2015考研英语阅读理解强化练习及解析14
<p> 2015理解强化练习及解析（14） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="sdecisions">sdecisions</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="physician">physician</span>-<span word="assisted">assisted</span> <span word="suicide">suicide</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="implications">implications</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="howmedicine">howmedicine</span> <span word="seeks">seeks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="relieve">relieve</span> <span word="dying">dying</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="suffering">suffering</span>。 <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="ruled">ruled</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="constitutional">constitutional</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="tophysician">tophysician</span>-<span word="assisted">assisted</span> <span word="suicide">suicide</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="principleof">principleof</span> <span word="double">double</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> , <span word="a">a</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="principle">principle</span> <span word="holding">holding</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="anaction">anaction</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="effectsa">effectsa</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="intended">intended</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="foreseenis">foreseenis</span> <span word="permissibleif">permissibleif</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="actor">actor</span> <span word="intends">intends</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>。 <span word="Doctors">Doctors</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="principle">principle</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="justify">justify</span> <span word="usinghigh">usinghigh</span> <span word="doses">doses</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="morphine">morphine</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="terminally">terminally</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="thoughincreasing">thoughincreasing</span> <span word="dosages">dosages</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="kill">kill</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>。 <span word="Nancy">Nancy</span> <span word="Dubler">Dubler</span>, <span word="director">director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Montefiore">Montefiore</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Center">Center</span>, <span word="contends">contends</span> <span word="thatthe">thatthe</span> <span word="principle">principle</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="shield">shield</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="very">very</span>, <span word="very">very</span> <span word="stronglyinsisted">stronglyinsisted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="sufficient">sufficient</span> <span word="mediation">mediation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="controltheir">controltheir</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="hasten">hasten</span> <span word="death">death</span>. <span word="George">George</span> <span word="Annas">Annas</span>, <span word="chair">chair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="department">department</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="BostonUniversity">BostonUniversity</span>, <span word="maintains">maintains</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="prescribes">prescribes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="alegitimate">alegitimate</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="illegal">illegal</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="thepatient">thepatient</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hasten">hasten</span> <span word="death">death</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="surgery">surgery</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="says">says</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="don">don</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="deaths">deaths</span> <span word="homicides">homicides</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="didn">didn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="intend">intend</span> <span word="tokill">tokill</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>, <span word="although">although</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="risked">risked</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="death">death</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="re">re</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="physician">physician</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="suicide">suicide</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="don">don</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="intend">intend</span> <span word="theirsuicide">theirsuicide</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="level">level</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="community">community</span> <span word="acknowledge">acknowledge</span> <span word="thatthe">thatthe</span> <span word="assisted">assisted</span>-<span word="suicide">suicide</span> <span word="debate">debate</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="fueled">fueled</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="despair">despair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="patientsfor">patientsfor</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="modem">modem</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="prolonged">prolonged</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="agony">agony</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dying">dying</span>。 <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="ruling">ruling</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="physician">physician</span>-<span word="assistedsuicide">assistedsuicide</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Academy">Academy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="volume">volume</span> <span word="report">report</span>,<span word="Approaching">Approaching</span> <span word="Death">Death</span>: <span word="Improving">Improving</span> <span word="Care">Care</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="End">End</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Life">Life</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="identifies">identifies</span> <span word="theundertreatment">theundertreatment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ineffectual">ineffectual</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="forced">forced</span> <span word="medicalprocedures">medicalprocedures</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="prolong">prolong</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="dishonor">dishonor</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dying">dying</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="thetwin">thetwin</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="end">end</span>-<span word="of">of</span>-<span word="life">life</span> <span word="care">care</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="profession">profession</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="steps">steps</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="inhospices">inhospices</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="management">management</span> <span word="therapies">therapies</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="developa">developa</span> <span word="Medicare">Medicare</span> <span word="billing">billing</span> <span word="code">code</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="care">care</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="standardsfor">standardsfor</span> <span word="assessing">assessing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="treating">treating</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span>。 <span word="Annas">Annas</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="lawyers">lawyers</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="insisting">insisting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="thesewell">thesewell</span>-<span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="initiatives">initiatives</span> <span word="translate">translate</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="care">care</span>. <span word="Largenumbers">Largenumbers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="physicians">physicians</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="unconcerned">unconcerned</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="areneedlessly">areneedlessly</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="predictably">predictably</span> <span word="suffering">suffering</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extent">extent</span> <span word="thatit">thatit</span> <span word="constitutes">constitutes</span> <span word="systematic">systematic</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="abuse">abuse</span>。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="medicallicensing">medicallicensing</span> <span word="boards">boards</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> ... <span word="that">that</span> <span word="painful">painful</span> <span word="deaths">deaths</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="presumptively">presumptively</span> <span word="onesthat">onesthat</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="incompetently">incompetently</span> <span word="managed">managed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="license">license</span> <span word="suspension">suspension</span>。 36. <span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="paragraphs">paragraphs</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="that">that</span> [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="dosages">dosages</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="illegal">illegal</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dying">dying</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="theirlives">theirlives</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="opposes">opposes</span> <span word="physician">physician</span>-<span word="assisted">assisted</span> <span word="suicide">suicide</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="constitutional">constitutional</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="commit">commit</span> <span word="suicide">suicide</span>。 37. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="statements">statements</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="thetext">thetext</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="Doctors">Doctors</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="guilty">guilty</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="death">death</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="Modern">Modern</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="assisted">assisted</span> <span word="terminally">terminally</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="painlessrecovery">painlessrecovery</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="ruled">ruled</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="dosage">dosage</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>-<span word="relieving">relieving</span> <span word="medication">medication</span> <span word="canbe">canbe</span> <span word="prescribed">prescribed</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="A">A</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="medication">medication</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="justified">justified</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="intentions">intentions</span>。 38. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="NAS">NAS</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="report">report</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="inend">inend</span>-<span word="of">of</span>-<span word="life">life</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="is">is</span> [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="prolonged">prolonged</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="procedures">procedures</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="inadequate">inadequate</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="systematic">systematic</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="abuse">abuse</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="insufficient">insufficient</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> <span word="care">care</span>。 39. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="defines">defines</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> ? [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="Bold">Bold</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="Harmful">Harmful</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="Careless">Careless</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="Desperate">Desperate</span>。 40. <span word="George">George</span> <span word="Annas">Annas</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="bepunished">bepunished</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="manage">manage</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="incompetently">incompetently</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="give">give</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="needed">needed</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="dosages">dosages</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="prolong">prolong</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="needless">needless</span> <span word="suffering">suffering</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>。</p>
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