考研英语阅读篇章之肌肉情结
<p> <span word="Should">Should</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="weight">weight</span>? <span word="How">How</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span>? <span word="Am">Am</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="sexy">sexy</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>? 我要不要减肥?我穿这些衣服看起来怎么样?我性感惹火吗? <span word="Sound">Sound</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span>? <span word="Youve">Youve</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="roommates">roommates</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mirror">mirror</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="worry">worry</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="looks">looks</span>. <span word="Men">Men</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="conscious">conscious</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="image">image</span>, <span word="too">too</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="studies">studies</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 50 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="issues">issues</span>. 听上去很耳熟?你可能曾听到闺蜜或舍友照镜子时这样自言自语。然而，关注外表不再只是女性的专利，男士们也越来越注重自己的身材与外形。相关调查显示，超过5千万的美国男性遭遇形体困惑。 <span word="From">From</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="focused">focused</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="issues">issues</span>, <span word="Heather">Heather</span> <span word="Hausenblas">Hausenblas</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Florida">Florida</span> <span word="psychologist">psychologist</span>, <span word="told">told</span> <span word="NBCs">NBCs</span> <span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="website">website</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="thats">thats</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span>. 从历史角度来看，人们更加关注女性的外形，因为在他们眼中，女性更容易遭遇形体方面的困惑，来自弗罗里达大学的心理学家希瑟??奥桑布拉在接受<span word="NBC">NBC</span>《今日秀》网站采访时说道。而事实却并非如此。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> 53 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="insecure">insecure</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="worried">worried</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="health">health</span>, <span word="family">family</span>, <span word="relationships">relationships</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="success">success</span>. 《今日秀》发起的一项调查显示，53%的男性每周至少会对个人形象焦虑一次，比起健康、家庭、爱情或事业成就，他们更担心自己的外表。 <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Psychological">Psychological</span> <span word="Association">Association</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="that">that</span> 25 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="weight">weight</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="underweight">underweight</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="condition">condition</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="muscle">muscle</span> <span word="dysmorphia">dysmorphia</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bigorexia">bigorexia</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="obsessed">obsessed</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="muscular">muscular</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>. 美国心理学会调查显示：具有标准体重的男性中有25%的人认为自己偏瘦。这种状态被称为肌肉上瘾症。这些人痴迷于健身，认为自己的肌肉不够发达。 <span word="Millennial">Millennial</span> <span word="men">men</span>, <span word="those">those</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="after">after</span> 1980, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="depression">depression</span>, <span word="low">low</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="esteem">esteem</span>, <span word="excessive">excessive</span> <span word="exercising">exercising</span>, <span word="misuse">misuse</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="body">body</span>-<span word="enhancing">enhancing</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="steroids">steroids</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="disorders">disorders</span>. 出生在80后的千禧男士尤其容易遭遇此类问题，从而导致抑郁、自卑、运动过度、滥用类固醇等增肌药物以及饮食不规律等状况的发生。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="causing">causing</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="dissatisfaction">dissatisfaction</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="men">men</span>? <span word="The">The</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultural">cultural</span> <span word="expectation">expectation</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="mens">mens</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="portrayed">portrayed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="entertainment">entertainment</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="evolved">evolved</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="unrealistic">unrealistic</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>. <span word="From">From</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span> <span word="covers">covers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="videos">videos</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="movies">movies</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> 300, <span word="men">men</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="constantly">constantly</span> <span word="exposed">exposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="representations">representations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attain">attain</span>. 然而，究竟是什么原因导致男士们对自己身材的不满?答案是：在过去几十年中，娱乐圈所描绘出的完美男性形象，使得人们对于男性身材的期望达到了一种离谱的地步。从杂志封面、音乐录影带、再到《斯巴达300勇士》这样的电影中，男士们常常以一种近乎完美的身材现身，而在现实生活中，要想保持这样的身材几乎是不可能的。 <span word="George">George</span> <span word="Gerbner">Gerbner</span>, <span word="founder">founder</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Cultural">Cultural</span> <span word="Indicators">Indicators</span> <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="Project">Project</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="dean">dean</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="communications">communications</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span>, <span word="told">told</span> <span word="Seed">Seed</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="What">What</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="magazines">magazines</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="standard">standard</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reality">reality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="desire">desire</span>; <span word="failing">failing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="asdeficiency">asdeficiency</span>. 文化指标研究项目创始人、美国宾夕法尼亚大学前院长乔治??葛本纳在接受《<span word="Seed">Seed</span>》杂志采访时表示：我们在电视和杂志上看到的身材最终成为了现实的标准与期望，无法达到这样的身材就被认为是一种缺憾。 <span word="San">San</span> <span word="Francisco">Francisco</span> <span word="State">State</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="psychologist">psychologist</span> <span word="Deborah">Deborah</span> <span word="Schooler">Schooler</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="People">People</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="images">images</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="version">version</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reality">reality</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thats">thats</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="attain">attain</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="how">how</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="body">body</span>? 来自旧金山州立大学的心理学家黛博拉斯谷乐补充道：人们不断地看到千篇一律的健壮身材，从而相信这是真实的。如果那样的身材是真材实料并且可以实现，无法拥有该身材的你怎能不对自己的身材感到沮丧呢? <span word="Writing">Writing</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Huffington">Huffington</span> <span word="Post">Post</span>, <span word="freelance">freelance</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="Kate">Kate</span> <span word="Fridkis">Fridkis</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Marvel">Marvel</span> <span word="Comics">Comics</span> <span word="superhero">superhero</span>: <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Captain">Captain</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="story">story</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="fairly">fairly</span> <span word="cheer">cheer</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slender">slender</span>, <span word="delicate">delicate</span> <span word="hero">hero</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="transformed">transformed</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strapping">strapping</span>, <span word="muscle">muscle</span>-<span word="bound">bound</span> <span word="fighting">fighting</span> <span word="machine">machine</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="hes">hes</span> <span word="jacked">jacked</span>. <span word="Before">Before</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="chance">chance</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="switch">switch</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>. 在发表于《赫芬顿邮报》上的一篇文章中，自由撰稿人凯特弗里迪斯以漫威漫画超级英雄形象为例写道：在《美国队长》丛书中，我们十分乐于看到瘦小柔弱的英雄化身为身材魁梧、肌肉健壮的作战机器。现在他可以拯救世界了，因为他已经全副武装。而之前，他毫无胜算。要想取胜，必须先变成大块头。</p>
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