2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (4)
<p> <span word="Advertisers">Advertisers</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="theyre">theyre</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="criticism">criticism</span>. <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="critics">critics</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="resent">resent</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flair">flair</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="promotion">promotion</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="throw">throw</span> <span word="around">around</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="iniquitous">iniquitous</span>， <span word="they">they</span> <span word="say">say</span>， <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="entirely">entirely</span> <span word="unproductive">unproductive</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="absorb">absorb</span> <span word="millions">millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pounds">pounds</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="making">making</span>. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="goods">goods</span>? <span word="After">After</span> <span word="all">all</span>， <span word="its">its</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="consumer">consumer</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="pays">pays</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="consumer">consumer</span>! <span word="Hed">Hed</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="markets">markets</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="products">products</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="precisely">precisely</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="consumer">consumer</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="goods">goods</span>. <span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inform">inform</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="household">household</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="derives">derives</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="advertisements">advertisements</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="read">read</span>. <span word="Advertisements">Advertisements</span> <span word="introduce">introduce</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="remind">remind</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="about">about</span>. <span word="Supposing">Supposing</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="washing">washing</span> <span word="machine">machine</span>， <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="obtain">obtain</span> <span word="details">details</span> <span word="regarding">regarding</span> <span word="performance">performance</span>， <span word="price">price</span>， <span word="etc">etc</span>.， <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="advertisement">advertisement</span>. <span word="Lots">Lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="pretend">pretend</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="advertisements">advertisements</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="claim">claim</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="doubted">doubted</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="advertisements">advertisements</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="days">days</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="fun">fun</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="are">are</span>， <span word="too">too</span>! <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="railway">railway</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="advertisements">advertisements</span>. <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="gazing">gazing</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blank">blank</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="railway">railway</span> <span word="byelaws">byelaws</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="train">train</span>? <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="closely">closely</span> <span word="printed">printed</span> <span word="columns">columns</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>? <span word="A">A</span> <span word="cheerful">cheerful</span>， <span word="witty">witty</span> <span word="advertisement">advertisement</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drab">drab</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="ration">ration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="calamities">calamities</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="forget">forget</span>， <span word="either">either</span>， <span word="that">that</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="contribution">contribution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="pockets">pockets</span>. <span word="Newspapers">Newspapers</span>， <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="radio">radio</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="subsist">subsist</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="revenue">revenue</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>， <span word="or">or</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="broadcast">broadcast</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="entirely">entirely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="advertisers">advertisers</span>. <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="price">price</span>! <span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="mustnt">mustnt</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="ads">ads</span>. <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="virtually">virtually</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tremendously">tremendously</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="service">service</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="perform">perform</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="community">community</span>! <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="accomplished">accomplished</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="columns">columns</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>， <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span>， <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="house">house</span>， <span word="announce">announce</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="birth">birth</span>， <span word="marriage">marriage</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hatch">hatch</span>， <span word="match">match</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dispatch">dispatch</span> <span word="column">column</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="fascinating">fascinating</span> <span word="section">section</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="agony">agony</span> <span word="column">column</span>. <span word="No">No</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="item">item</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="entertaining">entertaining</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="insight">insight</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="advertisement">advertisement</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span>! 1.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Advertisement">Advertisement</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="advertisement">advertisement</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Advertisers">Advertisers</span> <span word="perform">perform</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="service">service</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="communities">communities</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="advertisement">advertisement</span>. 2.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="advertisers">advertisers</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="appreciative">appreciative</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="trustworthy">trustworthy</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="critical">critical</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="dissatisfactory">dissatisfactory</span>. 3.<span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="critics">critics</span> <span word="criticize">criticize</span> <span word="advertisers">advertisers</span>? <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="advertisers">advertisers</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="brag">brag</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="critics">critics</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="advertisement">advertisement</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span>。 <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="encouraged">encouraged</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="more">more</span>. 4.<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="True">True</span>? <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Advertisement">Advertisement</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="contribution">contribution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="pockets">pockets</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="everything">everything</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="want">want</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Good">Good</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="advertised">advertised</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Advertisement">Advertisement</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="colorful">colorful</span>. 5.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Narration">Narration</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Description">Description</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Criticism">Criticism</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Argumentation">Argumentation</span>. <span word="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</span> 1.<span word="come">come</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="for">for</span> 是某事物的对象，吸引，获得 2.<span word="flair">flair</span> 天资，天分 3.<span word="iniquitous">iniquitous</span> 极邪恶的，极不公正的 4.<span word="drab">drab</span> 单调的，乏味的 5.<span word="subsist">subsist</span> 活下去，生存下去，维持下去 6.<span word="hatch">hatch</span> 孵化 7.<span word="match">match</span> 匹配，婚姻 8.<span word="dispatch">dispatch</span> 派遣，发送 9.<span word="agony">agony</span> 极大痛苦，煎熬 10.<span word="agony">agony</span> <span word="column">column</span> 读者来信专栏 难句译注 1.<span word="Advertisers">Advertisers</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="theyre">theyre</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="criticism">criticism</span>. 【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃，也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。 2.<span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="critics">critics</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="resent">resent</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flair">flair</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="promotion">promotion</span>. 【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高/标榜上很有天分。 3.<span word="No">No</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="item">item</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="entertaining">entertaining</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="insight">insight</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>. 【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。 4.<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="advertisement">advertisement</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span>. 【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。 写作方法与文章大意 文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞;然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。 答案详解 1.<span word="C">C</span>. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。 第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。 第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱! 最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。 <span word="A">A</span>. 广告。太笼统。<span word="B">B</span>. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。<span word="D">D</span>. 广告费用。 2.<span word="A">A</span>. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是<span word="A">A</span>项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了<span word="A">A</span>项对。 <span word="B">B</span>. 值得信任。 <span word="C">C</span>. 批评。 <span word="D">D</span>. 不满意。 3.<span word="A">A</span>. 因为广告商常常爱吹，见难句译注1. <span word="B">B</span>. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 <span word="C">C</span>. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 <span word="D">D</span>. 因为消费者支付更多。 4.<span word="C">C</span>. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。 <span word="A">A</span>. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 <span word="B">B</span>. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 <span word="D">D</span>. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。 5.<span word="C">C</span>. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。 <span word="A">A</span>. 叙事。<span word="B">B</span>. 描写。 <span word="D">D</span>. 议论。</p>
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