考研英语阅读篇章之人工智能
<p> 篇章：人工智能 <span word="Her">Her</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="movie">movie</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="director">director</span> <span word="Spike">Spike</span> <span word="Jonze">Jonze</span>, <span word="won">won</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Oscar">Oscar</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Best">Best</span> <span word="Original">Original</span> <span word="screenplay">screenplay</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="explores">explores</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="romantic">romantic</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="operating">operating</span> <span word="system">system</span>. 由美国导演斯派克琼斯自编自导的电影《她》斩获了本届奥斯卡最佳原创剧本奖。该片讲述了一个男人与电脑操作系统间的浪漫爱情故事。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="virtual">virtual</span> <span word="assistants">assistants</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="aspect">aspect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="life">life</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="Theodore">Theodore</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="protagonist">protagonist</span>, <span word="purchases">purchases</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span>-<span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="operating">operating</span> <span word="system">system</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="system">system</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="Samantha">Samantha</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Theodores">Theodores</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="smartphone">smartphone</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="carries">carries</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latter">latter</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="shirt">shirt</span> <span word="pocket">pocket</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Smanthats">Smanthats</span> <span word="camera">camera</span>-<span word="eye">eye</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="peek">peek</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>. 故事发生在不久的将来，人工智能助手已然成为人们日常生活中的一部分。一天，该片男主角托姆布雷购买了新一代操作系统萨曼莎，并将其安装在电脑和智能手机上。他将智能手机放在衬衫口袋中随身携带，这样萨曼莎就可以透过摄像头洞察到外面的世界。 <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="Samantha">Samantha</span> <span word="learns">learns</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="grows">grows</span>, <span word="discovering">discovering</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="desires">desires</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="forming">forming</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="personality">personality</span>. <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="long">long</span>, <span word="Theodore">Theodore</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="introducing">introducing</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="girlfriend">girlfriend</span>. 随着时间的推移，萨曼莎在不断学习和成长中逐渐产生了需求和欲望，并形成了自己的个性。不久以后，托姆布雷便将她以女友的身份介绍给别人。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="movie">movie</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="captured">captured</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="imagination">imagination</span>. <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="consciousness">consciousness</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="flesh">flesh</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="entity">entity</span>? <span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="Samantha">Samantha</span>-<span word="like">like</span> <span word="artificial">artificial</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reality">reality</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="day">day</span>? 电影的播出引发人们无尽遐想：离开血肉之躯的意识能够存活吗?将来，像萨曼莎这样拥有人类情感的人工智能助手真的能够成为现实么? <span word="Ray">Ray</span> <span word="Kurzweil">Kurzweil</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="AI">AI</span> <span word="visionary">visionary</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Googles">Googles</span> <span word="director">director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span>, <span word="predicts">predicts</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="Samantha">Samantha</span>-<span word="like">like</span> <span word="girlfriends">girlfriends</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="boyfriends">boyfriends</span> <span word="by">by</span> 2029. 全球人工智能领域领军人、谷歌工程总监雷库兹韦尔曾预测，到2029年我们就能拥有像萨曼莎这样的男/女朋友。 <span word="Kurzweil">Kurzweil</span> <span word="popularized">popularized</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Singularity">Singularity</span><span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="merge">merge</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="machines">machines</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="comes">comes</span>, <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="intelligent">intelligent</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="advance">advance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="connect">connect</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="machines">machines</span>. 库兹韦尔普及了奇点的理念未来人类将进入技术奇点，届时人类将与机器合二为一。当技术奇点时代来临，人工智能技术发展迅猛，人类必须将大脑与机器相连才能理解它们。 <span word="Distant">Distant</span> <span word="future">future</span>? 