考研英语真题材料100篇连载7
<p> <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workforce">workforce</span> <span word="EVEN">EVEN</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="modern">modern</span>, <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="surveys">surveys</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="longstanding">longstanding</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="blessing">blessing</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="providers">providers</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="age">age</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="again">again</span>. <span word="Girls">Girls</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="investment">investment</span>. <span word="Girls">Girls</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="grades">grades</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="boys">boys</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="university">university</span>. <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 21<span word="st">st</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="count">count</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="brawn">brawn</span>. <span word="Furthermore">Furthermore</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>. <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="contributed">contributed</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="GDP">GDP</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="giants">giants</span>, <span word="China">China</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="India">India</span>. <span word="Add">Add</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="housework">housework</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="child">child</span>-<span word="rearing">rearing</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="output">output</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="but">but</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="prejudice">prejudice</span> <span word="fades">fades</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="women">women</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="scope">scope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="productivityand">productivityand</span> <span word="incomes">incomes</span>. <span word="Governments">Governments</span>, <span word="too">too</span>, <span word="should">should</span> <span word="embrace">embrace</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span>. <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="complain">complain</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="exploitation">exploitation</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="economist">economist</span>, <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="exploited">exploited</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>: <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="under">under</span>-<span word="utilised">utilised</span> <span word="resource">resource</span>; <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="woes">woes</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="shrinking">shrinking</span> <span word="populations">populations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="fret">fret</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="children">children</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="GDP">GDP</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="negative">negative</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="externalities">externalities</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Sweden">Sweden</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Italy">Italy</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>. <span word="Others">Others</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="womens">womens</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expense">expense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="children">children</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="mixed">mixed</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Suzanne">Suzanne</span> <span word="Bianchi">Bianchi</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Maryland">Maryland</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="finds">finds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="mothers">mothers</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="average">average</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="childcare">childcare</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2003 <span word="as">as</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1965.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="offset">offset</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="housework">housework</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="spare">spare</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>, <span word="Germany">Germany</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Italy">Italy</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="troubled">troubled</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="demographics">demographics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shrinking">shrinking</span> <span word="populations">populations</span>, <span word="far">far</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="let">let</span> <span word="alone">alone</span> <span word="Sweden">Sweden</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="labour">labour</span>-<span word="force">force</span> <span word="participation">participation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="rose">rose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="levels">levels</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="helpful">helpful</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>. <span word="Likewise">Likewise</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="boys">boys</span>, <span word="investing">investing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="deliver">deliver</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="returns">returns</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="productive">productive</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="healthier">healthier</span> <span word="children">children</span>. <span word="More">More</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="growth">growth</span>: <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="improving">improving</span> <span word="health">health</span>, <span word="education">education</span>, <span word="infrastructure">infrastructure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="tanks">tanks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bombs">bombs</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="good">good</span>. <span word="Luckily">Luckily</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span>. [真题例句]<span word="In">In</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="mirror">mirror</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="strengths">strengths</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weaknesses">weaknesses</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hopes">hopes</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="prejudices">prejudices</span> , <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="values">values</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>. [例句精译] 在这面镜子里，我们可以看到力量、弱点、希望、偏见和文化的核心价值。 [真题例句]<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="property">property</span> <span word="embraces">embraces</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ownership">ownership</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="resources">resources</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="rights">rights</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="contract">contract</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="individual">individual</span>. [例句精译] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包括生产资料的所有权，也包括一定的权利，比如，产品价格的决定权或与其他私有个体的自由签约权。 背景常识介绍： 随着时代的演进，特别是知识经济时代的来临，重男轻女的传统观念已失去左右企业甄选人才的能力。如今企业在选择人才时考虑的则是他或她将为企业带来何种最大化的价值。 参考译文： 女性工薪阶层 调查表明，即使在当今的发达国家，父母依然更喜欢男孩而不是女孩。认为男孩更具优势的一个传统原因是，男孩可以在父母年老时提供更好的经济帮助。现在父母该重新考虑了，女孩或许是更好的投资。 女孩在校学习的分数比男孩高，而且在大多数发达国家，上大学的女性比男性多。因此，面对21世纪的新工作，女性具备更好的就业能力，毕竟21世纪是讲究聪明的头脑而非强壮的肌肉的时代。 另外，在过去二十年中，就业女性的增长是发达国家经济增长的主要推动力。女性对全球国民生产总值增长的贡献比新技术和新巨头的贡献多得多。加上处理家务和养育孩子的价值，女性的贡献或许超过全球产出的一半。虽然女性获得较少的工资，也难以荣升到公司高层，但是，就像这些年来人们对她们的偏见逐渐减少那样，女性在提高她们的生产率和收入方面具有很大的拓展空间。 政府同样要发挥女性的潜能。几百年来女性抱怨她们受到剥削，但对于一个经济学家来说，女性的潜能还没有充分开发，她们是世界上最没有得到充分利用的资源，为更多女性提供工作是许多经济难题的部分解决方案。 有人担心，如果更多的女性参加工作而不是在家照顾孩子，虽然她们可以推动国民生产总值的增长，但也会产生负面的社会现象，如人口出生率的降低。但是，较多女性参加工作的发达国家的人口出生率比较多女性留在家庭的国家还要高。也有人担心女性加入雇佣劳动大军会影响孩子的成长。但这种现象是复杂的。例如，<span word="Maryland">Maryland</span>大学<span word="Suzanne">Suzanne</span> <span word="Bianchi">Bianchi</span>的研究发现，2003年和1965年母亲花在照顾孩子上的平均时间相同。工作时间的增加被较少的家务、休闲和睡眠时间抵消了。 显而易见，在深受人口缩减困扰的国家，如日本、德国和意大利，参加工作的女性比美国的少得多，更不用说瑞典的了。如果这些国家的女性劳动力能增加到美国的水平，那么这些国家的人口出生率将会大大增加。同样，在那些女孩上学机会比男孩少的发展中国家，增加教育的投资将会使国家获得巨大的经济和社会回报。受过教育的女性不仅能增加生产率，而且可以养育教育程度更高、更健康的孩子。更多女性在政府工作也可以推动经济增长：研究发现，女性更愿意把金钱花在改善健康、教育、基础设施和贫穷上面，而不会把大量金钱浪费在坦克和炸弹上。</p>
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