2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (21)
<p> <span word="With">With</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="people">people</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fascinating">fascinating</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="shapes">shapes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="colors">colors</span>.<span word="As">As</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>，<span word="their">their</span> <span word="adaptations">adaptations</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="diverse">diverse</span> <span word="climate">climate</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="resulted">resulted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="fascinating">fascinating</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="complexions">complexions</span>，<span word="colors">colors</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="shapes">shapes</span>.<span word="Genetic">Genetic</span> <span word="mutations">mutations</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="globe">globe</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="race">race</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="inherited">inherited</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="distinguish">distinguish</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="group">group</span>，<span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reality">reality</span>.<span word="Humans">Humans</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="colors">colors</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="shapes">shapes</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="senses">senses</span>，<span word="however">however</span>，<span word="race">race</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="myth">myth</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="fabrication">fabrication</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="fabrication">fabrication</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="superior">superior</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span>.<span word="All">All</span> <span word="races">races</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="geniusesand">geniusesand</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="idiots">idiots</span>.<span word="Like">Like</span> <span word="language">language</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="superior">superior</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span>.<span word="Adolf">Adolf</span> <span word="Hitlers">Hitlers</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="superior">superior</span> <span word="race">race</span>，<span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Aryans">Aryans</span>，<span word="was">was</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultural">cultural</span> <span word="achievements">achievements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="possessed">possessed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="inherently">inherently</span> <span word="superior">superior</span>.<span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>一<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Statesespoused">Statesespoused</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="superiority">superiority</span>.<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="surprisingly">surprisingly</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="supposedly">supposedly</span> <span word="superior">superior</span> <span word="race">race</span>! <span word="In">In</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="myth">myth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="superiority">superiority</span>，<span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="myththat">myththat</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="apurerace">apurerace</span>.<span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="contemporary">contemporary</span> <span word="biology">biology</span>，<span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mixture">mixture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span>.<span word="that">that</span> <span word="thepureraces">thepureraces</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="exist">exist</span>.<span word="Instead">Instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="falling">falling</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span>，<span word="human">human</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="flow">flow</span> <span word="endlessly">endlessly</span> <span word="together">together</span>.<span word="These">These</span> <span word="minute">minute</span> <span word="gradations">gradations</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="arbitrary">arbitrary</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="definite">definite</span> <span word="lines">lines</span>. <span word="Large">Large</span> <span word="groupings">groupings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span>，<span word="however">however</span>，<span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="classified">classified</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gene">gene</span> <span word="frequencies">frequencies</span>.<span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="arrangement">arrangement</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="uncoverrace">uncoverrace</span>。<span word="Rather">Rather</span>，<span word="such">such</span> <span word="classifications">classifications</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="arbitrary">arbitrary</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="biologists">biologists</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="anthropologists">anthropologists</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="listings">listings</span> <span word="showing">showing</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="ofrace">ofrace</span>。<span word="Ashley">Ashley</span> <span word="Montagu">Montagu</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="anthropologist">anthropologist</span>，<span word="pointed">pointed</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="classified">classified</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="tworaceswhile">tworaceswhile</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span>.<span word="Montagu">Montagu</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="classified">classified</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="fortyracialgroups">fortyracialgroups</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="imply">imply</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="myth">myth</span>.<span word="That">That</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="definitely">definitely</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="alive">alive</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="firmly">firmly</span> <span word="embedded">embedded</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="reality">reality</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="confront">confront</span> <span word="daily">daily</span>.<span word="Sociologist">Sociologist</span> <span word="W">W</span>.<span word="I">I</span>.<span word="Thomas">Thomas</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="thatif">thatif</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="define">define</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="real">real</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="superior">superior</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="biologically">biologically</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="decide">decide</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="classified">classified</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="races">races</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="counts">counts</span>.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="life">life</span>，<span word="rather">rather</span>，<span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="beliefs">beliefs</span>，<span word="not">not</span> <span word="facts">facts</span>.<span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>，<span word="we">we</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Hitler">Hitler</span>.<span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="people">people</span>，<span word="fortunately">fortunately</span>，<span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="extremes">extremes</span>，<span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="ethnocentric">ethnocentric</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span>，<span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>，<span word="that">that</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="superior">superior</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 1.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="inferred">inferred</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="diversification">diversification</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="resulted">resulted</span> <span word="from">from</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="both">both</span> <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="inheritance">inheritance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="influences">influences</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="differentiation">differentiation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="inherited">inherited</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="adaptations">adaptations</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="diverse">diverse</span> <span word="climate">climate</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="mutations">mutations</span> <span word="alone">alone</span> 2.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="wordfabricationprobably">wordfabricationprobably</span> <span word="means">means</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="mystery">mystery</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="invention">invention</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="exaggeration">exaggeration</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="perspective">perspective</span> 3.<span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="nopurerace">nopurerace</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="races">races</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="married">married</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="types">types</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="overlap">overlap</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="races">races</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>. 4.<span word="Any">Any</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="classifying">classifying</span> <span word="races">races</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="is">is</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="arbitrary">arbitrary</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="is">is</span> <span word="bound">bound</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="biased">biased</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="tends">tends</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pick">pick</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="race">race</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="superior">superior</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="account">account</span> 5.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="concludes">concludes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="pointing">pointing</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="that">that</span> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="classify">classify</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="guard">guard</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="superiority">superiority</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="race">race</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mystery">mystery</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="explored">explored</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="uncovered">uncovered</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="classified">classified</span> 1.[<span word="A">A</span>]第一段第二句强调了环境因素的影响，第三句提到了基因变异的作用。 2.[<span word="B">B</span>]该词此处意为：臆造，捏造。 3.[<span word="C">C</span>]根据第三、第四段，不存在纯的种族，这是因为人的身体特征是无法划归清楚的，任何想划一个清晰界限的做法都会证明是武断的。第四段还谈到不同的研究者对种族分类的多寡，这也是为了证明难以做到对种族进行清晰的分类。 4.[<span word="A">A</span>] 意为：至多是武断的。参阅第四段，尤其是该段第三句。 5.[<span word="B">B</span>]最后一段作者指出种族歧视存在的现实性。人们的错误观念与现实一样可怕，因此我们应该和反对种族歧视的做法一样防止种族歧视思想的产生。</p>
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