2015考研英语阅读之标点符号如何利用
<p> 1986-1996年处于出题的摸索阶段，文章接近大学英语四级水平，那我们可以学习其中的单词和句子。1997-2001年文章特别规整，答案特征出题位置开始形成，也就是说我们的解题技巧开始适用。2002-2004年文章专业度偏高。阅读理解命题思路形成，2005-至今 没有太大的变化。2010年开始英语一的阅读更侧重于基础。2010年开始英语二也正式开始。那基础阶段肖老师首推的复习文章是1986年-1999年的文章。为什么呢?因为这些文章的单词和长难句在后面的文章中一直在出现。这阶段我们强化基础，淡化解题技巧。在文章中学习和掌握高频词和重点短语，熟悉长难句类型对我们暑期开始的技巧提升有很好的作用。那今天学习下标点符号。 这是大家很容易忽略的阅读技巧。在一篇450左右的文章中真正有用的信息是150-200字。而基础阶段我们学习标点符号就有助于我们简化文章以及提高对有用信息的敏感度。 在的阅读中常用的标点符号有6个：逗号、冒号、破折号、分号、引号和括号。下面肖老师一一给大家讲解： 1.逗号 要注意的是在考研阅读的文章中，我们要注意几乎每篇文章都有的逗号尤其是2个逗号的情况。2个逗号中间一般为插入语，可以跳读。例如 <span word="For">For</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="semiconductors">semiconductors</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="invented">invented</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="age">age</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="casualty">casualty</span>.半导体制造业是美国发明的，而且是新的电脑时代的核心产业，一度被认为会成为下一个受害者。 2. 冒号 其作用是进一步解释说明前句中的事物或现象，也就是说冒号前后是一个从抽象到具体的过程。如果冒号前面的内容读懂了，后面的内容不管多长都可以不用看。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="commit">commit</span> <span word="evolutionary">evolutionary</span> <span word="suicide">suicide</span>: <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="alive">alive</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="children">children</span>. 进行进化式自杀还有一种办法：一直活着、少生孩子。 3.分号 一个分号表示语意并列，2个或2个以上的分号表示结构的并列。有时可利用分号推测句子意思或作者态度。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="flash">flash</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pan">pan</span>; <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="consistently">consistently</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="America">America</span>. 这不是昙花一现，在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。 4.破折号 两破折号中为插入语时，看暂时跳读 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> 100, 000 <span word="yearseven">yearseven</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> 100 <span word="yearsour">yearsour</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="transformed">transformed</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="not">not</span>. 可是过去10万年甚至在过去100年里，我们的生很活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没有改变。 5. 引号 三个作用：可表示讽刺，用在引号内容是褒义词的情况下。<span word="Scientific">Scientific</span> <span word="creationism">creationism</span>;可用于引用某人观点：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="struck">struck</span> <span word="gold">gold</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Redmon">Redmon</span>. ;也表示专有名词 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="Kelsey">Kelsey</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="much">much</span>-<span word="publicized">publicized</span> <span word="resignation">resignation</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="editorship">editorship</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="build">build</span>-<span word="up">up</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="stress">stress</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="abandoning">abandoning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctrine">doctrine</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="juggling">juggling</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="life">life</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="alternative">alternative</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="downshifting">downshifting</span> <span word="brings">brings</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="status">status</span>. 我发现，放弃那种为生活打拼的信条，转向减压减速的生活，将会带来高于经济收入和社会地位的回报;<span word="Linda">Linda</span> <span word="Kelsey">Kelsey</span>不堪压力，辞掉<span word="She">She</span>杂志社编辑职务的消息备受关注之后，她或许与我有同样的发现。 有点要引起重视的是，若是文章中有引号而这内容又出现在选项中则不能选。 6.括号 一是可用于解释前词意义 <span word="Drugs">Drugs</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="nervous">nervous</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="alter">alter</span> <span word="perception">perception</span>, <span word="mood">mood</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="psychoactive">psychoactive</span> <span word="substances">substances</span>. 影响中枢神经系统、改变感知觉和行为的药物属于对神经起显著作用的物质 二是补充说明。这点希望我们考生注意。因为考研的文章都是经过命题专家改写的。如果括号内的相关信息没有用，那就可以直接删掉，那既然保留说明一定有用。正确选项和错误选项都喜欢在此命题。希望同学们能提高对此符号的敏感度。</p>
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