考研英语阅读篇章伴侣选择男女标准各不同
<p> 篇章：伴侣选择 男女标准各不同 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="partner">partner</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="mates">mates</span> <span word="attributes">attributes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="upside">upside</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="downside">downside</span> <span word="potential">potential</span>. <span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="framing">framing</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="evaluating">evaluating</span> <span word="suitors">suitors</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="negative">negative</span> <span word="perspectives">perspectives</span>. <span word="Still">Still</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Evolution">Evolution</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="Behavior">Behavior</span>, <span word="decision">decision</span>-<span word="making">making</span> <span word="varies">varies</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="criteria">criteria</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="viewpoints">viewpoints</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="choice">choice</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Concordia">Concordia</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="responded">responded</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="framing">framing</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="attractiveness">attractiveness</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="described">described</span>. <span word="Also">Also</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="partner">partner</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="framing">framing</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="stronger">stronger</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="men">men</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mate">mate</span> <span word="selection">selection</span>, <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attuned">attuned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="negatively">negatively</span> <span word="framed">framed</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="evolutionary">evolutionary</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="parental">parental</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="said">said</span> <span word="Gad">Gad</span> <span word="Saad">Saad</span>, <span word="Ph">Ph</span>.<span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Choosing">Choosing</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="provider">provider</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unloving">unloving</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="offspring">offspring</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="hypothesized">hypothesized</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="naturally">naturally</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="leery">leery</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="negatively">negatively</span> <span word="framed">framed</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="evaluating">evaluating</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="prospective">prospective</span> <span word="mate">mate</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="this">this</span>, <span word="Saad">Saad</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fellow">fellow</span> <span word="researcher">researcher</span> <span word="Tripat">Tripat</span> <span word="Gill">Gill</span>, <span word="Ph">Ph</span>.<span word="D">D</span>., <span word="called">called</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="study">study</span>. <span word="Participants">Participants</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="positively">positively</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="negatively">negatively</span> <span word="framed">framed</span> <span word="descriptions">descriptions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="partners">partners</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="Seven">Seven</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> 10 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="versus">versus</span> <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> 10 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> . <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="framing">framing</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="attributes">attributes</span>, <span word="two">two</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="respectively">respectively</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="necessities">necessities</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="sexes">sexes</span>: <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="body">body</span> ; <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="face">face</span> ; <span word="earning">earning</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> ; <span word="ambition">ambition</span> ; <span word="kindness">kindness</span> ; <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> . <span word="Participants">Participants</span> <span word="evaluated">evaluated</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="prospective">prospective</span> <span word="mates">mates</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="attributes">attributes</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="context">context</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="fling">fling</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span>. <span word="More">More</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="women">women</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="date">date</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="mates">mates</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="negatively">negatively</span> <span word="framed">framed</span> <span word="descriptions">descriptions</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="exactly">exactly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="positively">positively</span> <span word="framed">framed</span> <span word="descriptions">descriptions</span>. <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="susceptible">susceptible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="framing">framing</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="attributes">attributes</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="ambition">ambition</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="earning">earning</span> <span word="potential">potential</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="responded">responded</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="framing">framing</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="attractiveness">attractiveness</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="described">described</span>. 查看译文 新研究表明，个人在选择伴侣时往往基于潜在另一半的个人特征及其上升潜力或下行空间。 研究人员称，男性和女性通常运用框架思维，从积极和消极两个方面去评估追求者。 尽管如此，正如杂志《进化与人类行为》所讲，不同性别做决定时的标准与观点有所不同。 例如，来自肯高迪亚大学的研究者发现，当外表吸引力被发现时，男性对于框架效应往往会做出更强烈的反应。 并且，我们惊讶地发现，当我们选择伴侣时，框架效应在女性身上的体现甚至比男性更强烈。 当我们选择伴侣时，女性更倾向于选择消极的框架信息，这应该归因于一个被称为亲本投资理论的进化现象，萨德-加德博士说。 选择那些贫穷的养家者或者缺乏爱心的父亲将会给一个女人和她的后代带来严重的影响。因此我们推测女性在衡量未来的另一半时，对消极信息更加敏感。 为了证明这个理论，萨德及其同事崔帕德吉尔博士，邀请了上百个年轻的男性和女性参与调查。 参与者都被给予潜在伴侣的积极和消极的框架说明。例如，认识这个人的10人中有7人认为这个人是好人以及认识这个人的10人中有3人认为他不友善。 研究者用6个关键性控制程序测试框架效应，其中的两个分别对男性和女性更重要一些，并且这两个被看做是两性必需品： 有吸引力的身体 有吸引力的面孔 收入潜力 雄心壮志 仁慈善良 聪明智慧 参与者通过这些特征，在一个短期恋情或者长期关系的情境下来衡量高品质的和低品质的未来伴侣。 通常，女性称她们不太可能与消极框架下的潜在伴侣约会，尽管在每个例子中，她们被提供的信息和积极框架下的信息几乎完全相同。 同时，研究也证明女性会对框架效应更加敏感，尤其像抱负、收入潜力等特征，而男性则更看重外表。 </p>
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