fairly</span> <span word="evenly">evenly</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="halves">halves</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thealphabet">thealphabet</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suspiciously">suspiciously</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="surnames">surnames</span> <span word="beginningwith">beginningwith</span> <span word="letters">letters</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="K">K</span>。 <span word="Thus">Thus</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="vice">vice</span>-<span word="president">president</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="surnamesstarting">surnamesstarting</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="respectively">respectively</span>; <span word="and">and</span> 26 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="George">George</span> <span word="Bushspredecessors">Bushspredecessors</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="surnames">surnames</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thealphabet">thealphabet</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="just">just</span> 16 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="half">half</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="striking">striking</span>, <span word="six">six</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="theseven">theseven</span> <span word="heads">heads</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="G">G</span>7 <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="alphabeticallyadvantaged">alphabeticallyadvantaged</span> .<span word="The">The</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="bankers">bankers</span> <span word="areall">areall</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="alphabet">alphabet</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="Japanesecharacters">Japanesecharacters</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="richest">richest</span> <span word="men">men</span> 。 <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="merely">merely</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="coincidence">coincidence</span>? <span word="One">One</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="dreamt">dreamt</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="thespare">thespare</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="enjoyed">enjoyed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="alphabetically">alphabetically</span> <span word="disadvantaged">disadvantaged</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rot">rot</span> <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="inearly">inearly</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="infant">infant</span> <span word="school">school</span>, <span word="teachers">teachers</span> <span word="seat">seat</span> <span word="pupilsalphabetically">pupilsalphabetically</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="front">front</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="easier">easier</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="names">names</span>. <span word="Soshort">Soshort</span>-<span word="sighted">sighted</span> <span word="Zysman">Zysman</span> <span word="junior">junior</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="stuck">stuck</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="row">row</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rarely">rarely</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="theimproving">theimproving</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="posed">posed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="insensitive">insensitive</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="thealphabetically">thealphabetically</span> <span word="disadvantaged">disadvantaged</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lucky">lucky</span> <span word="escape">escape</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="theresult">theresult</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="qualifications">qualifications</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="attention">attention</span>,<span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span> <span word="publicly">publicly</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="humiliation">humiliation</span> <span word="continues">continues</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="graduation">graduation</span> <span word="ceremonies">ceremonies</span>, <span word="theABCs">theABCs</span> <span word="proudly">proudly</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="awards">awards</span> <span word="first">first</span>; <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Zysmans">Zysmans</span> <span word="mostpeople">mostpeople</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="literally">literally</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ZZZ">ZZZ</span>. <span word="Shortlists">Shortlists</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="interviews">interviews</span>, <span word="electionballot">electionballot</span> <span word="papers">papers</span>, <span word="lists">lists</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="conference">conference</span> <span word="speakers">speakers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="attendees">attendees</span>: <span word="all">all</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="drawnup">drawnup</span> <span word="alphabetically">alphabetically</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="recipients">recipients</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="plough">plough</span> <span word="throughthem">throughthem</span>。 26. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="intend">intend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="illustrate">illustrate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="AAAA">AAAA</span> <span word="cars">cars</span> <span word="andZodiac">andZodiac</span> <span word="cars">cars</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="A">A</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="overlooked">overlooked</span> <span word="inequality">inequality</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="A">A</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="conspicuous">conspicuous</span> <span word="bias">bias</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="A">A</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="prejudice">prejudice</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="A">A</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brand">brand</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span>。 27. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="paragraphs">paragraphs</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="In">In</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="East">East</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="West">West</span>, <span word="names">names</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="success">success</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="The">The</span> <span word="alphabet">alphabet</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blame">blame</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Zo">Zo</span>? <span word="Zysman">Zysman</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Customers">Customers</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="names">names</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="subtle">subtle</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="recognize">recognize</span>。 28. <span word="The">The</span> 4<span word="th">th</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="intelligent">intelligent</span> <span word="students">students</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="alphabetically">alphabetically</span> <span word="disadvantaged">disadvantaged</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="escape">escape</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="class">class</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="teachers">teachers</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="students">students</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="students">students</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seated">seated</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="eyesight">eyesight</span>。 29. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="areliterally">areliterally</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ZZZ">ZZZ</span> ? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="impatient">impatient</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="noisily">noisily</span> <span word="dozing">dozing</span> <span word="off">off</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="humiliated">humiliated</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="puzzles">puzzles</span>。 30. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="People">People</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="surnames">surnames</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="N">N</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Z">Z</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="oftenill">oftenill</span>-<span word="treated">treated</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="VIPs">VIPs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="gain">gain</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="alphabetism">alphabetism</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="The">The</span> <span word="campaign">campaign</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eliminate">eliminate</span> <span word="alphabetism">alphabetism</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="togo">togo</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="Putting">Putting</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="alphabetically">alphabetically</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="unintentional">unintentional</span> <span word="bias">bias</span>。</p>
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