自信让你魅力四射
<p> 自信让你魅力四射 <span word="No">No</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="doubts">doubts</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="research">research</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="actual">actual</span> <span word="expertise">expertise</span>. 自信的价值毋庸置疑。事实上，研究显示人们看重自信更甚于实际能力。 <span word="G">G</span>. <span word="Richard">Richard</span> <span word="Shell">Shell</span> <span word="teaches">teaches</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Wharton">Wharton</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="Springboard">Springboard</span>: <span word="Launching">Launching</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="Personal">Personal</span> <span word="Search">Search</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Success">Success</span>, <span word="out">out</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="paperback">paperback</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="week">week</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="chapter">chapter</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="confident">confident</span>. 理查谢尔现任教于沃顿商学院，他著作的《跳板：启动你的个人成功搜索》一书的平装版于本周与读者见面，书中有很精彩的一章内容是关于如何变得更加自信。 <span word="Heres">Heres</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span>. 以下是大家需要知道的。 1. <span word="Surround">Surround</span> <span word="Yourself">Yourself</span> <span word="With">With</span> <span word="People">People</span> <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="Believe">Believe</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="You">You</span> 1. 和相信你的人一起 <span word="Ive">Ive</span> <span word="posted">posted</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="context">context</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span>. 我发过很多关于环境的力量如何提升行为的论述。而人，也是这环境的一部分。 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="youre">youre</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="youre">youre</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="respect">respect</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="Partially">Partially</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="thats">thats</span> <span word="perfectly">perfectly</span> <span word="fine">fine</span>. 当你尊敬的人告诉你你很棒的时候，你会相信他。部分地讲，这也是一种安慰效应。但这种感觉真的很棒。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="creates">creates</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="fulfilling">fulfilling</span> <span word="prophecy">prophecy</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="harder">harder</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="you">you</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="push">push</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="harder">harder</span>. 这就创造了一个自我实现的预言。当你相信自己可以的时候，你会更加努力。当别人相信你的时候，他们会更尽力地推动你前进。 <span word="Together">Together</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="better">better</span><span word="so">so</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="confident">confident</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="easier">easier</span>. 所有因素一起作用都会让你做得更好所以你有理由变得自信。然后下一次，自信来得更加容易。 <span word="Via">Via</span> <span word="Springboard">Springboard</span>: <span word="Launching">Launching</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="Personal">Personal</span> <span word="Search">Search</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Success">Success</span>: 以下来自于《跳板：启动你的个人成功搜索》： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="transferred">transferred</span> <span word="expectations">expectations</span>, <span word="also">also</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="fulfilling">fulfilling</span> <span word="prophecy">prophecy</span>, <span word="occurs">occurs</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="combination">combination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="holding">holding</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expectation">expectation</span> <span word="treats">treats</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="differently">differently</span>, <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="challenging">challenging</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="learning">learning</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="receiving">receiving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span> <span word="accepts">accepts</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="accurate">accurate</span> <span word="assessment">assessment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="gives">gives</span>. 期望传递，也被称为自我实现的预言。这种现象的产生是由两个原因共同引起的。心怀期望的人对待其他人的方式是不同的，他会给其他人更有挑战性的工作，从而让人可以学到更多。与此同时，接受工作建议的人会将这看作对自己能力的准确评估，反过来也会付出更多努力。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="lesson">lesson</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="plain">plain</span>: <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="performing">performing</span>/ <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="expectation">expectation</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="versus">versus</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="performing">performing</span>/ <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="expectation">expectation</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="setting">setting</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="expend">expend</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span>. 其中的道理很直白：要懂得高表现/高期望的环境与低表现、低期望相比所能赋予的能量。你所处的社交环境会很强烈地影响你的信念而信念会影响你的自信，你付出的努力，和你获得的成果。 2. <span word="Focus">Focus</span> <span word="On">On</span> <span word="Learning">Learning</span> 2. 专注于成长 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="learning">learning</span>, <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="shake">shake</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span>. 当你集中注意力在学习上时，失败只是过程的一部分，不会动摇你的自信。 <span word="Tests">Tests</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gauge">gauge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="unchangeable">unchangeable</span>, <span word="innate">innate</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>. <span word="Theyre">Theyre</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="improvement">improvement</span> <span word="youve">youve</span> <span word="made">made</span>. 测试不是对自我价值或者固有天赋的评估，而是对你的进步的估量。 <span word="Building">Building</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Carol">Carol</span> <span word="Dweck">Dweck</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="mindset">mindset</span>: <span word="Measure">Measure</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="effort">effort</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="results">results</span>. 