2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (19)
<p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sexual">sexual</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="documented">documented</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="policymakers">policymakers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="sensitive">sensitive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plight">plight</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="doubly">doubly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="victim">victim</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span>.<span word="That">That</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="whites">whites</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="blacks">blacks</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clear">clear</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="solely">solely</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="employment">employment</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span>，<span word="so">so</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="economics">economics</span> <span word="dictates">dictates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="incomes">incomes</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="differ">differ</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="obtain">obtain</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="adjust">adjust</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gross">gross</span> <span word="black">black</span>/<span word="white">white</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="ratio">ratio</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>.<span word="White">White</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="educational">educational</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="receive">receive</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="incomes">incomes</span>.<span word="Moreover">Moreover</span>，<span word="State">State</span> <span word="distribution">distribution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="residence">residence</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="blacks">blacks</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="overrepresented">overrepresented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="South">South</span>，<span word="where">where</span> <span word="wage">wage</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="differentials">differentials</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="greater">greater</span>.<span word="Also">Also</span>，<span word="blacks">blacks</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="over">over</span>-<span word="represented">represented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="incomes">incomes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="blacks">blacks</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="blacks">blacks</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="distributed">distributed</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="sizes">sizes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="manner">manner</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="whites">whites</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="standardization">standardization</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="between">between</span> 108 <span word="and">and</span> 125 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="women">women</span>.<span word="This">This</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="actual">actual</span> <span word="white">white</span>/<span word="black">black</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="differential">differential</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span>.<span word="Despite">Despite</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="education">education</span>，<span word="white">white</span> <span word="womens">womens</span> <span word="actual">actual</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> 2 <span word="to">to</span> 5 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="North">North</span>.<span word="Unlike">Unlike</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="men">men</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="or">or</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="than">than</span>，<span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whites">whites</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="North">North</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="whole">whole</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="hypotheses">hypotheses</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adjustment">adjustment</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="differential">differential</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span>.<span word="First">First</span>，<span word="there">there</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="women">women</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="occupational">occupational</span> <span word="structures">structures</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="indication">indication</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span>.<span word="Second">Second</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="consistent">consistent</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hypothesis">hypothesis</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="intensity">intensity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="differs">differs</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="whites">whites</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="blacks">blacks</span>.<span word="Therefore">Therefore</span>，<span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="adds">adds</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span>.<span word="These">These</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="suffer">suffer</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>.<span word="Rather">Rather</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sexual">sexual</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="pervasive">pervasive</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="negligible">negligible</span>. 1.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="primary">primary</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="differentials">differentials</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="sexual">sexual</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="explore">explore</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earning">earning</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="sketch">sketch</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sexual">sexual</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="market">market</span> 2.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="is">is</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="men">men</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="men">men</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> 3.<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="describes">describes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="hypotheses">hypotheses</span> <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fourth">fourth</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="They">They</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="differential">differential</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="contradictory">contradictory</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="correct">correct</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="incorrect">incorrect</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="independent">independent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="establish">establish</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="them">them</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="The">The</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="hypotheses">hypotheses</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="logically">logically</span> <span word="connected">connected</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="proving">proving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span>. 4.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="hypothesis">hypothesis</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="correct">correct</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="lessening">lessening</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> ____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="white">white</span>/<span word="black">black</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="ratio">ratio</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="white">white</span>/<span word="black">black</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="ratio">ratio</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="female">female</span>/<span word="male">male</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="ratio">ratio</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span> 5.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sexual">sexual</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="apology">apology</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="concern">concern</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="indifference">indifference</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="indignation">indignation</span> 1.[<span word="B">B</span>] 文章最后一段是作者的结论，这段提到两个假设，一是对男性黑人的歧视可能比对女性黑人的歧视更严重;二是对妇女的歧视在黑人和白人之间没有多大区别。因此作者的结论是：就黑人妇女而言，种族歧视并没有使性别歧视加重黑人妇女并没有受双重歧视，由于对任何种族的妇女的歧视占主导地位，种族歧视的影响几乎可以忽略不计了。 2.[<span word="A">A</span>] 最后一段提到，有数据显示支持如下假设：对妇女的歧视在白人和黑人之间差别不大，因此，种族歧视在性别歧视之外几乎没有再添加影响。这些发现表明：在劳动力市场上，黑人妇女不一定比白人妇女遭受更多的歧视，更确切地说，对妇女来说，性别歧视是如此广泛存在，以至于种族歧视的影响可以忽略不计。 3.[<span word="A">A</span>] 参阅第1题题解。 4.[<span word="A">A</span>] 参阅第1题题解。 5.[<span word="B">B</span>] 意为：关注。作者对黑人妇女在就业上可能存在的受歧视现象进行了实事求是的分析，并借助于数据进行了说明。作者的目的当然是找出根本原因，以便切实解决问题。从这个角度来看，作者对黑人妇女在工作中的地位是关心的。</p>
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