2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (35)
<p> 2015阅读习题演练 <span word="Directions">Directions</span>: <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="article">article</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="removed">removed</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="Questions">Questions</span> 1-5, <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="AG">AG</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="numbered">numbered</span> <span word="blank">blank</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="choices">choices</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gaps">gaps</span>. <span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="stages">stages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Industrial">Industrial</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span>, 1)<span word="But">But</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="swing">swing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="products">products</span>, <span word="e">e</span>. <span word="g">g</span>. <span word="processed">processed</span> <span word="foods">foods</span>, <span word="came">came</span> <span word="onto">onto</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span>, <span word="national">national</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="campaigns">campaigns</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="brand">brand</span>-<span word="naming">naming</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>. <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="large">large</span>-<span word="scale">scale</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="production">production</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="unit">unit</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="adaptable">adaptable</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="distributing">distributing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="selling">selling</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="undertaken">undertaken</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="wholesalers">wholesalers</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="specialized">specialized</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="flexible">flexible</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="demands">demands</span>. 2)<span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1870<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="production">production</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="steadily">steadily</span> <span word="expanded">expanded</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="corresponding">corresponding</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="retail">retail</span> <span word="outlets">outlets</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="depression">depression</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="over">over</span>-<span word="production">production</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="under">under</span>-<span word="consumptionmanufactured">consumptionmanufactured</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="piled">piled</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="unsold">unsold</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="profits">profits</span> <span word="fell">fell</span>. <span word="Towards">Towards</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="realized">realized</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="depressions">depressions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="slumps">slumps</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="combined">combined</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="widened">widened</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="eggs">eggs</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="basket">basket</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="realized">realized</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="steps">steps</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ensure">ensure</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="ushered">ushered</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="phase">phase</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="monopoly">monopoly</span> <span word="capitalism">capitalism</span> , <span word="which">which</span>, <span word="roughly">roughly</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span>, <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="giant">giant</span>，<span word="conglomerate">conglomerate</span> <span word="enterprises">enterprises</span>. <span word="Whereas">Whereas</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="trading">trading</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="rival">rival</span> <span word="firms">firms</span>, <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="depression">depression</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="units">units</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="combines">combines</span> <span word="relied">relied</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="products">products</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="occurred">occurred</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="manufacture">manufacture</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="distribution">distribution</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="soap">soap</span> <span word="trade">trade</span>. <span word="From">From</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1850<span word="s">s</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="flooded">flooded</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="anonymous">anonymous</span> <span word="bars">bars</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="soap">soap</span>, <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="manufacturers">manufacturers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="distributed">distributed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="wholesalers">wholesalers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="door">door</span>-<span word="to">to</span>-<span word="door">door</span> <span word="sellers">sellers</span>. 3)<span word="For">For</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="Lard">Lard</span> <span word="Leverhulme">Leverhulme</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="brand">brand</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="soap">soap</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="selling">selling</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="distinctive">distinctive</span> <span word="packages">packages</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="facilitate">facilitate</span> <span word="recognition">recognition</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="customer">customer</span> <span word="loyalty">loyalty</span>. <span word="Lard">Lard</span> <span word="Leverhulme">Leverhulme</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="industrialism">industrialism</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="realize">realize</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="advertisements">advertisements</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="contain">contain</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="arguments">arguments</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="eye">eye</span>-<span word="catching">catching</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="witty">witty</span> <span word="slogans">slogans</span>. 4)<span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="contemporary">contemporary</span> <span word="Pears">Pears</span> <span word="soap">soap</span> <span word="ad">ad</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="detail">detail</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="enhance">enhance</span> <span word="marital">marital</span> <span word="bliss">bliss</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="cutting">cutting</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wife">wife</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="arms">arms</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bowl">bowl</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="frothy">frothy</span> <span word="suds">suds</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ad">ad</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Cadbury">Cadbury</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="cocoa">cocoa</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="proclaimed">proclaimed</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="purity">purity</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="detailed">detailed</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span>: <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="infant">infant</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="delight">delight</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="support">support</span>; <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="vigour">vigour</span>;<span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="miss">miss</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="teens">teens</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="aid">aid</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="on">on</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="E">E</span>. <span word="S">S</span>. <span word="Turner">Turner</span> <span word="rightly">rightly</span> <span word="points">points</span> <span word="out">out</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="reached">reached</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="persuasion">persuasion</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="proclamation">proclamation</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="iteration">iteration</span> .5) [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="The">The</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="selling">selling</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="contact">contact</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="customers">customers</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="Indeed">Indeed</span> <span word="advertise">advertise</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bust">bust</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rule">rule</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span> <span word="campaigns">campaigns</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="mounted">mounted</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="advertise">advertise</span>, <span word="were">were</span> <span word="squeezed">squeezed</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="depression">depression</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="lasted">lasted</span> <span word="from">from</span> 1873 <span word="to">to</span> 1894 <span word="marked">marked</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="organization">organization</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="distribution">distribution</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="straightforward">straightforward</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="announcement">announcement</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="communication">communication</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="novelties">novelties</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fringe">fringe</span> <span word="products">products</span>. [<span word="E">E</span>]<span word="Competition">Competition</span> <span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="steadily">steadily</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latter">latter</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="embarked">embarked</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="selling">selling</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="rivals">rivals</span>. [<span word="F">F</span>]<span word="Contemporary">Contemporary</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="display">display</span> <span word="details">details</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="ingredients">ingredients</span>. [<span word="G">G</span>]<span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="advertisers">advertisers</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="copy">copy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="ads">ads</span>. 答案及详解 1.<span word="D">D</span>。工业革命初期的广告主要用于新奇和装饰性的产品与后句中的<span word="national">national</span> <span word="compaigns">compaigns</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="brand">brand</span>-<span word="naming">naming</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>对照，我们可知此时的广告应用还不是很普及，所以选<span word="D">D</span>。 2.<span word="C">C</span>。承上启下句，广告开始发出重要演变 3.<span word="E">E</span>。从后面一家公司通过采取独特的包装方法销售肥皂，而顾客在选择时能轻易辨别出来的实例中可知大公司开始了更强有力的推销手段，所以选<span word="E">E</span> 4.<span word="G">G</span>。第四段论述了大公司如何通过广告以及广告方式提高竞争力，上一句指出<span word="Lard">Lard</span> <span word="leverhulme">leverhulme</span>意识到广告标语吸引眼球与富有情趣的重要性。下一句通过肥皂和可乐的广告词，表明现代的广告越来越重视对产品作用的描述。 5.<span word="B">B</span>。总结全文，做广告已成为现代商业社会的法则，许多负担不起大规模或昂贵广告的公司只有被并购或者逐渐萎缩。 中心思想 本文论述了广告的演变历史，工业革命初期，广告主要用于新奇或装饰性产品，接着大公司开始采取越来越强有力的推销手段。现代社会，广告更是成功决定商家命运的重要竞争力之一。</p>
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