根据卡罗尔德伟克的研究，你需要有一个成长的心态：用付出去评估自己，而不是用结果。 <span word="Via">Via</span> <span word="Springboard">Springboard</span>: <span word="Launching">Launching</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="Personal">Personal</span> <span word="Search">Search</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Success">Success</span>: 以下来自于《跳板：启动你的个人成功搜索》： <span word="repeated">repeated</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="demonstrated">demonstrated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="praising">praising</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="innate">innate</span> <span word="talent">talent</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="praise">praise</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="genuine">genuine</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="accomplish">accomplish</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="discount">discount</span> <span word="comments">comments</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="ignore">ignore</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="halfhearted">halfhearted</span> <span word="effort">effort</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="proud">proud</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="follows">follows</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span>. 诸多实验反复证实了肯定付出的努力而不是天赋这一做法的价值。如果其他人以正确的方式表扬你，这也会引导你在有了重大成就的时候肯定自己真实的努力，更少地去在乎他人对于你的天赋所起作用的评价。如果只是三心二意地付出了，那么你应该忽略由此带来的任何结果无论是好是坏。而且对于努力付出后的任何结果，哪怕不是当初所希望的你都应该为之自豪。 3. <span word="Create">Create</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Ritual">Ritual</span> 3. 开创让自己进入状态的仪式 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="zone">zone</span>? <span word="What">What</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="ready">ready</span>? <span word="A">A</span> <span word="cup">cup</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="coffee">coffee</span>? <span word="Preparation">Preparation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="review">review</span>? <span word="Playing">Playing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>? 什么能让你进入状态?什么能让你准备就绪?一杯咖啡?准备和回顾?手机上玩个游戏? <span word="Recent">Recent</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="professors">professors</span> <span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Norton">Norton</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Francesca">Francesca</span> <span word="Gino">Gino</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="rituals">rituals</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="confident">confident</span>. 哈佛教授迈克尔诺顿和弗兰切斯卡吉诺的近期研究显示：固定的仪式有让人更加自信的力量。 <span word="Francesca">Francesca</span> <span word="explained">explained</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="interview">interview</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span>: 弗兰切斯卡在我对她的采访中解释到： <span word="What">What</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="rituals">rituals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="beneficial">beneficial</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bringing">bringing</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="potentially">potentially</span> <span word="impacting">impacting</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="positively">positively</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="found">found</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="physiological">physiological</span> <span word="measures">measures</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="engage">engage</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ritual">ritual</span> <span word="prior">prior</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="potentially">potentially</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span> <span word="task">task</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="singing">singing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="solving">solving</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="math">math</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="calmer">calmer</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="confident">confident</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="youre">youre</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="perform">perform</span> <span word="better">better</span>. 在这个项目中，我们研究的是这些让人进入状态的仪式是否真正有益于培养自信和积极地影响你的表现。而这正是我们所发现的。研究中很有趣的一点在于我们也有生理上的估量指标。我们发现如果你之前有参与让自己进入状态的仪式，那么在做类似在大众面前唱歌或者解决数学难题这种会让人产生潜在焦虑的事情的时候，你会更加冷静，对自己要做的事情也会更加自信。因为这样，你实际上也会做得更出色。 4. <span word="Accumulate">Accumulate</span> <span word="Small">Small</span> <span word="Wins">Wins</span> 4. 积累点滴的成功 <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="Olympic">Olympic</span> <span word="athletes">athletes</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span>. 有些奥林匹克运动员的训练过程也是设计成培养自信的模式。 <span word="Rather">Rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="focusing">focusing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gold">gold</span> <span word="medal">medal</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="achievable">achievable</span> <span word="goals">goals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="there">there</span>. 他们不把目标集中在金牌上，而是设定更小的能够达成的目标，从小目标开始努力。 <span word="By">By</span> <span word="seeing">seeing</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="accumulate">accumulate</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="wins">wins</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="grows">grows</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="grows">grows</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="unstoppable">unstoppable</span>. 看着自己一点一滴地积累达成小目标的成功，他们会越来越自信，直到有了无可抵挡的感觉。 <span word="Via">Via</span> <span word="Springboard">Springboard</span>: <span word="Launching">Launching</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="Personal">Personal</span> <span word="Search">Search</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Success">Success</span>: 以下来自于《跳板：启动你的个人成功搜索》： <span word="In">In</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="articles">articles</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Olympic">Olympic</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="read">read</span>, <span word="Daniel">Daniel</span> <span word="Chambliss">Chambliss</span> <span word="tracked">tracked</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="USA">USA</span> <span word="Swimming">Swimming</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="athletes">athletes</span> <span word="ready">ready</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="compete">compete</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Olympic">Olympic</span> <span