2015考研英语高分的前提阅读理解
<p> 摘要：从阅读理解本身来讲，阅读并理解是做对题拿到分的前提，只有在阅读并且理解的前提下才能够保证做题的正确率，所以首要原则就是能够把文章读懂。 1. 阅读策略- <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="strategy">strategy</span> 西方人写文章规律性极强，绝大多数议论文的组织形式为：开头提出论点，接下来会有若干分论点，分论点后面会紧跟论据，支持分论点以及总论点。如此具有规律的文章形式极大地帮助我们读懂文章大意。大意懂了，就要仔细阅读具体的内容了，而这个时候总会遇到这样那样的困难。所以在阅读文章时一定要硬着头皮，迎难而上，看不懂的地方也要尽量猜测，不要因为某个单词影响对整个句子的理解，同时把握句子当中的意群<span word="group">group</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span>，这个句子可能读不懂，但是读懂了句子中的意群，再看看句子里面有没有否定词和转折词，基本上这个句子就明白了。 例句1：<span word="No">No</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="remarkable">remarkable</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="compact">compact</span> <span word="disc">disc</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="revitalize">revitalize</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classic">classic</span> <span word="recorded">recorded</span> <span word="performances">performances</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pre">pre</span>-<span word="Latin">Latin</span> <span word="era">era</span>. 这个长句当中使用了一个短语搭配<span word="no">no</span> <span word="less">less</span><span word="than">than</span> ，也就是说这个长句其实就是在比较两个事物，两个事物是相当的、平等的，所以找到两个事物，这个句子就读懂了。不难发现句子当中提到的两个名词短语为<span word="compact">compact</span> <span word="disc">disc</span>和<span word="classic">classic</span> <span word="recorded">recorded</span> <span word="performances">performances</span>，而其它成份则为这两个名词短语的修饰语。 例句2：<span word="Despite">Despite</span> <span word="protests">protests</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="waste">waste</span>-<span word="disposal">disposal</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="health">health</span> <span word="officials">officials</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ordered">ordered</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bacteria">bacteria</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="seawater">seawater</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="beaches">beaches</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="measured">measured</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="published">published</span>. 此句状语从句的主语为<span word="protest">protest</span>，主句主语为<span word="official">official</span>，宾语为从句，宾语从句主语为<span word="level">level</span>，<span word="of">of</span>短语修饰<span word="level">level</span>，<span word="in">in</span>短语修饰<span word="bacterial">bacterial</span>，<span word="at">at</span>短语修饰<span word="seawater">seawater</span>，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="measured">measured</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="published">published</span>为从句谓语。译文： 尽管有一些废品处理公司的反对，负责健康方面的官员们还是要求对受公众欢迎的海滩的海水所含细菌的数量进行检测，并且要求把这些结果公布于众。 例句3： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exhaust">exhaust</span> <span word="gases">gases</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="above">above</span> 500 <span word="c">c</span>, <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="solid">solid</span> <span word="oxide">oxide</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="supplying">supplying</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leftover">leftover</span> <span word="amounts">amounts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="industries">industries</span>, <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="suppliers">suppliers</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>. 