2015年考研英语阅读模拟习题答案 (8)
<p> <span word="Section">Section</span> Ⅰ<span word="Use">Use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="English">English</span> 参考译文 许多没有到过大不列颠的外国人把这里的所有居民都叫做英格兰人，因为他们习惯于把大不列颠群岛认为是英格兰。实际上，大不列颠群岛上有许多民族，只有英格兰的人才把自己称为英格兰人。而其他人称自己为威尔士人、苏格兰人和爱尔兰人，事情可能就是这样。把他们一概统称为英国人，常会使他们感到有点生气。 即使在英格兰也有许多地区性特点和言语方面的差别。主要区别存在于南英格兰与北英格兰之间。从布里斯托到伦敦的连线以南,人们说的英语就是外国学生通常所学的那种英语,尽管有些地方性差异。 再往北的方言通常比英国南部方言的差异更大。 北部人往往声称他们比南部人更勤奋,因而更纯正。他们真诚和殷勤。外国人常常发现，他们很快就与北部人交上朋友。北部人一般心宽体胖胃口好，例如,到兰开郡或约克郡的参观者在吃饭时可以有望得到丰盛的饭菜。 在口音和特征方面，米德兰的人代表了从南部型英格兰人到北部型英格兰人的逐渐变化。 在苏格兰,字母<span word="r">r</span>所表示的音是强音,并且<span word="r">r</span>常常在有些词中读出声来,在南部英语中这些词中的<span word="r">r</span>是不发音的。据说，苏格兰是一个严肃、谨慎、节俭的民族，更有创造力并且有点神秘感。英伦三岛的所有凯尔特人种常被描述成比英格兰人更加脾气暴躁。 他们具有与英格兰人完全不同的血统。 1. [答案] [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> [注释] 逻辑搭配。<span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> 实际上;常表示语气的转折。<span word="in">in</span> <span word="consequence">consequence</span>因此; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="brief">brief</span>简短地;总而言之; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="general">general</span> 一般来说。从上下文的逻辑意思看，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>最为贴切。 2. [答案] [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="refer">refer</span> [注释] 词义型结构搭配。<span word="refer">refer</span> <span word="to">to</span>...<span word="as">as</span> 把称做 <span word="confine">confine</span>...<span word="to">to</span> 把局限于;管制;<span word="attach">attach</span>...<span word="to">to</span> 缚上,系上,贴上,使依附于,使依恋; <span word="add">add</span> <span word="to">to</span> 增加。 注意：1) <span word="attach">attach</span> <span word="importance">importance</span>/<span word="significance">significance</span> <span word="to">to</span>重视，例如：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="attached">attached</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="speech">speech</span>. 2) 信件用语，例如：<span word="Attached">Attached</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="letter">letter</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="find">find</span>... 随信附上。 3. [答案] [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="as">as</span> [注释] 逻辑搭配。<span word="as">as</span> 作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作表语,代表整个主句的意思。<span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> 可译为事情可能就是这样。<span word="which">which</span> 虽然也可以引导非限制性定语从句,但在此类带有插入句性质的定语从句中均用<span word="as">as</span>,例如：<span word="As">As</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="water">water</span> <span word="consists">consists</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="oxygen">oxygen</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hydrogen">hydrogen</span>. 4. [答案] [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="at">at</span> [注释] 结构搭配。<span word="be">be</span> <span word="annoyed">annoyed</span> <span word="at">at</span>对感到烦恼、不痛快。 5. [答案] [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="differences">differences</span> [注释] 逻辑型词义搭配。解这类题的技巧是瞻前顾后,注意上下文的逻辑联系,然后区别词义,选择恰当的词填入短文中,使句子前后贯通,与全文融为一体。 6. [答案] [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="division">division</span> [注释] 逻辑型词义搭配。前一句中的<span word="differences">differences</span>暗示此处应选<span word="division">division</span>。 7. [答案] [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="line">line</span> [注释] 词义搭配。<span word="row">row</span> 排; <span word="border">border</span> 边界; <span word="scale">scale</span> 尺度,规模。 8. [答案] [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="though">though</span> [注释] 逻辑搭配。此处表示让步关系,故应选[<span word="C">C</span>]。 9. [答案] [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="broader">broader</span> [注释] 词义搭配。<span word="wide">wide</span>广大的，广泛的。它侧重指两边的距离。<span word="broad">broad</span>广阔的。它侧重指本身的广度。如：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span>。<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="broad">broad</span> <span word="question">question</span>.此外，形容眼、口的大，应当用<span word="wide">wide</span>;形容肩、胸的大，应当用<span word="broad">broad</span>。本句中指方言本身的范围，故用<span word="broader">broader</span>更妥。 [<span word="Nextpage">Nextpage</span>] 10. [答案] [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="apt">apt</span> [注释] 结构型词义搭配。<span word="be">be</span> <span word="apt">apt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. 倾向于,习惯于：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="careless">careless</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="apt">apt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span>. <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. 习惯于。