word="games">games</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="threads">threads</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="series">series</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="wins">wins</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="winning">winning</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="medal">medal</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="Chambliss">Chambliss</span> <span word="summarized">summarized</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="swimmers">swimmers</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="things">things</span>: <span word="working">working</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="week">week</span>, <span word="polishing">polishing</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="backstroke">backstroke</span> <span word="technique">technique</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>, <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pace">pace</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="swim">swim</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="satisfaction">satisfaction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="definable">definable</span>, <span word="minor">minor</span> <span word="achievements">achievements</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="wins">wins</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 在我读过的关于奥运训练最好的文章之一中，丹尼尔钱布利斯对美国奥运游泳项目的训练方式进行了追踪。其中一个常见的训练要素就是集中注意在一系列点滴的成功，而不是赢得金牌的大目标。如钱布利斯所总结的，游泳运动员们 在细小的事情上发现挑战：这周有一个更好的开始，下周完善自己的仰泳技巧，计划着怎样有条不紊地游。这样一来，他们在非常明确的，点滴的成就中感到满足，从而让他们每天都自信地去尝试积累更多点滴的成功。 5. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="Rational">Rational</span> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Irrational">Irrational</span> 5. 即使看似毫无理性，也放手去做 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="rational">rational</span> <span word="blog">blog</span>. <span word="You">You</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="rational">rational</span> <span word="creature">creature</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="works">works</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="irrational">irrational</span>. 这是一个理性说理的博客。而人本身，却不是非常理性的生物。所以，尽管看似毫无理性，但只要有用，就放手去做。 <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="luck">luck</span> <span word="charms">charms</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="inspire">inspire</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="improves">improves</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tasks">tasks</span>. 研究表明幸运符的确可以激发自信，且在很多不同的活动中都能提升表现。 <span word="Via">Via</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Courage">Courage</span> <span word="Quotient">Quotient</span>: <span word="How">How</span> <span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="Make">Make</span> <span word="You">You</span> <span word="Braver">Braver</span>: 以下来自于《胆商：科学如何让你更勇敢》： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="activating">activating</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="luck">luck</span> <span word="beliefs">beliefs</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="objects">objects</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="consistently">consistently</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="up">up</span>-<span word="tick">tick</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="assurance">assurance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="affected">affected</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="performance">performance</span>. <span word="Lucky">Lucky</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="positively">positively</span> <span word="affected">affected</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="solve">solve</span> <span word="puzzles">puzzles</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pictures">pictures</span> <span word="depicted">depicted</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span>-<span word="six">six</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="cards">cards</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="improved">improved</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="putting">putting</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="golf">golf</span>! <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lucky">lucky</span> <span word="charm">charm</span> <span word="performed">performed</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="none">none</span>. <span word="Thats">Thats</span> <span word="right">right</span>, <span word="having">having</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lucky">lucky</span> <span word="charm">charm</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="golfer">golfer</span>, <span word="should">should</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="things">things</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="tasks">tasks</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="memory">memory</span> <span word="games">games</span>. 研究人员发现，一旦激发人们对幸运符带来好运的信念，这些幸运符便能够长久地激发人的自信，而这种对积极的自我肯定反过来也能影响很多方面的表现。研究表明，这种基于幸运的思维方式，能够积极地影响人们在猜谜，记忆36个不同图片的卡片，以及打高尔夫球时推杆的能力。实际上，有幸运符的人们比没有任何幸运符的人们表现明显更棒。就是这样噢，如果你在意幸运符一类的东西的话，它确实会让你高尔夫打得更好，还能提升你在诸如记忆游戏等活动中的认知表现。 6. <span word="Get">Get</span> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="Work">Work</span> 6. 努力去建立自信 <span word="Yes">Yes</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="naturally">naturally</span> <span word="superconfident">superconfident</span>. <span word="Others">Others</span> <span word="fake">fake</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 是的，有些人生来超级自信，其他人则需要假装。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="build">build</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span>. 而且，做些努力，你可以建立自信。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="Alfred">Alfred</span> <span word="Binet">Binet</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="inventor">inventor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="IQ">IQ</span> <span word="test">test</span>, <span word="say">say</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span>? 智商测试的发明者阿尔弗雷德比奈，对于智力讲过什么呢? <span word="Via">Via</span> <span word="Springboard">Springboard</span>: <span word="Launching">Launching</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="Personal">Personal</span> <span word="Search">Search</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Success">Success</span>: 以下来自于《跳板：启动你的个人成功搜索》： <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smartest">smartest</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smartest">smartest</span>. 最后智力超群的人，并不总是开始时候的那些聪明人。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span>. 自信也是如此。</p>
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