2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (8)
<p> <span word="When">When</span> <span word="Gina">Gina</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Brian">Brian</span> <span word="Duplisea">Duplisea</span> <span word="adopted">adopted</span> 4-<span word="month">month</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="Andres">Andres</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Colombia">Colombia</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="month">month</span>， <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span>. <span word="Six">Six</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>， <span word="after">after</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span>， <span word="Melina">Melina</span>， <span word="was">was</span> <span word="born">born</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="scraped">scraped</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Duplisea">Duplisea</span> <span word="s">s</span> $36，000 <span word="salary">salary</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="construction">construction</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span>， <span word="a">a</span> <span word="special">special</span>-<span word="education">education</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>， <span word="could">could</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="home">home</span>. <span word="Now">Now</span>， <span word="since">since</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="furnishes">furnishes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span>， <span word="she">she</span> <span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="head">head</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="fall">fall</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="Duplisea">Duplisea</span> <span word="juggles">juggles</span> <span word="diapers">diapers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> <span word="bottles">bottles</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="boss">boss</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="offbut">offbut</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="forgo">forgo</span> <span word="his">his</span> $18-<span word="an">an</span>-<span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="pay">pay</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="easy">easy</span>. <span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="s">s</span> $40，000 <span word="salary">salary</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="mortgage">mortgage</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="freeze">freeze</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="retirement">retirement</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span>， <span word="scale">scale</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Melina">Melina</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="after">after</span>-<span word="school">school</span> <span word="activitiesand">activitiesand</span> <span word="pray">pray</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="cushion">cushion</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="security">security</span>， <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span>. <span word="Things">Things</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="tight">tight</span>. <span word="The">The</span> 1993 <span word="Family">Family</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Leave">Leave</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="s">s</span>， <span word="offering">offering</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="net">net</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="nurture">nurture</span> <span word="newborns">newborns</span>， <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="illnesses">illnesses</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sick">sick</span> <span word="relatives">relatives</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="guarantees">guarantees</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>， <span word="it">it</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="paychecks">paychecks</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="while">while</span> 24 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="leaves">leaves</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1999， 2.7 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span>， <span word="but">but</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="afford">afford</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span> <span word="demands">demands</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="voters">voters</span>， <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 25 <span word="states">states</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="exploring">exploring</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="possibility">possibility</span>： <span word="tapping">tapping</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="disability">disability</span> <span