2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (23)
<p> <span word="For">For</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="wrongdoers">wrongdoers</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="punished">punished</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="crimes">crimes</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="punishment">punishment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="preserves">preserves</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="respects">respects</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="authority">authority</span>.<span word="From">From</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="view">view</span>，<span word="punishment">punishment</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="things">things</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="upholds">upholds</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="law">law</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="prevents">prevents</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="punishment">punishment</span>.<span word="Punishment">Punishment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="barely">barely</span> <span word="controlled">controlled</span> <span word="desire">desire</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="forbidden">forbidden</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="rehabilitate">rehabilitate</span> <span word="habitual">habitual</span> <span word="criminals">criminals</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="offender">offender</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="petty">petty</span> <span word="thief">thief</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="repeated">repeated</span> <span word="offender">offender</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="commits">commits</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="crimes">crimes</span>.<span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="criminologists">criminologists</span>，<span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="decrease">decrease</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="offenders">offenders</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="wrongdoing">wrongdoing</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.<span word="prisons">prisons</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="rehabilitating">rehabilitating</span> <span word="inmates">inmates</span>.<span word="About">About</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="thirds">thirds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="arrested">arrested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="record">record</span>. <span word="Rehabilitation">Rehabilitation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="criminals">criminals</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="improved">improved</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="experts">experts</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="offenders">offenders</span>.<span word="Criminals">Criminals</span> <span word="vary">vary</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="crimes">crimes</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="commit">commit</span>，<span word="their">their</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="backgrounds">backgrounds</span>.<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="offenders">offenders</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="helped">helped</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span>.<span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="aid">aid</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="physicians">physicians</span>，<span word="psychiatrists">psychiatrists</span>，<span word="or">or</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span>.<span word="Others">Others</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="educational">educational</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="vocational">vocational</span> <span word="training">training</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span>，<span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="about">about</span> 1，300，000 <span word="criminals">criminals</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.<span word="city">city</span>，<span word="county">county</span>，<span word="state">state</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="federal">federal</span> <span word="correctional">correctional</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="about">about</span> 500，000 <span word="more">more</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="parole">parole</span>.<span word="Society">Society</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> $15 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="prisons">prisons</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="yearly">yearly</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="sum">sum</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span>.<span word="Nearly">Nearly</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feed">feed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="clothe">clothe</span> <span word="prisoners">prisoners</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="control">control</span>. <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1<span word="ate">ate</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span>，<span word="however">however</span>，<span word="there">there</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="punishment">punishment</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="rehabilitation">rehabilitation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="offenders">offenders</span>.<span word="Prison">Prison</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>.<span word="Capital">Capital</span> <span word="punishments">punishments</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="frequently">frequently</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.<span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="lifted">lifted</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="penalty">penalty</span> <span word="ban">ban</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1976.<span word="Nevertheless">Nevertheless</span>，<span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="prevention">prevention</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="aim">aim</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="criminals">criminals</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="place">place</span>.<span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="slums">slums</span>.<span word="These">These</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="improved">improved</span> <span word="housing">housing</span>，<span word="schools">schools</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="recreation">recreation</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="crime">crime</span>.<span word="People">People</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="persuaded">persuaded</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="precautions">precautions</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="crime">crime</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taught">taught</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="homes">homes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="burglary">burglary</span>.<span word="Automobile">Automobile</span> <span word="thefts">thefts</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="sharply">sharply</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="drivers">drivers</span> <span word="removed">removed</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="keys">keys</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="locked">locked</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="cars">cars</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="them">them</span>.<span word="Better">Better</span> <span word="lighting">lighting</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="discourage">discourage</span> <span word="purse">purse</span>-<span word="snatchings">snatchings</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="robberies">robberies</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="streets">streets</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="parks">parks</span>.<span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="experts">experts</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="strict">strict</span> <span word="gun">gun</span>-<span word="licensing">licensing</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="crime">crime</span>. 1.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="behave">behave</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="forbidden">forbidden</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="formulation">formulation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="law">law</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="else">else</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="convinces">convinces</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="crimes">crimes</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="eliminated">eliminated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="society">society</span> [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="false">false</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> 2.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="implies">implies</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.<span word="prison">prison</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="criminals">criminals</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rehabilitate">rehabilitate</span> <span word="habitual">habitual</span> <span word="criminals">criminals</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="reforming">reforming</span> <span word="criminals">criminals</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="prison">prison</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="wrongdoing">wrongdoing</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="crimes">crimes</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="decrease">decrease</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="desire">desire</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="healthily">healthily</span> <span word="channeled">channeled</span> 3.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="speculates">speculates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="rehabilitation">rehabilitation</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="effective">effective</span> <span word="if">if</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="criminals">criminals</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="rehabilitation">rehabilitation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="aimed">aimed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="rehabilitation">rehabilitation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="facilitated">facilitated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="physicians">physicians</span>，<span word="psychiatrists">psychiatrists</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="crimes">crimes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="dealt">dealt</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="suit">suit</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> 4.<span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>，<span word="punishment">punishment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="rehabilitation">rehabilitation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="reducing">reducing</span> <span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rehabilitation">rehabilitation</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="so">so</span> <span word="stricter">stricter</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="absolutely">absolutely</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="but">but</span> <span word="preventing">preventing</span> <span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="effective">effective</span> 5. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="concludes">concludes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="pointing">pointing</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="that">that</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="gun">gun</span>-<span word="licensing">licensing</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crimes">crimes</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="educational">educational</span> <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="offences">offences</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="more">more</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="provided">provided</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="criminals">criminals</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="reduction">reduction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="multiple">multiple</span> <span word="improvements">improvements</span> 1.[<span word="A">A</span>]意为：导致刑法的制定。第一段最后一句指出，惩罚是基于这样一种认识：许多人几乎无法控制自己的欲望，总想以不容许的方式行事。这里的含义是：为了制止人们这种想法和行为，制定法律来约束他们是必要的。 2.[<span word="A">A</span>] 第二段第四、五句指出，但是美国监狱在改造罪犯方面不成功。每年被逮捕的人中有约2/3的人有前科。 3.[<span word="D">D</span>] 第三段第一句指出，如果专家们能为不同的罪犯提供合适的改造方案，会大大地改进对罪犯的改造。注意：本句是一个虚拟句，表达作者的建议，它同时也是本段的主题句。 4.[<span word="D">D</span>] 第四段提到，自20世纪70年代末以来，人们更重视惩罚而不是改造，死刑的适用更加频繁，但是，阻止犯罪应该首先防止人们成为罪犯。这句话表达了作者的观点。 5.[<span word="D">D</span>] 最后一段提到，人们自身也应该加强防范犯罪的意识，政府部门、法律部门也应该做出努力。可见，减少犯罪是一个综合治理问题。</p>
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