2014硕士研究生英语模拟试题及答案(6)
<p> <span word="Part">Part</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="Directions">Directions</span>: <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="article">article</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="removed">removed</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="Questions">Questions</span> 41-45, <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="A">A</span>-<span word="G">G</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="numbered">numbered</span> <span word="blank">blank</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="choices">choices</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gaps">gaps</span>. <span word="Mark">Mark</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="answers">answers</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="ANSWER">ANSWER</span> <span word="SHEET">SHEET</span> 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="sciences">sciences</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="flourishing">flourishing</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2005, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="working">working</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="inside">inside</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="academia">academia</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="Report">Report</span> 2010, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="social">social</span>-<span word="science">science</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="worldwide">worldwide</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="swollen">swollen</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="about">about</span> 11% <span word="every">every</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="since">since</span> 2000. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="enormous">enormous</span> <span word="resource">resource</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="contributing">contributing</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="todays">todays</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span> <span word="including">including</span> <span word="climate">climate</span> <span word="change">change</span>, <span word="security">security</span>, <span word="sustainable">sustainable</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="health">health</span>.______<span word="Humanity">Humanity</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="agro">agro</span>-<span word="technological">technological</span> <span word="tools">tools</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eradicate">eradicate</span> <span word="hunger">hunger</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="genetically">genetically</span> <span word="engineered">engineered</span> <span word="crops">crops</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="artificial">artificial</span> <span word="fertilizers">fertilizers</span> . <span word="Here">Here</span>, <span word="too">too</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="social">social</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="organization">organization</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="distribution">distribution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="food">food</span>, <span word="wealth">wealth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="prosperity">prosperity</span>. ____<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shamethe">shamethe</span> <span word="community">community</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="grasping">grasping</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="raise">raise</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="world">world</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="paraphrase">paraphrase</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="Joseph">Joseph</span> <span word="Schumpeter">Schumpeter</span>: <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="radical">radical</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="creative">creative</span> <span word="destruction">destruction</span>. <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="sciences">sciences</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="focused">focused</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="disciplinary">disciplinary</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="internal">internal</span> <span word="scholarly">scholarly</span> <span word="debates">debates</span>, <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="topics">topics</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="external">external</span> <span word="impact">impact</span>. <span word="Analyses">Analyses</span> <span word="reveal">reveal</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="including">including</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="keywords">keywords</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="climate">climate</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="since">since</span> 2004,____ <span word="When">When</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="tackle">tackle</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> ,<span word="their">their</span> <span word="scope">scope</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="local">local</span>: <span word="Belgium">Belgium</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Belgium">Belgium</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span> .<span word="And">And</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="communitys">communitys</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="contributes">contributes</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="overall">overall</span> <span word="accumulation">accumulation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="doubtful">doubtful</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> ____<span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="adequate">adequate</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="aimed">aimed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="direction">direction</span>. <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="complain">complain</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="todays">todays</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="climate">climate</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="trick">trick</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="better">better</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="Union">Union</span> <span word="Framework">Framework</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="category">category</span> <span word="specifically">specifically</span> <span word="targeted">targeted</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>: <span word="Horizon">Horizon</span> 2020,<span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="enacted">enacted</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2014,<span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="category">category</span> ,<span word="This">This</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="resulted">resulted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="protests">protests</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="intention">intention</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="neglect">neglect</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="science">science</span>; <span word="rather">rather</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span>. ____<span word="That">That</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="collaborative">collaborative</span> <span word="endeavors">endeavors</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="projects">projects</span> <span word="aimed">aimed</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="solving">solving</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="It">It</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="evolving">evolving</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="communities">communities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>: <span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="discipline">discipline</span>-<span word="oriented">oriented</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="publishing">publishing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="specialized">specialized</span> <span word="journals">journals</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>-<span word="oriented">oriented</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="publishing">publishing</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="briefs">briefs</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="small">small</span>: <span word="in">in</span> 2010, <span word="about">about</span> 1,600 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 100,000 <span word="social">social</span>-<span word="sciences">sciences</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="globally">globally</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="Keywords">Keywords</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="integrate">integrate</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="categories">categories</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="demographic">demographic</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="security">security</span>, <span word="marine">marine</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bio">bio</span>-<span word="economy">economy</span>, <span word="clear">clear</span>, <span word="efficient">efficient</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="inclusive">inclusive</span>, <span word="innovative">innovative</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="secure">secure</span> <span word="societies">societies</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mindset">mindset</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="community">community</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="considers">considers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="goal">goal</span>. <span word="Global">Global</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="receive">receive</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. [<span word="E">E</span>] <span word="These">These</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="root">root</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>. <span word="All">All</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="behavioral">behavioral</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="innovations">innovations</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="technological">technological</span> <span word="development">development</span>. <span word="Stemming">Stemming</span> <span word="climate">climate</span> <span word="change">change</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="promoting">promoting</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="acceptance">acceptance</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>. [<span word="F">F</span>] <span word="Despite">Despite</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="reluctant">reluctant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tackle">tackle</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="arms">arms</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="proposal">proposal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="category">category</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="social">social</span>-<span word="science">science</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="integrate">integrate</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="cross">cross</span>-<span word="cutting">cutting</span> <span word="topics">topics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sustainable">sustainable</span> <span word="development">development</span>. [<span word="G">G</span>]<span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="late">late</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span> , <span word="national">national</span> <span word="spending">spending</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="sciences">sciences</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="humanities">humanities</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="percentage">percentage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="funds">funds</span>-<span word="including">including</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="education">education</span>, <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> -<span word="varied">varied</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="around">around</span> 4% <span word="to">to</span> 25%; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="nations">nations</span> , <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> 15%. <span word="Part">Part</span> <span word="B">B</span>参考答案： 41. <span word="E">E</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="root">root</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>... 42. <span word="F">F</span>. <span word="Despite">Despite</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>... 43. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="small">small</span>... 44. <span word="G">G</span>. <span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="late">late</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span>... 45. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="integrate">integrate</span>... </p>
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