word="funds">funds</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="handful">handful</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="statesNew">statesNew</span> <span word="York">York</span>， <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Jersey">Jersey</span>， <span word="California">California</span>， <span word="Rhode">Rhode</span> <span word="Island">Island</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Hawaiialready">Hawaiialready</span> <span word="dip">dip</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="disability">disability</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="partial">partial</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="maternity">maternity</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="dads">dads</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="caring">caring</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="elderly">elderly</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>. <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Jersey">Jersey</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="expand">expand</span> <span word="disability">disability</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="fathers">fathers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="caretakers">caretakers</span>. <span word="Thirteen">Thirteen</span> <span word="states">states</span>， <span word="including">including</span> <span word="Arizona">Arizona</span>， <span word="Illinois">Illinois</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Florida">Florida</span>， <span word="have">have</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>. <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="creative">creative</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="acting">acting</span> <span word="governor">governor</span>， <span word="Jane">Jane</span> <span word="Swift">Swift</span>， <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="twin">twin</span> <span word="daughters">daughters</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="May">May</span>， <span word="she">she</span> <span word="drew">drew</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="maternity">maternity</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>： <span word="she">she</span> <span word="telecommuted">telecommuted</span> <span word="part">part</span>-<span word="time">time</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="earned">earned</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="full">full</span>-<span word="time">time</span> <span word="salary">salary</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="Swift">Swift</span> <span word="returned">returned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="Senate">Senate</span> <span word="unanimously">unanimously</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pilot">pilot</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="surplus">surplus</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="health">health</span>-<span word="insurance">insurance</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unemployed">unemployed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> 12 <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="pay">pay</span>. <span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>， <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="House">House</span>， <span word="would">would</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="kick">kick</span> <span word="in">in</span> $20 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Families">Families</span> <span word="Trust">Trust</span> <span word="Fund">Fund</span>. <span word="Businesses">Businesses</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="credits">credits</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="return">return</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="Swift">Swift</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="announce">announce</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="paid">paid</span>-<span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="lower">lower</span>-<span word="income">income</span> <span word="mothers">mothers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fathers">fathers</span>. <span word="Polls">Polls</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="supportanother">supportanother</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="Swift">Swift</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="politicians">politicians</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="embraced">embraced</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issue">issue</span>. <span word="Still">Still</span>， <span word="not">not</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="wild">wild</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="parentsthe">parentsthe</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="plansshould">plansshould</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="perks">perks</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="Business">Business</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="resistant">resistant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="proposals">proposals</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="raid">raid</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="funds">funds</span>; <span