词句主句含义为气体温度很高，其余的部分则为<span word="meaning">meaning</span>分词作状语的状语从句。从句的主语为<span word="solid">solid</span> <span word="oxide">oxide</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>，表语为<span word="attractive">attractive</span>，补语为<span word="electricity">electricity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="generation">generation</span>，后面又是一个<span word="as">as</span>引导的原因从句，从句的主语为<span word="heat">heat</span>，<span word="created">created</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span>为<span word="heat">heat</span>的修饰语，谓语为<span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span>，宾语为并列的三个事项<span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="industries">industries</span>, <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="suppliers">suppliers</span> 和<span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>. 译文：那些废弃的温度远远高于500 <span word="c">c</span>，这就意味着：对于发电和供热来说，固体氧化燃料电池是很不错的，因为除了供电外，在该过程中所产生的剩余热量可用于工业供热、供应热水、或者给建筑物供暖。 2.做阅读题，要避免以下几点： 第一，不忠于原文，主观选择答案。尤其对比较熟悉的题材或有个人习惯看法的问题往往容易以自己的主观看法代替作者的观点。阅读理解的各选项间干扰性很大，许多答案都有其合理的一面，但不是作者在文中要表达的观点，不是最确切的答案。所以我们必须仔细推敲，将原文的真正含义理解透彻，用原文要表达的意思对照四个选项，选出最切合原文句意的答案。如果对原文中心思想把握的不到位，跟着感觉走，想当然的选择答案，就会被错误选项蒙蔽。对某一题材的熟悉有助于理解文章的内容，但也会出现误导答案的选择。 第二，问题简单化，粗心以及一些不良的阅读习惯。研究生的阅读题比六级要难一些，一般情况下文章的中心思想比较隐含，不会放在每段的第一句，答案不会在文章中直接给出。所以我们通过阅读，除了理解文章的字面意思外，更要对一些没有被文字表达出来的信息，通过作者的观点，自己已有的经验，知识做出合乎逻辑的推断。做题时要注意文章中的一些关键词，这些关键词在理解作者的态度和选择答案方面有非常重要的作用。这些关键词包括一些重要信息的转折词，如 <span word="but">but</span>,<span word="yet">yet</span>,<span word="although">although</span>,<span word="however">however</span>等，这可以让我们了解到作者要转换话题或否定已述内容。表示举例的有<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span>,<span word="for">for</span> <span word="instanse">instanse</span>。表示目的的有<span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="end">end</span> ,<span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span>,<span word="with">with</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="object">object</span>。另一些词如<span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>,<span word="finally">finally</span>,<span word="in">in</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span>则表示作者对自己所述的事情要做一概括并准备结束所谈及的问题。一些同学做题注意力不集中，做题速度慢，还有做阅读题读出声，一字一字读，碰到不懂的单词查词典的习惯，这是很不好的。 考研时间是非常紧的，要在有限时间内做完所有题就需要平时多锻炼。平时做题在保证正确率的前提下要注意提高阅读速度。阅读时碰到不认识的单词可以通过构词法，根据上下文意思或该词的同位语推测，不要经常查词典，做阅读题是培养语感，巩固词汇的过程，不是积累词汇的过程。做题查词典一是浪费时间，不利提高阅读能力，二这也不是背单词的好办法。由于阅读题材广泛，体裁多样，所以在平时的训练中要广泛阅读，尽可能地接触各种文章，不要受自己兴趣爱好影响，对那些自己平时不感兴趣或觉得较难的文章更应该多训练，为考试做准备。考研有很多句子偏长，修饰语多，分隔现象严重，词义隐晦令人费解。分隔现象增多破坏句子连贯性，修饰成分多则造成理解困难，降低阅读速度。这种长句平时也要多多锻炼的。可以先弄清句子的基本成分，再弄清句子中的各修饰成分在句中作用以及各成分间的相互关系，然后根据上下文理解句子意思。考试时是没有时间这样一二三去分析的，平时这样锻炼可培养习惯思维，考试时速度自然而然就快了 第三，做完题缺少检查。 对感觉把握不大或较难的试题，尤其是概括归纳题，作者意图题等在做完后要根据全文和问题的答案，看是否有矛盾，是否符合逻辑。一些细节题，推测题，判断题要在文章相关段落中找到根据，以做到确保无误。在平时的训练中，要总结适合自己的方法，发现缺点及时纠正并在下次做题中避免发生类似错误。 足够数量的词汇和娴熟的语法知识是提高阅读理解能力和增强阅读速度的基础，阅读理解的技巧和方法有助于提高答案正确率及答题速度。最后祝大家在2015年的考试中取得好成绩!</p>
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