日本重男轻女的观念正在改变
<p> 日本重男轻女的观念正在改变 <span word="Unlike">Unlike</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="East">East</span> <span word="Asian">Asian</span> <span word="nations">nations</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sons">sons</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="daughters">daughters</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="prevails">prevails</span>, <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="progressively">progressively</span> <span word="shifted">shifted</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visible">visible</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>. 在其他东亚国家重男轻女趋向仍然盛行的今天，日本过去几十年的儿童性别偏好已逐步从重男轻女转向明显的女儿偏好。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="extent">extent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="shaped">shaped</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="attitudes">attitudes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="evaluate">evaluate</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="preference">preference</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reflection">reflection</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="convergence">convergence</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="persistent">persistent</span> <span word="divergence">divergence</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="roles">roles</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>. <span word="Data">Data</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Single">Single</span> <span word="Persons">Persons</span> <span word="subset">subset</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 11<span word="th">th</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Fertility">Fertility</span> <span word="Survey">Survey</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Population">Population</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="Security">Security</span> <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1997 <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="attitudes">attitudes</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="differs">differs</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span>. <span word="Overall">Overall</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="nontraditional">nontraditional</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="attitudes">attitudes</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="men">men</span>, <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="attitudes">attitudes</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="tendency">tendency</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="daughters">daughters</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="large">large</span>-<span word="scale">scale</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="surveys">surveys</span>. <span word="Empirical">Empirical</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="journals">journals</span>. <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="sociological">sociological</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="literature">literature</span>. <span word="Gender">Gender</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="progressively">progressively</span> <span word="shifted">shifted</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visible">visible</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="shocking">shocking</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sociologists">sociologists</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="demographers">demographers</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sons">sons</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="daughters">daughters</span> <span word="prevails">prevails</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="populations">populations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="East">East</span> <span word="Asia">Asia</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="volume">volume</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="uncovers">uncovers</span> <span word="parental">parental</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Republic">Republic</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Korea">Korea</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="chronic">chronic</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="attributable">attributable</span> <span word="to">to</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="preferences">preferences</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="neighbors">neighbors</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="geographic">geographic</span> <span word="proximity">proximity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="Confucius">Confucius</span> <span word="background">background</span>; <span word="and">and</span>/<span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="presumption">presumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="exhibit">exhibit</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="development">development</span>, <span word="thereby">thereby</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="appealing">appealing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="examine">examine</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="evident">evident</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issue">issue</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="parental">parental</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="preferences">preferences</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="implication">implication</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="rights">rights</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="impact">impact</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>, <span word="salient">salient</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="sex">sex</span>-<span word="selective">selective</span> <span word="abortion">abortion</span>, <span word="female">female</span> <span word="infanticide">infanticide</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="neglect">neglect</span>. <span word="Also">Also</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="coupled">coupled</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="strict">strict</span> <span word="fertility">fertility</span> <span word="regulations">regulations</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="imbalanced">imbalanced</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="ratios">ratios</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="birth">birth</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="emergence">emergence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="skewed">skewed</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="ratios">ratios</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="scenario">scenario</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="continues">continues</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="declining">declining</span> <span word="fertility">fertility</span>.</p>
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