2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (7)
<p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="appealing">appealing</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="technologies">technologies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="competition">competition</span>，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="climb">climb</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span>.<span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="invest">invest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sparkle">sparkle</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>.<span word="How">How</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="promotion">promotion</span>? <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="bosses">bosses</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>.<span word="Sumantra">Sumantra</span> <span word="Ghoshal">Ghoshal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="Business">Business</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Christopher">Christopher</span> <span word="Bartlett">Bartlett</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="Business">Business</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="one">one</span>：<span word="Employability">Employability</span>。<span word="If">If</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="guidance">guidance</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="underlings">underlings</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reassure">reassure</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="jobeven">jobeven</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="company">company</span>. <span word="Unfortunately">Unfortunately</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="promise">promise</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="deliver">deliver</span>.<span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="thoughts">thoughts</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="organization">organization</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="quarrel">quarrel</span> <span word="with">with</span>：<span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="creative">creative</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gains">gains</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pains">pains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span>，<span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="organization">organization</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="stale">stale</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="forth">forth</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="disappointment">disappointment</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>.<span word="At">At</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="nub">nub</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="notion">notion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="attain">attain</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="elusive">elusive</span> <span word="goals">goals</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="implicit">implicit</span> <span word="contract">contract</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="treating">treating</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cog">cog</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="machine">machine</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="inspiring">inspiring</span> <span word="examples">examples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="companiesthey">companiesthey</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="Motorola">Motorola</span>， 3<span word="M">M</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ABBthat">ABBthat</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="managed">managed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="creating">creating</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="guidance">guidance</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="unanswered">unanswered</span>.<span word="How">How</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="continuously">continuously</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="people">people</span>，<span word="without">without</span> <span word="diverting">diverting</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="everyday">everyday</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="profitable">profitable</span>? <span word="How">How</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="commitments">commitments</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="firm">firm</span>? <span word="How">How</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="newly">newly</span> <span word="liberated">liberated</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="value">value</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span>? <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="answers">answers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="platitudinous">platitudinous</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="unconvincing">unconvincing</span>. 1. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> . [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="had">had</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="promotion">promotion</span> [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="compete">compete</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="job">job</span> [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="undergo">undergo</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="had">had</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span> <span word="climbing">climbing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span> 2. