2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (17)
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="general">general</span>，<span word="our">our</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="giant">giant</span> <span word="enterprises">enterprises</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bureaucratic">bureaucratic</span> <span word="management">management</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="we">we</span>1<span word="l">l</span>-<span word="oiled">oiled</span> <span word="cog">cog</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="oiling">oiling</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="wages">wages</span>，<span word="well">well</span>-<span word="ventilated">ventilated</span> <span word="factories">factories</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="piped">piped</span> <span word="music">music</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="andhuman">andhuman</span> <span word="relationsexperts">relationsexperts</span>;<span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="oiling">oiling</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="alter">alter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="powerless">powerless</span>，<span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="bored">bored</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="it">it</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>-<span word="collar">collar</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="white">white</span>-<span word="collar">collar</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="puppets">puppets</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="dance">dance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tune">tune</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="automated">automated</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bureaucratic">bureaucratic</span> <span word="management">management</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="anxious">anxious</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="anxious">anxious</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="unable">unable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="acquire">acquire</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="satisfaction">satisfaction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="confronted">confronted</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fundamental">fundamental</span> <span word="realities">realities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="emotionally">emotionally</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="intellectually">intellectually</span> <span word="independent">independent</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="beings">beings</span>. <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="anxious">anxious</span>.<span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="empty">empty</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="subordinates">subordinates</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="insecure">insecure</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="respects">respects</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="race">race</span>.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="promoted">promoted</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fall">fall</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="salary">salary</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="respect">respect</span>.<span word="When">When</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="apply">apply</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="job">job</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="mixture">mixture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="submissiveness">submissiveness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="independence">independence</span>.<span word="From">From</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="testing">testing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="business">business</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="superiors">superiors</span>，<span word="who">who</span> <span word="judge">judge</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>，<span word="sociability">sociability</span>，<span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="along">along</span>，<span word="etc">etc</span>.<span word="This">This</span> <span word="constant">constant</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="fellow">fellow</span> <span word="competitor">competitor</span> <span word="creates">creates</span> <span word="constant">constant</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="stress">stress</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unhappiness">unhappiness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="illness">illness</span>. <span word="Am">Am</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="suggesting">suggesting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="return">return</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pre">pre</span>-<span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="mode">mode</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="centuryfree">centuryfree</span> <span word="enterprisecapitalism">enterprisecapitalism</span>? <span word="Certainly">Certainly</span> <span word="not">not</span>.<span word="Problems">Problems</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="solved">solved</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="returning">returning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="outgrown">outgrown</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="transforming">transforming</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bureaucratically">bureaucratically</span> <span word="managed">managed</span> <span word="industrialism">industrialism</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="maximal">maximal</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="ends">ends</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="humanist">humanist</span> <span word="industrialism">industrialism</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="potentialitiesthose">potentialitiesthose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reasonare">reasonare</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="aims">aims</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="arrangements">arrangements</span>.<span word="Production">Production</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="serve">serve</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="end">end</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="prevented">prevented</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="ruling">ruling</span> <span word="man">man</span>. 1.