<span word="sb">sb</span>. <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. 是错误的,应改为<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.。<span word="probable">probable</span> 经常用于<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probable">probable</span> <span word="that">that</span>...句型中或<span word="sth">sth</span>. <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probable">probable</span>句型中,例如：1)<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probable">probable</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="today">today</span>. 2)<span word="Colder">Colder</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probable">probable</span>. 此外, <span word="probable">probable</span> 也可以作定语形容词,修饰名词,如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="probable">probable</span> <span word="candidate">candidate</span>. 11. [答案] [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="thorough">thorough</span> [注释] 结构型词义搭配。<span word="thorough">thorough</span> 纯正,完美。<span word="perfect">perfect</span>没有比较级和最高级形式,因而句中既然有<span word="more">more</span>,就不能再接<span word="perfect">perfect</span>了。<span word="superior">superior</span>是从拉丁语接纳到英语中来的形容词比较级,故不能与<span word="more">more</span> 连用。<span word="notorious">notorious</span> 与上下文内容相悖,故不能入选。 12. [答案] [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="quickly">quickly</span> [注释] 本题测试词义搭配。<span word="swiftly">swiftly</span> 快速地,敏捷地; <span word="promptly">promptly</span> 敏捷地,迅速地,即刻地;以上两词均强调行为发生的敏捷性,而本句中只强调交朋友的快,故应选<span word="quickly">quickly</span>。<span word="immediately">immediately</span> 意为立刻,马上,也不合题意,故不能入选。 13. [答案] [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="appetites">appetites</span> [注释] 词义搭配。<span word="hearty">hearty</span> <span word="appetites">appetites</span>心宽体胖胃口好。<span word="taste">taste</span>滋味;趣味,鉴赏力; <span word="interest">interest</span>兴趣; <span word="sense">sense</span>感觉;见识;意思;以上三词均不符合句意,故不能入选。 14. [答案] [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="helpings">helpings</span> [注释] 词义搭配。<span word="helping">helping</span> 分量,正合句意。<span word="offering">offering</span> 提供,奉献，献礼;<span word="filling">filling</span> 填料,填充物; <span word="finding">finding</span>发现,发现物,发现结果;均不符合句意。 15. [答案] [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="represent">represent</span> [注释] 词义搭配。<span word="represent">represent</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 描述,表示; <span word="designate">designate</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 标明,指明: <span word="designate">designate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="map">map</span> ;<span word="demonstrate">demonstrate</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 论证,演示; <span word="reckon">reckon</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>.认为;指望;处理;测算。根据词义和句意,只有<span word="represent">represent</span>合适。 16. [答案] [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="denoted">denoted</span> [注释] 词义辨析。<span word="denote">denote</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 表示; <span word="deliver">deliver</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 交付,投递,发表;<span word="depict">depict</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 描绘; <span word="define">define</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 给下定义。 17. [答案] [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="silent">silent</span> [注释] 词义惯用搭配。<span word="silent">silent</span>在此处指语音学中默音的,例如：<span word="doubt">doubt</span> 中<span word="b">b</span>不发音,被称为默音字母。 18. [答案] [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="rather">rather</span> [注释] 词义搭配。<span word="rather">rather</span> 有点,相当。 19. [答案] [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="described">described</span> [注释] 惯用结构搭配。<span word="be">be</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="as">as</span>被描述为。<span word="render">render</span>+名词+形容词意为致使 <span word="be">be</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="as">as</span> 被认为;<span word="impress">impress</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>. 使留下印象。 20. [答案] [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="of">of</span> [注释] 结构搭配。<span word="be">be</span> <span word="of">of</span> + 名词意为是具有的。例如：1) <span word="His">His</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="us">us</span>.2) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="quality">quality</span>. 小结 按大纲规定英语知识应用，即完形填空，题材应为一篇240～280字的短文。本文是289字，符合大纲要求。试题类型有逻辑搭配、词义搭配、结构搭配和惯用搭配，与2010年试题相一致。完形填空解题技巧是：把握主题、抓住上下文的逻辑主线、瞻前顾后、各个击破，最后统观全文、查错补漏。完形填空解题时间通常为15分钟左右。千万不要超时，以免挤占后面各项的解题时间。</p>
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