word="several">several</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="filed">filed</span> <span word="suit">suit</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="block">block</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="slows">slows</span>， <span word="many">many</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="afford">afford</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="either">either</span>. <span word="Business">Business</span> <span word="lobbyists">lobbyists</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="abuse">abuse</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="federal">federal</span> <span word="family">family</span>-<span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="dubious">dubious</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tiny">tiny</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="increments">increments</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="laws">laws</span>， <span word="they">they</span> <span word="say">say</span>， <span word="would">would</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="matters">matters</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Duplisea">Duplisea</span>， <span word="though">though</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difference">difference</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="Melina">Melina</span> <span word="fixes">fixes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="peanut">peanut</span>-<span word="butter">butter</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="jelly">jelly</span> <span word="sandwich">sandwich</span>， <span word="Duplisea">Duplisea</span> <span word="hugs">hugs</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="snoozing">snoozing</span> <span word="Andres">Andres</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="T">T</span> <span word="shirt">shirt</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="re">re</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="kids">kids</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sacrifice">sacrifice</span>， <span word="Duplisea">Duplisea</span> <span word="says">says</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="plenty">plenty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="states">states</span>， <span word="help">help</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span>. 1. <span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>， <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="that">that</span> __________________. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Duplisea">Duplisea</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comfortable">comfortable</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="life">life</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="Dupliseas">Dupliseas</span> <span word="boss">boss</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="considerate">considerate</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="job">job</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="The">The</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sacrifices">sacrifices</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="children">children</span>. 2. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="cushion">cushion</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="security">security</span>， <span word="she">she</span> <span word="means">means</span> _____________________. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="it">it</span> <span word="exhausts">exhausts</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="savings">savings</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="it">it</span> <span word="plunges">plunges</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="it">it</span> <span word="deprives">deprives</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="it">it</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="insecure">insecure</span> 3. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span>， <span word="she">she</span> <span word="will">will</span> ___________________. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="have">have</span> 12 <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="telecommute">telecommute</span> <span word="part">part</span>-<span word="time">time</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="full">full</span>-<span word="time">time</span> <span word="salary">salary</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="kids">kids</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="get">get</span> $20 <span word="from">from</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="employer">employer</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> 4. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="perk">perk</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="means">means</span> _______________. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="grant">grant</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="policy">policy</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="encouragement">encouragement</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="reward">reward</span> 5. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> _________________. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="opposition">opposition</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="suspicion">suspicion</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="approval">approval</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="indifference">indifference</span> 答案：<span word="DBAAC">DBAAC</span> 篇章剖析 本文为说明文，主要介绍带薪请假政策的起因，制定和实施情况，以及所面临的问题和反对意见。文章首先以加罗一家的经历说明停薪请假的人所面临的经济困难。然后在第二，第三段介绍了一下各州针对这一问题的解决方案。第四段介绍了反对者的态度和看法，最后一段再次以加罗一家的情况来说明带薪请假政策可能带来的积极变化，并且呼应了文章开头部分，以此作为结尾，使得全文层次分明，结构完整。 词汇注释 <span word="scrape">scrape</span> <span word="v">v</span>. 勉强维持生计;勉强通过 <span word="furnish">furnish</span> <span word="v">v</span>. 供应， 提供 <span word="juggle">juggle</span> <span word="v">v</span>. 耍，弄 <span word="diaper">diaper</span> <span word="n">n</span>. 尿布 <span word="forgo">forgo</span> <span word="v">v</span>. 抛弃;放弃 <span word="cushion">cushion</span> <span word="n">n</span>. 缓冲，减轻或缓和不利后果的东西： <span word="tap">tap</span> <span word="v">v</span>. 开发;利用 <span word="maternity">maternity</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>. 母性的，初为人母的孕妇的;适合于孕妇的，生小孩或成为母亲的第一个月的 <span word="telecommute">telecommute</span> <span word="v">v</span>. 远距离工作 <span word="pilot">pilot</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> 试点方案 <span word="kick">kick</span> <span word="in">in</span> 参与提供资金和其他帮助的活动中去 <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> 税金免除 <span word="perk">perk</span> <span word="n">n</span>. 额外津贴 <span word="raid">raid</span> <span word="v">v</span>. 侵吞 <span word="lobbyist">lobbyist</span> <span word="n">n</span>. 院外活动集团成员;说客 <span word="increment">increment</span> <span word="n">n</span>. 增加， 增量 难句突破 1.<span word="The">The</span> 1993 <span word="Family">Family</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Leave">Leave</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Garro">Garro</span> <span word="s">s</span>， <span word="offering">offering</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="net">net</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="nurture">nurture</span> <span word="newborns">newborns</span>， <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="illnesses">illnesses</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sick">sick</span> <span word="relatives">relatives</span>. 主体句式：<span word="The">The</span> 1993 <span word="Family">Family</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Leave">Leave</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> 结构分析：本句是一个复杂句，既包括从句，也包括分词结构。<span word="be">be</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="something">something</span> 表示应该做某事，通常强调义务，责任等。<span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="net">net</span> 原义是防止坠落受伤的安全网，在此引申为安全保障。 句子译文：1993年颁布的《家庭医疗休假法》本来应该帮助像加罗这样的家庭，为那些请假照顾新生儿，治疗重病或者照顾患病亲人的员工提供一个安全保障。 题目分析 1. 答案为<span word="D">D</span>，属事实细节题。见第一段。为了照顾两个孩子，这一对夫妇俩做出了许多选择。这些选择大都意味着做出一定牺牲，比如请假在家照顾孩子，收入减少，冻结养老金帐户，减少孩子课外活动开支等。 2. 答案为<span word="B">B</span>，属判断推理题。 从第一段列举的事实来看，加罗夫妇不得不冻结养老金帐号，减少梅丽娜的课后活动开支还要祷告汽车别出问题。可见请假照顾孩子给他们带来了严重的经济问题。答案<span word="B">B</span>正确。 3. 答案为<span word="A">A</span>，属事实细节题。内容涉及马萨诸塞州最近通过的一项议案。原文参照第三段第五行。 4. 答案为<span word="A">A</span>，属猜词题。从第二，第三段的内容来看，各州政府试图动用各种基金对请假照料新生婴儿的父母进行经济上的帮助，因此<span word="A">A</span>项在意义上最符合。 5. 答案是<span word="C">C</span>，属推理判断题。本文重点说明了停薪请假人所面临的经济困难，以及各州的解决方案。并在最后一段说明带薪请假政策可能带来的积极变化。从材料的选择来看，作者对于带薪请假政策持积极的态度，所以答案<span word="C">C</span>正确。 原文翻译 上个月，吉纳。加罗和布莱恩。杜普里希从哥伦比亚收养四个月大的安德烈时，这对夫妇决定请假照顾他。六年前，他们的女儿梅丽娜出生后，这家人靠着杜普里希作建筑工人每年36，000美元的薪水勉强度日，这样，从事特殊教育教学的加罗就可以呆在家里照顾孩子。如今，因为加罗的工作能够为家庭提供医疗健康保险，她将在今年秋季回去工作，而让杜普里希摆弄那些尿片和婴儿奶瓶。他的老板同意他请假但他必须为此放弃十八美元一小时的报酬。这可有些让这个家庭犯难。虽然加罗40，000美元的年薪可以支付他们的抵押贷款，但夫妇俩却不得不冻结他们的退休帐户，减少梅丽娜的课后活动开支还要祷告汽车别出问题。我们不再后顾无忧，加罗说道：生活会变得很拮据。 1993年颁布的《家庭医疗休假法》本来应该帮助像加罗这样的家庭，为那些请假照顾新生儿，治疗重病或者照顾患病亲人的员工提供一个安全保障。可是，法律虽然可以保证这些员工不至于丢掉工作，却不能支付他们的薪水。去年的一项调查显示，虽然从 1999年以来有4000万美国人请假，但还有270万想要请假，却承受不起请假带来的损失。要不了多久这种情况就会改变。目前至少有25个州正在探索提供带薪休假的新途径，以回应选民日益增加的要求。一种可能就是利用州伤病基金。一些州纽约州，新泽西，加利福尼亚，罗德岛和夏威夷已经动用伤病基金为请孕产假的妇女提供部分工资。但这种举措并不能帮助那些做父亲的人和照料年迈父母的人。新泽西州和纽约州也许不久就会扩大伤病基金计划的覆盖面，让那些请假照料孩子的父亲们和其他照料伤病亲属的人都能从中受益。包括亚利桑那州，伊利诺伊州和佛罗里达州在内的十三个州已经提议动用失业基金来支付请假工资。 马萨诸塞州的举措尤具创意。当该州的代理州长，简。斯威夫特五月生下一对双胞胎女儿的时候，她以自己请产假的方式引起人们对这一问题的关注。她在家通过电脑终端远程工作，做的是兼职工作，拿的却是全职的薪水。在她上周重返工作岗位之前，州参议院就一致通过了一项试点方案，允许动用失业人员医疗保险计划的剩余基金，让刚生了孩子的父母可以拿一半工资，请假12周。众议院提议的另外一项计划则要求雇主为每个员工增加20美元工资，以便设立一个新家庭信托基金。作为回报，商业企业可以获得税金免除。这一周，预计斯威夫特将宣布她本人针对低收入母亲和父亲提出的带薪请假计划。民意测验显示了广泛的公众支持这是斯威夫特和其他国内政治家乐意解决这一问题的另外一个原因。 不过，并不是所有人都热衷这种想法。一些没有子女的人质疑为什么刚生了孩子的父母他们是许多提案当中第一批获得带薪请假待遇的人得到的政府补贴比他们的多。商业机构抵制动用失业基金的提案;一些机构甚至已经提起诉讼以阻止这些提案获得通过。随着经济发展的减速，许多公司也说他们无力为提议中的福利基金提供资金。商业企业的院外游说成员说有太多的员工已经滥用现有的联邦家庭医疗休假法，以许多可疑的借口请假，或者拖延一点请假时间。他们认为该法律提案只会使情况变得更糟。 不过，对于加罗和杜普里希来说，新的法律会使他们的境况大为不同。梅丽娜准备一块花生-黄油- 果冻三明治的时候，杜普里希把怀中打盹的安德烈抱在胸前。我们正在努力为两个孩子创造好的条件，所以不得不做出牺牲，杜普里希说。在马塞诸塞州和其他许多州，也许很快人们就会得到这样的帮助。</p>
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