马能通过眼睛与耳朵相互交流
<p> 马能通过眼睛与耳朵相互交流 <span word="Horses">Horses</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="sensitive">sensitive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="facial">facial</span> <span word="expressions">expressions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="horses">horses</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ears">ears</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="findings">findings</span>, <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Cell">Cell</span> <span word="Press">Press</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Current">Current</span> <span word="Biology">Biology</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="August">August</span> 4, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reminder">reminder</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="limitations">limitations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="recognize">recognize</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="communicate">communicate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="t">t</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="say">say</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="human">human</span> <span word="ears">ears</span> <span word="aren">aren</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="mobile">mobile</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="examine">examine</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="cue">cue</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ears">ears</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Jennifer">Jennifer</span> <span word="Wathan">Wathan</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Sussex">Sussex</span>. <span word="Previous">Previous</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="investigating">investigating</span> <span word="communication">communication</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="focused">focused</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="cues">cues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="use">use</span>: <span word="body">body</span> <span word="orientation">orientation</span>, <span word="head">head</span> <span word="orientation">orientation</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eye">eye</span> <span word="gaze">gaze</span>; <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="else">else</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="that">that</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="ear">ear</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="crucial">crucial</span> <span word="visual">visual</span> <span word="signal">signal</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="to">to</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="detailed">detailed</span> <span word="facial">facial</span> <span word="features">features</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ears">ears</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="horse">horse</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="head">head</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="guide">guide</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="notion">notion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sides">sides</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="heads">heads</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="glean">glean</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="gaze">gaze</span>. <span word="Wathan">Wathan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="Karen">Karen</span> <span word="McComb">McComb</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="photographs">photographs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="document">document</span> <span word="cues">cues</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="something">something</span>. <span word="Then">Then</span> <span word="Wathan">Wathan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="McComb">McComb</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="photographs">photographs</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="sized">sized</span> <span word="models">models</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="chose">chose</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="feeding">feeding</span> <span word="buckets">buckets</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="case">case</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="horse">horse</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="photo">photo</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="buckets">buckets</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="instances">instances</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="manipulated">manipulated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="remove">remove</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="facial">facial</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ears">ears</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="observations">observations</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="head">head</span> <span word="orientation">orientation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="peers">peers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="locate">locate</span> <span word="food">food</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="disrupted">disrupted</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="face">face</span> -- <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ears">ears</span> -- <span word="are">are</span> <span word="covered">covered</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="masks">masks</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="correctly">correctly</span> <span word="judge">judge</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="varied">varied</span> <span word="depending">depending</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="identity">identity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="horse">horse</span> <span word="pictured">pictured</span>, <span word="suggesting">suggesting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="facial">facial</span> <span word="features">features</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="important">important</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="report">report</span>. <span word="Wathan">Wathan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="McComb">McComb</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="continue">continue</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explore">explore</span> <span word="facial">facial</span> <span word="features">features</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expression">expression</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="emotion">emotion</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="horses">horses</span>, <span word="noting">noting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="understanding">understanding</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="horses">horses</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="implications">implications</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="welfare">welfare</span>. <span word="Horses">Horses</span> <span word="display">display</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fluid">fluid</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="organization">organization</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span>, <span word="elephants">elephants</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dolphins">dolphins</span>, <span word="Wathan">Wathan</span> <span word="says">says</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="societies">societies</span> <span word="create">create</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="maintaining">maintaining</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unpredictable">unpredictable</span> <span word="interactions">interactions</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="promoted">promoted</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="advanced">advanced</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="communicative">communicative</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="structure">structure</span>.</p>
页:
[1]