2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (43)
<p> 2015阅读习题演练 <span word="Directions">Directions</span>: <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="article">article</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="removed">removed</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="Questions">Questions</span> 1-5, <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="AG">AG</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="numbered">numbered</span> <span word="blank">blank</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="choices">choices</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gaps">gaps</span>. 1) <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="options">options</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="rehearsed">rehearsed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="press">press</span>: <span word="excluding">excluding</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="treatments">treatments</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="NHS">NHS</span>, <span word="charging">charging</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="services">services</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="voluntary">voluntary</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="compulsory">compulsory</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span>. 2) <span word="we">we</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="about">about</span> 7 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="GDP">GDP</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="health">health</span>, <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> 9 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Netherlands">Netherlands</span> <span word="and">and</span> 10 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="France">France</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="outcomes">outcomes</span> <span word="versus">versus</span> <span word="spend">spend</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="compare">compare</span> <span word="pretty">pretty</span> <span word="favourably">favourably</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="providing">providing</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. 3) <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="implemented">implemented</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="deliberate">deliberate</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="voluntary">voluntary</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="emphasis">emphasis</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span>. 4) <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="so">so</span>, <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="taxes">taxes</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="plainly">plainly</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fund">fund</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="care">care</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="NHS">NHS</span> <span word="charges">charges</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="rationing">rationing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="restrictions">restrictions</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="procedures">procedures</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="proven">proven</span> <span word="outcomes">outcomes</span>. <span word="Stricter">Stricter</span> <span word="eligibility">eligibility</span> <span word="criteria">criteria</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="treatments">treatments</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="possibility">possibility</span>. 5) <span word="None">None</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="win">win</span> <span word="votes">votes</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="desperate">desperate</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="introduce">introduce</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="nobody">nobody</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="vote">vote</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="ill">ill</span>-<span word="health">health</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="either">either</span>. [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="English">English</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="Service">Service</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="universal">universal</span> <span word="health">health</span>-<span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="system">system</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="Now">Now</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shortage">shortage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="All">All</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="options">options</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sharp">sharp</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="fall">fall</span>-<span word="out">out</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="extremely">extremely</span> <span word="damaging">damaging</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="The">The</span> <span word="options">options</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shortage">shortage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="I">I</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="responsibility">responsibility</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="allows">allows</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="diagnosis">diagnosis</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="care">care</span>. [<span word="E">E</span>]<span word="Looking">Looking</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fund">fund</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="Service">Service</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 2<span word="lst">lst</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="raises">raises</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thorny">thorny</span> <span word="issues">issues</span>. [<span word="F">F</span>]<span word="More">More</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="universal">universal</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="coverage">coverage</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="top">top</span>-<span word="up">up</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="entitlements">entitlements</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finance">finance</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="financing">financing</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="opt">opt</span>-<span word="out">out</span> <span word="schemes">schemes</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="relief">relief</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="provision">provision</span>. [<span word="G">G</span>]<span word="Compared">Compared</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="Union">Union</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="operates">operates</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="system">system</span> 答案及详解 1.<span word="E">E</span>.第一段可译为看一看21世纪我们能为国民保健服务提供多少资金，会发现一大堆棘手问题。许多解决办法已经在报纸上讨论过多次，例如把一些治疗项目从国民保健服务中剔除出去，对某些药物和服务实行收费，建立自愿或强制性医疗保险制度等等。选项<span word="A">A</span>是干扰事项。选项<span word="A">A</span>是最根本上的问题。 2.<span word="G">G</span>.与欧盟其他国家相比，英国实行的是一套低成本医疗保健体系：我们花在医疗保健方面的钱占国内生产总值的百分之七，与荷兰、法国、德国相比，我们的表现还是不错的。因为后面列举了本国以及其他国家医疗保健占国内生产点值的百分比，可以看出英国实行低成本医疗保健体系。 3.<span word="F">F</span>.更可行的办法是由全民医疗保健制转向补差付费制，后一制度让人们享有基本的医疗保健权，但要求个人自筹资金支付超出基本医疗保健的费用;另一个办法是实行退出制，即利用减税鼓励个人解决自己的医疗保险问题。作者认为私费医疗保健对于解决目前问题起不了多大作用，接着提出相比之下更多可行的办法。 4.<span word="D">D</span>.我预计，利用使个人能够自诊，然后自疗的技术或通过家居护理，人们将对自身健康负起更大责任。下文：即使如此，显然仍要增税为医疗保健提供资金。我们最终会看到国民保健服务收费会更高，更多的医疗服务实行定量配给，对未证明以有效果的某些疗法会加以更多的限制。选项关键词语：<span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="so">so</span>。 5.<span word="B">B</span>.所有这些解决办法都意味着与传统一刀两断，而且可能会产生极具破坏性的政治影响。没有哪种办法会给万不得已采取这一办法的政党赢得选票-但是也没人会投票赞成身体多病或过早死亡。选项<span word="C">C</span>为干扰项。 中心思想 英国的国民保健服务是一种全民医疗保健体系，儿童、孕妇及低收入的人看病不要钱，其他人看病只交挂号费性质的处方费。不过处方费年年涨，如今已到6.2磅，可是资金短缺仍是一个大问题。 </p>
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