<span word="Bya">Bya</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="oiled">oiled</span> <span word="cog">cog</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="machinerythe">machinerythe</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="intends">intends</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="render">render</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="is">is</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="a">a</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="negligible">negligible</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unimportant">unimportant</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="comparison">comparison</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="society">society</span>，<span word="though">though</span> <span word="functioning">functioning</span> <span word="smoothly">smoothly</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="working">working</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="harmony">harmony</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="society">society</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="a">a</span> <span word="humble">humble</span> <span word="component">component</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="society">society</span>，<span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="smoothly">smoothly</span> 2.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="deprived">deprived</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="individuality">individuality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="independence">independence</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="genuine">genuine</span> <span word="satisfaction">satisfaction</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="faced">faced</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fundamental">fundamental</span> <span word="realities">realities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> 3.<span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="happiness">happiness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="belongs">belongs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="those">those</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottom">bottom</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="society">society</span> [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="status">status</span> [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="who">who</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="world">world</span> [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="who">who</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="fellow">fellow</span> <span word="competitors">competitors</span> 4.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="solve">solve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="resort">resort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="mode">mode</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="ancestors">ancestors</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="wages">wages</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="enable">enable</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fully">fully</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="potentialities">potentialities</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fundamental">fundamental</span> <span word="realities">realities</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="granted">granted</span> 5.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="industrialism">industrialism</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="summarized">summarized</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span>____. [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="approval">approval</span> [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="tolerance">tolerance</span> [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="suspicion">suspicion</span> [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="dissatisfaction">dissatisfaction</span> 核心词汇 <span word="ventilate">ventilate</span> <span word="Vt">Vt</span>使通风 <span word="bore">bore</span> <span word="v">v</span>.使厌烦 <span word="puppet">puppet</span>，<span word="n">n</span>.傀儡 <span word="tunen">tunen</span>.曲调，调子 <span word="acquire">acquire</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>获得，学到 <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="n">n</span>.存在 <span word="mode">mode</span> <span word="n">n</span>.方式，模式 难句点津 1.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="general">general</span>，<span word="our">our</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="giant">giant</span> <span word="enterprises">enterprises</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="bv">bv</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bureaucratic">bureaucratic</span> <span word="lmanagement">lmanagement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="welloiled">welloiled</span> <span word="cog">cog</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span>. [点津]句子的主干是<span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="societyisbecoming">societyisbecoming</span> <span word="oneofthe">oneofthe</span> <span word="giant">giant</span> <span word="enterprises">enterprises</span>，<span word="directedby">directedby</span>之后的内容是修饰<span word="enterprises">enterprises</span>的定语，<span word="which">which</span>引导一个定语从句修饰 <span word="enterprises">enterprises</span> 2.<span word="From">From</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="testing">testing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="business">business</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="superiors">superiors</span>，<span word="who">who</span> <span word="judge">judge</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>，<span word="sociability">sociability</span>，<span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="along">along</span>.<span word="etc">etc</span>. [点津]句子的主干是<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="superiors">superiors</span>，其中<span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> 和<span word="superiors">superiors</span>都带有自己的定语从句。 总的来说，我们的社会变成了一个官僚化管理的大型企业，其中的所有人都成了这台机器中润滑良好的小齿轮。高工资、通风良好的厂房和有线广播的音乐用于润滑，心理学家和人际关系专家也用于润滑。然而所有这些润滑油都没能改变这一事实，即人类已经变得无能为力并厌倦了润滑油。实际上，蓝领和白领阶层都变成了经济傀儡，随着自动化机器和官僚化管理的步调而起舞。 工人和雇员的焦虑不仅是由于他们可能会失业，还由于他们无法获得生活的真正乐趣。终其一生，他们从未作为情感和理智上独立的、富有创造性的人来面对生存的本质。那些处于社会高层的人同样焦虑，他们的生活和那些社会地位低于他们的人同样空洞，甚至在某些方面更缺乏安全感。他们处在异常激烈的竞争中。得到晋升还是落后于人，不是薪水的问题，更多的是自尊的问题。他们在申请第一份工作时，就接受了智商测试，以及对是否兼有适当的服从和独立的素质所进行的考查。从那以后，他们不断地被心理学家测试，对那些心理学家来说测试是一笔大生意;他们还不断接受上司的测试，以评判他们的行为、社交能力、与人相处的能力等。他们需要不断地证明自己和同事一样优秀，或比同事更优秀，这造成了持久的忧虑和压力，而忧虑和压力是苦恼和疾病的根源。 我是在建议我们应该回到前工业社会的生产模式或19世纪自由企业的资本主义吗?当然不是。回到逝去的时代永远不能解决问题。我建议将社会体系由官僚化管理的工业制度转换到人道主义的工业制度，前者以最大化的生产和消费为最终目的，而后者的社会目的则是人及其潜能的全面发展。生产和消费只是实现该目的的手段，而不能让它们统治人类。 答案解析 1.<span word="B">B</span> 推断题。文章第一段指出，人成了社会大机器中微小的、润滑良好的齿轮，高工资和通风良好的厂房便是润滑油，但事实上人是无能为力的，蓝领工人和白领阶层都是毫无自主权的经济傀儡。由此推断，虽然工作生活条件不错，但人在社会中却是无足轻重的，故选<span word="B">B</span>. 2.<span word="A">A</span> 推断题。文章第二段点明了工人和雇员忧虑的原因，分析上下文可知，其真正原因是情感与理智上独立的、富有创造性的个人生存状态被忽视，故选<span word="A">A</span>.选项<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="D">D</span>只是部分原因，不全面;<span word="C">C</span>项与文章内容相悖。 3.<span word="C">C</span> 推断题。由文章可知，社会底层者、社会上层者和竞争中的胜利者都无法脱离充满竞争的生存环境，因而都生活在各种各样的忧虑与压力之中，所以都无幸福可言，只有远离这个充满竞争的社会的人才可能获得幸福，故选<span word="C">C</span>. 4.<span word="C">C</span> 推断题。文章最后一段给出了解决现有社会问题的建议，即改革现有的工业制度，在新的工业制度中，人及其自身潜能的全面发展将是社会的目标，故选<span word="C">C</span>.<span word="A">A</span>项是作者在最后一段中表明不同意的观点，应排除;<span word="B">B</span>项是维持工业制度正常运转的手段之一，而不是解决社会问题的建议，应排除;<span word="D">D</span>项与原文不符，也应排除。 5.<span word="D">D</span> 态度题。文章最后一段提到，作者建议将社会体系由官僚政治管理的工业制度过渡到人道主义的工业制度，由此可知，作者对现有工业制度的态度是不满的，故选<span word="D">D</span>.<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span>都与原文不符。</p>
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