未来遥远吗? <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="post">post</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="website">website</span>, <span word="Kurzweil">Kurzweil</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="technological">technological</span> <span word="implications">implications</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Her">Her</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Samantha">Samantha</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2029, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leap">leap</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="human">human</span>-<span word="level">level</span> <span word="AI">AI</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reasonably">reasonably</span> <span word="believable">believable</span>。 库兹韦尔在个人网站上探讨了电影《她》所蕴含的科技元素。他说，2029年，像萨曼莎这样的故事情节很可能发生，那时，这种达到人类水平的人工智能将不再是天方夜谭。 <span word="Mars">Mars</span> <span word="Cyrillo">Cyrillo</span>, <span word="executive">executive</span> <span word="director">director</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="CI">CI</span> <span word="T">T</span>, <span word="echoes">echoes</span> <span word="Kurzweils">Kurzweils</span> <span word="optimism">optimism</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="article">article</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="VentureBeat">VentureBeat</span>.<span word="com">com</span>: 库兹韦尔曾在知名科技博客网站<span word="VentureBeat">VentureBeat</span>.<span word="com">com</span>上发表文章，对未来人工智能发展表示看好。而<span word="CI">CI</span> <span word="T">T</span>科技公司执行董事马尔斯西里络也十分赞同他的观点。他表示： <span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="assume">assume</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="interactions">interactions</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>, <span word="theres">theres</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>, <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="simulate">simulate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="wouldnt">wouldnt</span> <span word="exhibit">exhibit</span> <span word="human">human</span>-<span word="like">like</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>. 如果我们假设人之所以为人，完全依仗于人类的大脑，以及大脑与其他大脑和环境之间的交流，那么，我们就有理由相信，我们模拟人脑制造出来的电脑将来也能够做出类似的人类行为。 <span word="Cyrillo">Cyrillo</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="shares">shares</span> <span word="Kurzweils">Kurzweils</span> <span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="by">by</span> 2045 <span word="well">well</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="molecule">molecule</span>-<span word="sized">sized</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="inside">inside</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="brains">brains</span>, <span word="tasked">tasked</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="protecting">protecting</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="enhancing">enhancing</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span> <span word="powers">powers</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="connect">connect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cloud">cloud</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="abilities">abilities</span> <span word="extended">extended</span>. 同库兹韦尔一样，西里络也相信到2045年，我们会制造出可安装在人体和大脑内的分子级电脑，达到呵护健康和提高认知能力的目的。我们的大脑可以连接到云，从而拓展大脑的能力。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="Cyrillo">Cyrillo</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="shouldnt">shouldnt</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="linearly">linearly</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="evolves">evolves</span> <span word="exponentially">exponentially</span>. 你或许会想，在短短几十年内这样的事情根本不可能发生，但是西里络表示，我们不能线性思考，因为科技正在突飞猛进。 <span word="In">In</span> 30 <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="Apple">Apple</span> <span word="managed">managed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="phone">phone</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="computational">computational</span> <span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> 200 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="Macintosh">Macintosh</span>, <span word="Cyrillo">Cyrillo</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span>. <span word="Projecting">Projecting</span> 30 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="molecule">molecule</span>-<span word="sized">sized</span> <span word="computer">computer</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="iPhone">iPhone</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="today">today</span>, <span word="isnt">isnt</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="crazy">crazy</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="think">think</span>. 短短30年的时间，苹果公司研制出计算能力比第一代苹果机几乎快两亿倍的一款手机，西里络写道，这样说来，预计从现在开始的30年内，研制出比<span word="iPhone">iPhone</span>强大数十亿倍的分子级电脑，也并不是什么疯狂的想法。 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="quantum">quantum</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="advances">advances</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="neuroscience">neuroscience</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="happening">happening</span>, <span word="Cyrillo">Cyrillo</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="believes">believes</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="examples">examples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="AI">AI</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> 30 <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="AI">AI</span> <span word="agents">agents</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="universe">universe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="mysteries">mysteries</span>. 随着量子计算机的发展和神经系统学的突飞猛进，西里络相信用不了30年，我们就能够研制出功能强大的人工智能样本;或至少能够研制出用来探索宇宙奥秘的人工智能。</p>
页:
[1]