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Christopher">Christopher</span> <span word="Bartlett">Bartlett</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="improveemployability">improveemployability</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Ability">Ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lay">lay</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="talents">talents</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="employers">employers</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="Skills">Skills</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="accumulated">accumulated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="education">education</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Training">Training</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="guidance">guidance</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="company">company</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="Being">Being</span> <span word="creative">creative</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ready">ready</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="collective">collective</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span>. 3. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Ghoshal">Ghoshal</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Bartlett">Bartlett</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Very">Very</span> <span word="instructive">instructive</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="Very">Very</span> <span word="inspiring">inspiring</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Hard">Hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="implement">implement</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="Quite">Quite</span> <span word="harsh">harsh</span>. 4. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="work">work</span>，<span word="Ghoshal">Ghoshal</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Bartlett">Bartlett</span> <span word="discuss">discuss</span>. [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span> [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="contracts">contracts</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="management">management</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> 5.<span word="This">This</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> . [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="book">book</span> <span word="review">review</span> [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="advertisement">advertisement</span> [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="news">news</span> <span word="report">report</span> [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="research">research</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> 核心词汇 <span word="appealing">appealing</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>.吸引人的 <span word="sparkle">sparkle</span> <span word="v">v</span>.闪耀 <span word="reassure">reassure</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>.使恢复信心 <span word="stale">stale</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>.陈腐的 <span word="implicit">implicit</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>.暗示的。盲从的 <span word="inspiring">inspiring</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>.鼓舞的 <span word="divert">divert</span> <span word="v">v</span>.转移 <span word="profitable">profitable</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>.有利可图的 这些商业学校的想法非常具有吸引力。在这里所有公司都必须适应新技术与竞争环境，为优秀雇员提供工作保障以及晋升的机会比以前更困难了。然而，对于雇员来讲，拥有更好的技能以及充满睿智的思想火花也比以前更有必要了。如果公司不再能够为雇员提供保障和晋升，他们如何使雇员充分发挥才能呢? 很多老板都希望有自己的答案。伦敦商学院的苏曼特拉。戈沙尔和哈佛商学院的克里斯托弗。巴特利特认为他们自己的答案是可雇佣性。如果经理提供正确的培训及指导，并且改变他们对下属的态度，他们将能使自己的雇员充满信心并且认为自己总是有技能、有经验、可以找到一份好工作即使是在不同的公司。 令人遗憾的是，这些老板所做的承诺远远超出他们实际所能做到的。在有关一个完美的组织所能获得的成就上，如鼓励人们具有创造性、与公司同甘共苦、避免公司疲塌并向前发展等方面，他们无可非议。但他们在展示公司是如何创造出这样一种环境之时却令人非常失望。问题的中心在于这样一种观念：即他们认为改变与工人的合同并将其看作价值的源泉而非机器中的齿轮，来达到公司的目的。 作者提供了一些鼓舞人心的公司案例，这些公司都成功地创造出了这样的组织机构。但是他们很少提供有关如何运作组织的有益指导，这个最复杂的问题一直没人来回答。如何在不分散雇员对工作注意力的情况下不断地对他们加以培训，以使公司所获利润更大?如何将雇员培训为一个在任何地方都是优秀的人而又激励他们为你的公司效力?如何使思想解放的雇员将他们的时间花费在能够创造价值的想法上而不是他们所喜爱的一些念头上?这些问题的大多数答案都是老生常谈，不是老生常谈的也不具有说服力。 6.<span word="A">A</span>推断题。由题干关键词<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span>和<span word="employee">employee</span>定位文章第一段的<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="climb">climb</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span>可看出，过去一名优秀的职员很容易获得工作保障和晋升机会，结合选项可知，<span word="A">A</span>正确。且由该句话可知在过去工作上的竞争并不算残酷，因此排除 <span word="B">B</span>;文中并未谈到过去有什么培训，故排除<span word="C">C</span>;<span word="D">D</span>过于绝对。 7.<span word="C">C</span>细节题。由题干关键词<span word="Christopher">Christopher</span> <span word="Bartlett">Bartlett</span>和<span word="employability">employability</span>定位文章第二段。该段中 <span word="employability">employability</span>后的内容即是对此词的解释：经理们提供正确的培训及指导，并且能够改变对下属的态度，就能使雇员总是有技能、有经验，从而可以找到一份好工作。结合选项可知，<span word="C">C</span>正确。 8.<span word="C">C</span>态度题。题干问作者对<span word="Ghoshal">Ghoshal</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Bartlett">Bartlett</span>的观点有何看法。从第三段的<span word="Unfortunately">Unfortunately</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="promise">promise</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="deliver">deliver</span>以及下文提到的<span word="The">The</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="disappointment">disappointment</span> <span word="comes">comes</span>可以看出，作者对<span word="Ghoshal">Ghoshal</span>和<span word="Bartlett">Bartlett</span>的观点不以为然，认为这两个人许诺的比实际提供的要多，可见作者认为他们的观点不切实际，故选<span word="C">C</span>. 9.<span word="D">D</span>推断题。文中提到，<span word="Ghoshal">Ghoshal</span>和<span word="Bartlett">Bartlett</span>不仅讨论了企业的组织形式，还讨论了企业应该提供给员工一个创新的环境，以及对企业员工进行培训和管理，最后达到企业发展的目的。因此用企业管理来概括他们的观念最为合适，选项中<span word="A">A</span>过于片面，<span word="B">B</span>只是简单提到，<span word="C">C</span>过于宽泛，只有<span word="D">D</span>最符合题意。 10.<span word="A">A</span>推断题。判断此题的关键在最后一段，由该段首句<span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="companiesbut">companiesbut</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="guidance">guidance</span>中的关键词<span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>可推知，本文属于书评，故应选<span word="A">A</span>.</p>
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