考研英语阅读解题技巧攻破
<p> 考研英语，一直是令很多同学头痛的问题。对于考研英语的分数，很多学校规定在55~60分之间，但是多年以来，英语部分的全国平均分一直在50分左右徘徊。其中，占卷面总分40%的阅读部分是广大考生能否取得最后胜利的关键。 按照一般的复习计划表，这个时候广大考生应该完成了单词的记忆和真题的研读，开始总结错题，发现自己的思维盲区，并初步形成了自己的做题套路。 参加考研考试的大部分考生都参加过四、六级考试，很多还取得了不错的成绩。需要注意的是，四、六级考试的应试经验虽然给广大考生打下了坚实的语法和词汇的基础，但是对于考研英语的阅读部分而言，考生要转变一个重要的思路。由于传统四、六级考试中一篇300字的文章大约只需要8~9分钟就能读完，而考研英语中一篇400字文章大约需要18~20分钟的时间才能读完。考研考试作为更高级一点的考试，在文章字数增加不多的情况下，时间却增加了100%，这是为什么呢?是为了降低难度么?肯定不是。真正的原因是因为四、六级考试是水平考试，考研考试是选拔性考试，随着近年来考研人数的增加，考研的难度只有可能随之不断增加，而不可能降低。实际上，增加的差不多10分钟时间是留给考生思考的时间。考研考试的一个最大特征就是题目设计精密，干扰项设计具有很强的迷惑性。考研考试中，文章之外干扰考生选择正确答案的方式很多，本文将就题干中的干扰措施进行详尽的分析，同时给出一些规律。希望能够在考研最后的冲刺阶段帮助广大考生再度提高分数。 随着广大学子对于考研的重要性认识越来越深刻，准备考研考试的时间越来越长，考研考试中已经很少出现那些裸考的考生了。大部分考生在准备考研考试的过程中，都能够做到扫清词汇和语法障碍。但是在扫清了词汇和语法障碍之后，广大考生很快就会发现阅读部分又是一个瓶颈。对于一篇有五个问题的阅读文章，大部分考生只能做对2道题或者3道题，而且这个正确率很难提高。更为遗憾的是，很多考生往往把文章读懂了，但是把题目做错了，看了答案也还不知道为什做错了，这就是我们常说的死不瞑目。 就如上文所分析的，参加过四、六级考试的考生在准备考研考试时需要有一个思路转变。那就是从快速答题，到低速谨慎答题的一个转变。参加过四、六级考试的考生在参加考研考试的时候普遍有一个习惯就是快速读过考题的题干，甚至是不读题干，然后或者按照自己头脑中对于题目的印象来答题，或者根据对于文章的主观判断来答题。这在考研考试中是致命的错误，原因有两点： 1.考研考试中干扰措施不是凭空出现的，它们或多或少都会在文章中有所提及，如果仅以在文章是否提到来判断的话，一定会出错。 2.考研考试的一种命题模式是题干中限定答案的范围。如果忽略这种范围，此题必错。 下面就几道考研真题来具体说明题干中需要注意的信息： <span word="What">What</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="outburst">outburst</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="inventions">inventions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="Americabreakthroughs">Americabreakthroughs</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="telegraph">telegraph</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="steamboat">steamboat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weaving">weaving</span> <span word="machine">machine</span>? <span word="Among">Among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="shaping">shaping</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="schools">schools</span>; <span word="a">a</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="welcomed">welcomed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="premiums">premiums</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inventors">inventors</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="genius">genius</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="nonverbal">nonverbal</span>, <span word="spatial">spatial</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="technological">technological</span>. 1.<span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="outburst">outburst</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="inventions">inventions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span> ________. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="enthusiastic">enthusiastic</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="premium">premium</span> <span word="system">system</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="a">a</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="brown">brown</span> <span word="capuchin">capuchin</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="cute">cute</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span>-<span word="natured">natured</span>, <span word="cooperative">cooperative</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="tardily">tardily</span>. <span word="Above">Above</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="closer">closer</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="males">males</span>. 2.<span word="Female">Female</span> <span word="capuchin">capuchin</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="chosen">chosen</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> ________. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="more">more</span> <span word="inclined">inclined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="weigh">weigh</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="get">get</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="attentive">attentive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="instructions">instructions</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="temperament">temperament</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="more">more</span> <span word="generous">generous</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="companions">companions</span> 这两道题共同的特点就是题干中都有一个表示程度的限定词。第一道题中的限定词是<span word="in">in</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="part">part</span>，第二道题中的限定词是<span word="most">most</span>.这两个词语的出现本身就有一个暗示，说明选项中应该有不止一个原因，但是这道题目要求回答出其中最重要的一个因素。原文定位第一道题，可以发现定位句<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="schools">schools</span>;<span word="a">a</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="welcomed">welcomed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>;<span word="the">the</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="premiums">premiums</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inventors">inventors</span>;<span word="and">and</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="genius">genius</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="nonverbal">nonverbal</span>，<span word="spatial">spatial</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="technological">technological</span>中含有四个并列成分，分别是<span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="schoolsa">schoolsa</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="forcethe">forcethe</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="premiums">premiums</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inventors">inventors</span>和<span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="genius">genius</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="nonverbal">nonverbal</span>，<span word="spatial">spatial</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="technological">technological</span>。上述四个内容在选项中都有出现，很多同学会因为先入为主的思维习惯选择<span word="A">A</span>.但是当我们注意到题干中的限定信息是要求找其中影响最大的一个因素，我们就要比照四个因素哪个影响最大。原文中的第四点前出现了<span word="above">above</span> <span word="all">all</span>，这个短语表示最重要的是，所以此题应该选择<span word="D">D</span> 类似的2005年的考题中也出现了同样的情况，题干中出现<span word="most">most</span>，选项中出现了列举。<span word="They">They</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="cute">cute</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span>-<span word="natured">natured</span>，<span word="cooperative">cooperative</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="tardily">tardily</span>. <span word="Above">Above</span> <span word="all">all</span>，<span word="like">like</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="closer">closer</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="ofgoods">ofgoods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="servicesthan">servicesthan</span> <span word="males">males</span>. 这些列举也分别被设计成了干扰项。但是其中受到强调的是<span word="above">above</span> <span word="all">all</span> 后面的这个因素。<span word="like">like</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span>， <span word="they">they</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="closer">closer</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="ofgoods">ofgoods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="servicesthan">servicesthan</span> <span word="males">males</span>，所以此题答案为<span word="D">D</span>. 从上面的分析可以看出，阅读理解并不是简单的读懂文章就可以把题作对。还要能够审清题目，理解题目要求。一般来讲，题干中如果出现表示时间、范围、程度和先后次序的词语，考生都需谨慎对待，因为这些词语很有可能成为命题人精心设计的陷阱。 请仔细观察题干,标示出其中限定性的词语。 1.<span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="starting">starting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="because">because</span> . 2.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="foremost">foremost</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="BBC">BBC</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="readjust">readjust</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="than">than</span> ________. 3.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="visitors">visitors</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="world">world</span>, ________. 4.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="is">is</span> ________ <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>. 5.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="census">census</span> <span word="distinguished">distinguished</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> ________.</p>
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